ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
NdalamaChizindikiro cha nthawiyi ndi chakuti Germany ikuukira Purezidenti wa European Commission, Jeam-Claude Juncker, yemwe Chancellor Angela Merkel adamuika mu 2014 atamenyana kwambiri ndi David Cameron, yemwe anali PM wa Britain wamphamvu. Gulu la Visograd, lopangidwa ndi Poland, Hungary, Slovaquia ndi Czech Republic, lomwe linatulukanso phulusa, kuti likhale liwu lotsutsana ndi Brussels, lapempha kuti abweretse Commission pansi pa ulamuliro wa States. Pamene Merkel adakonza msonkhano wa atsogoleri a oyambitsa asanu ndi limodzi oyambirira a EU, ku Berlin, adayitana Donald Tusk, Purezidenti wa Council, koma osati Jean-Claude Juncker, yemwe ndi Purezidenti wa Commission. Ndipo a Wolfgang Schauble, nduna ya Zachuma ku Germany, apempha kuti: "Yakwana nthawi yobwezeretsa Brussels m'manja mwa mayiko."
Ndizodabwitsa kuti kutsutsana pa Brexit sikunanyalanyaze zomwe zikuchitika kuti athetse chikhalidwe chapamwamba cha EU. Zomwe zikuchitika, kwenikweni, ndizofunikira kwambiri: kutha kwa mayiko ndi kubwerera kudziko lonse. Ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zipatso za kudalirana kwa mayikoโฆ. Japan, China ndi Russia ali pachimake chautundu.
Kudalirana kwa mayiko si mawu osalowerera ndale. Kugwirizana kwa mayiko komwe kunakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Khoma la Berlin kunali jekete yowongoka yolimba ngati ya malingaliro, omwe amatsutsidwa kubweretsa ku Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, ndi zaka makumi asanu za Cold War. Inasonyeza msikawo monga maziko okhawo a anthu, ndi kuchotsedwa kwa chotchinga chilichonse cha dziko kaamba ka kuyenda mwaufulu kwa malikulu ndi malonda. Ilo linapeลตa, monga lachikale, makhalidwe a chilungamo cha anthu, mabungwe a anthu, (monga umoyo wa anthu); boma linkawoneka ngati cholepheretsa, vuto, osati njira yothetsera. Ronald Reagan ndi Margaret Thatcher anasintha njira ya dziko. Thatcher ananena motchuka kuti: โPalibe chinthu chonga anthu. Pali anthu okha basiโ. Reagan poyambirira ankafuna kuthetsa unduna wa zamaphunziroโฆ.
Chabwino, tsopano mtolankhani aliyense akupeza kuti Brexit ndi Donald Trump ndi zotsatira za kupanduka kwa omwe akuzunzidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti nthawi zambiri amapita kumanja, kupatulapo zochepa, monga Podemos ku Spain kapena Bernie Sanders ku US. Sanders akutsutsa kuti "zaka 15 zapitazi, pafupifupi mafakitale 60.000, ndi ntchito zolipira bwino zopitirira 4.8 miliyoni zasowa, chifukwa mapangano owopsa a malonda alimbikitsa mabungwe kuti asamukire kumayiko omwe amalandila malipiro ochepa", amatsutsana ndi zomwe anthu osankhika amachita. ndipo akatswiri azachuma samakambirana nkomwe. Malonda aulere ndi injini yakukula., ndipo ziwerengero zilipo kuti zitsimikizire. Vuto, akupitirizabe Sanders โnโlakuti antchito achimuna apakatikati tsopano akupanga madola 726 ocheperapo poyerekezera ndi mu 1973, ndipo wapakati wantchito wamkazi akupanga $1.1.54 kucheperapo kuposa mu 2007. Ndipo pafupifupi Achimereka 47 miliyoni tsopano ali muumphaลตi. Panthawiyi, gawo limodzi mwa khumi mwa 1 peresenti ya Achimereka opambana, tsopano ali ndi 90 peresenti ya pansi. Anthu 62 olemera kwambiri padzikoli ali ndi chuma chochuluka kuposa theka la anthu onse padziko lapansi: pafupifupi anthu 3.6 biliyoni.โ
Sanders anatiika pamavuto: "Kusinthaku kudzabwera chifukwa cha nkhanza, tsankho komanso malingaliro odana ndi olowa, kudana ndi anthu ochokera kumayiko ena, kudana ndi anthu ochokera kumayiko ena komanso kukonda anthu pokhapokha ngati Purezidenti watsopano atathandizira mwamphamvu mgwirizano wapadziko lonse womwe ukuyandikitsa anthu padziko lonse lapansi, kuchepetsa kunyanyira komanso kuchepetsa kuthekera kwankhondo. : ndipo koposa zonse, izi zidzateteza anthu ogwira ntchito, osati anthu apamwamba okha. โ
Choncho vuto si kuti kudalirana kwa mayiko kumabweretsa kukula. Vuto ndilakuti Boma lasiya msika wosayendetsedwa ndi malamulo, popanda kugawanso. Nโchifukwa chiyani anthu osiyidwa angavotere nzeru za dongosolo lino, pamene iwo ali ozunzidwa?
Injini ya mtundu uwu wa kukula wakhala Dyera. Tsopano, mantha omwe Sanders amadzutsa akhazikitsidwa kale ku Europe. Kusamuka kwakhala kukuyambitsa, pakati pa mantha a chikhalidwe chosiyana, kuchokera ku uchigawenga kupita ku kusintha kwa nyengo, kuchokera ku chakudya choipa mpaka kuchepa kwa ntchito za anthu. N'zosavuta kukwera mantha ndi mkwiyo, ndipo Europe akudziwa bwino izi: izo zinachitika mu thirties, ndipo Hitler anachoka ku Ulaya anawonongedwa.
Mndandanda wa referendum tsopano ukufulumizitsa kutha kwa demokalase. Mu Brexit, 70% ya anthu adavota. Izi zikutanthauza kuti 36% adapanga ambiri: nzika imodzi mwa atatu. Malinga ndi European Council of External Relations, pali ma referendum 32 oitanidwa m'maiko 18 a EU. Ndipo tsopano pali zipani za ndale za 47 zomwe zimagawana maudindo odana ