Akadaulo pa zisankho ati izi zimachitika pomwe oponya voti samasuka kunena momwe angasonkhanitsire ovota chifukwa sakumasuka, pamlingo womveka, ndi zomwe angachite. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ovota amachita chifukwa cha matumbo awo, osati chifukwa cha ubongo wawo.
Brexit idakhazikika pamalingaliro am'matumbo. Inali kampeni yamantha. Kampeni ya "Chokani" inali yokhudza a Turks akuukira Great Britain, chifukwa chololedwa ku EU (zabodza kwathunthu); kuti Great Britain anali kulipira ku EU mapaundi 50 miliyoni patsiku (kachiwiri, chithunzi chonyenga).
Koma funso lalikulu lomwe linadzutsidwa, makamaka a Boris Johnson, linali: sitilinso omasukaโฆ Tiyeni tipeze ufulu wathu.
Ndipo anapita kukayerekezera EU ndi Germany ya Nazi yomwe inkafuna kulanda Ulaya. Zoonadi, cholinga chake chinali chophweka: kupeza nduna yaikulu David Cameron kuti atule pansi udindo wake ndi kutenga udindo wake. Chitsanzo chabwino cha malingaliro abwino.
Kulirira ufulu wodziimira kumeneku kunachititsa kuti anthu ayambe kulakalaka dziko lakale la nthawi ya ufumuwo. kuchokera ku EU kale ulamuliro wa malire ake, unatayika kotheratu.
Koma pambali pa chikhalidwe ichi cha British British, zifukwa za Brexit zinali zofala ku xenophobic, nationalism ndi populism mafunde omwe akufalikira ku Ulaya konse. Kampeni ya Brexit inali ndi zonse zitatu, kuphatikiza chinthu chachinayi chomwe chikubwera: kuwukira kwa anthu motsutsana ndi osankhika awo.
Kampeni ya โKhalanibeโ inali nayo yonse; kuchokera kwa atsogoleri a chipani cha Tory and Labor kupita kumagulu onse azachuma ndi azachuma, kuchokera ku International Monetary Fund (IMF) kupita ku European Central Bank, kuchokera ku Obama kupita ku Merkel, kuchokera kwa atolankhani osankhika (Financial Times, Economist) kupita ku Soccer League. Kampeni yawo inalinso yamantha: ngati titulukamo tidzataya misika, kuchepa kwathu kudzawonjezeka, ndipo dongosolo lathu lazaumoyo lili pachiwopsezo.
Zomwe tsopano akatswiri ofufuza ayamba kuzimvetsa ndikuti mfundo zomveka sizikufunikanso. Mantha ndi ofunika kwambiri. Ndipo chilichonse chomwe chimakhudza anthu osankhika komanso kukhazikitsidwa chimapangitsa kuti anthu azikondana kwambiri, zomwe ndi kutaya zithunzi za anthu osankhika. Kuitana uku kwa kusintha tsopano ndi chinthu chatsopano cha ndale ku Ulaya konse.
Chitsanzo chabwino ndi tawuni ya Turin, kumene masiku angapo Brexit asanafike meya woona mtima, wogwira ntchito komanso wolemekezeka Piero Fassino (yemwe anachita ntchito yabwino), adataya mtsikana wopanda chidziwitso chilichonse. Anthu amamva kufuna kutaya zonse zakale, chifukwa mwachiwonekere zalephera kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo.
Ndilosera posachedwa kudulidwa kwa Great Britain, pomwe Scotland ikuyitanitsa nthawiyi kuti ikhale yodziyimira pawokha. Brexit idasankhidwa ndi England, pomwe nzika zambiri zimamva mwadzidzidzi kudzutsidwanso kuti ndi ndani.
Ndi kuitana yemweyo wa Marie Le Pen ku France (wina anataya ufumu), amene watsegula mkangano za French chizindikiritso, ndi kufunika kuchepetsedwa ndi multiculturalism, obwera, makamaka Muslim, ndi kupeza kachiwiri kulamulira malire, kuchokera ku ulamuliro wa European Union.
Chaka chamawa, tili ndi zisankho zaku France ndi Germany. Le Pen tsopano ndi mtsogoleri wa chipani chachikulu kwambiri ku France, Ndipo zidzakhala zovuta kumuchotsa pampando. Kenako zisankho ku Germany ziwona kuwuka kwa Alternative fur Deutschland (AFD), zomwe zimapangitsa kubwezeredwa kwa chidziwitso cha Germany ndi ulamuliro wake kukhala maziko ochoka ku Europe.
Maphwando onse akumanja a xenophobic awonetsa chidwi chawo pa Brexit, zomwe ziwapangitsa kukankha kwambiri. Brexit imabwera pambuyo pa zisankho zaku Austria, pomwe mapiko akumanja adataya mavoti ochepa. Ngati chisankho chikadachitika lero ku Netherlands, chipani chake chodana ndi anthu ochokera kumayiko ena chikanakhala chachikulu kwambiri. Ndipo mogwirizana kwathunthu, a Donald Trump adawonetsa chidwi chake pa Brexit.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino zochepa za Brexit ndikuti pali choyimbira chokulirapo pa mfundo yakuti kudalirana kwa mayiko sikunasunge malonjezo ake: chuma kwa aliyense.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, zachititsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa anthu, kumene kuli anthu ochepa okha amene ali ndi chuma chambiri cha mayiko, ndipo ambiri akungotsala. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za OECD, Europe yataya nzika 18 miliyoni zapakati pazaka 10 zapitazi.
Mfundo yakuti mabanki amalankhula mogwirizana kuti "Khalani", zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi 27% ya nzika zaku Britain zomwe zimavutika kuti zifike kumapeto kwa mweziwo, pamene akuwona oposa 1.000 mabanki, ndi 1.500 CEO amapanga zoposa 1 miliyoni. mapaundi pachaka.
Tsopano ngakhale IMF ikufalitsa maphunziro a momwe kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu kumayendera kukula, komanso kufunikira koyika ndalama mu ndondomeko za umoyo wa anthu ophatikizika ndi mwayi wofanana.
Izi zikuchitika, ena anganene, chifukwa zomwe zimachitika pakudalirana kwa mayiko sizimangoyambitsa mafunde olondola. Ndikumva kuti onse omwe ali mu dongosololi akunyalanyaza mavuto awo, mayendedwe atsopano akubwera kuchokera kumanzere, monga Podemos ku Spain kapena Bernie Sanders ku US.
Pazisankho zomwe zikubwera ku Spain, chipani chachikhalidwe cha demokalase, PSOE, chikhoza kukhala pambuyo pa Podemos. Ku Italy masiku angapo apitawo, atapambana zisankho zachigawo, gulu la 5 Star tsopano likuyang'ana kuti litenge boma la dziko lonse, lochitidwa ndi chipani cha demokalase, PD. Atatha zaka ziwiri akulamulira, Matteo Renzi wachichepere akuwoneka kale wokhazikika.
EU ikukumana ndi vuto lomwelo. Aliyense amalankhula za gawo lake laling'ono padziko lapansi, kuti akuluakulu osasankhidwa ku Brussels amakhala osagwirizana ndi zenizeni ndikudzipereka kuti akambirane malamulo a momwe anganyamulire tomato, osaganizira za mavuto a nzika wamba ya ku Europe.
Tiyenera kuima kaye kuti tiganizire kuti uku ndi kudzudzula komweko komwe timamva za United Nations. Mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi amatha kuchita zomwe mamembala awo amawalola kuchita. EU ndi bungwe lapadziko lonse (lokhalo lomwe lilipo), komabe mphamvu zonse zandale zili m'manja mwa Bungwe la Atumiki, kumene maboma amakhala ndikuchita chisankho.
Commission yatsala kuti ikwaniritse izi ndipo akuluakulu aboma (chiwerengero chomwecho cha omwe amayendetsa tawuni ya Rome), ali ndi ufulu wosankha kukula kwa phwetekere.
Ndiye boma la dziko lomwelo lomwe latenga zisankho, likupeza kuti ndi bwino kutsutsa kusagwira ntchito kwa EU, ndikudandaula kuti pali ndondomeko ya kunja kwa Ulaya. Masewera osasamalawa tsopano akuwona zotsatira za konkire ku Brexit, ndipo maboma ayenera kuganizira mozama za kupitiliza njira iyi iwiri.
Komabe, mfumu tsopano ilibe zovala. Europe ikutha, ndipo udindo waukulu kwambiri ukugwera pamapewa a Germany.
Germany yakhala ikuletsa kuyesa kulikonse kopanga njira zachuma ndi zaufulu ku Ulaya, chifukwa sakufuna kulipira zolakwa za mayiko omwe ali ndi ngongole, Greece, Italy, ndi kumwera kwa Ulaya. Nduna ya Zachuma ku Germany, a Wolfgang Schauble, adapitanso kunena kuti Mario Draghi, bwanamkubwa wa BCE, 50% ya kupambana kwa xenophobe Alternative fur Deutschland pamasankho omaliza. Draghi , anali kuchita ndondomeko zokomera anthu a ku Ulaya, osati za ovota a ku Germany. Germany ndiye dziko lamphamvu kwambiri mu EU.
Ndizodabwitsa kudziwa kuti maudindo onse ofunika mu EU bureaucracy atengedwa ndi British ndi Germany. M'malo mwake, omwe amayang'anira maulamuliro ndi mkangano wapackage wa phwetekere amachokera ku mayiko awiriwa. Ndipo Chancellor Angela Merkel amatengedwa kuti ndi amene amayendetsa EU. M'malo mwake, mgwirizano wowopsa ndi Turkey pa othawa kwawo, adasankhidwa ndi Chancellor waku Germany, popanda ngakhale kufunsa France.
Tsopano Germany iyenera kusankha: kapena kupitiliza njira yake yokulitsa Europe, kapena kukhalanso Germany waku Europe, monga momwe zinalili pomwe likulu lake linali Bonn. Germany yanyalanyaza mayendedwe onse aku Europe ndi apadziko lonse lapansi kuti azisewera mfundo zina mu EU. Wakana kuwonjezera ndalama zomwe amawononga, kugawana ndalama zomwe zingachitike pazachuma ku Europe kapena kuyanjana kulikonse pavutoli.
Koma kungakhale kulakwitsa kuganiza kuti izi ndi chifukwa cha umunthu wa Schauble. Ambiri mwa nzika zaku Germany amakhulupirira kuti sayenera kulipira zolakwa za ena. Kunena chilungamo, boma la Germany silinayesepo kuwaphunzitsa zofunikira za ku Ulaya. Ndipo tsopano, mwina kwachedwa kwambiriโฆ.
Choncho, zisankho zikubwerazi zidzakhala zovuta kwa boma. Chipani cha AfD chikuyembekezeka kuchulukirachulukira, ndipo magulu awiriwa ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri. Merkel ayesa kuchotsa zikwangwani zina za AfD ndikuchepetsanso mfundo zake zaku Europe. Kodi achita chiyani tsopano pambuyo pa Brexit?
Kuyesa kuyambitsa Europe pa liwiro ziwiri, ndi mayiko a Baltic, Poland, Hungary ndi ma Eurosceptics ena onse atasiyidwa? Kapena ali wokonzeka kusintha mfundo zake zodzikonda ndikuchita gawo lenileni ku Europe, ngakhale AfD ikukwera? Europe tsopano imadalira Germany. Apa tiwona ngati Merkel ndi wandale kapena wandale wochita bwino mdziko.
*Roberto Savio ndi amene adayambitsa komanso mkulu wakale wa bungwe lofalitsa nkhani zapadziko lonse lapansi Inter Press Service (IPS). M'zaka zaposachedwapa wakhazikitsanso Nkhani Zina, ntchito yopereka 'zidziwitso zomwe misika imathetsa'.
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Kwa zaka zambiri m'zaka za zana lino komanso kuyambira pomwe dziko la Iraq linalanda dziko la Iraq, atolankhani akuluakulu aku Britain akhala amphamvu kwambiri pa tsankho lawo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsatiridwa ndi mawu opangidwa kuti amveke bwino kwa anthu omasuka. Koma pamene pulojekiti ya neo-liberal inafika pamiyala mu 2007, izi zidalimba ndikudzudzula akunja kudakhala chizolowezi. Atsogoleri a ndale akumanja adakangana kuti anene zonyansa kwambiri - mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri anali "British Jobs for British Workers", yolembedwa ndi nduna yayikulu ya New Labor Gordon Brown. Ntchito yayikulu yofalitsa ziwanda kuti iwononge anthu othawa kwawo - gawo laling'ono la othawa kwawo - adathandizidwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi New Labour, mpaka kukakamiza zikwizikwi za anthu othawa kwawo komanso othawa kwawo ku umphawi wadzaoneni - saloledwa kugwira ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo mabizinesi aku Britain ndi boma anali ndipo akutsatsabe ku Europe kwa ogwira ntchito; sangathe kudzaza mipata. Poganizira za tsankho loyipa komanso kudana ndi anthu ochokera kumayiko ena komwe kukuchitika masiku ano ndi atolankhani komanso andale ambiri, ndizodabwitsa kuti anthu ambiri amavomerezabe komanso kulolera osamukira kwawo.
Koma kwa ogwira ntchito ambiri ku England ndivuto lanyumba lomwe lakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali lomwe lili pafupi kwambiri ndi mitima yawo, osati kudana ndi alendo. Kuyesera kosiyanasiyana kwa kusowa kwa nyumba zotsika mtengo kumapangidwa, kudzudzula okalamba, othawa kwawo, othawa kwawo ndi zina zotero, koma zochepa zomwe zimachitika kapena zomwe zingachitike m'gulu lomwe limawononga katundu waumwini mpaka kusiya mazana masauzande a nyumba zopanda kanthu. zaka kapena makumi, ndipo zomwe zimasiya nyumba ku zofuna za '"misika" (Gordon Brown, kachiwiri, kumapeto kwa kampeni yake yolephera zisankho mu 2010).
Gawani ndikulamulira kumakhalabe chida cha mabwana; makina awo osindikizira nthawi zambiri amakhala m'ngalande ndipo sasonyeza chizindikiro chochoka pamalopo.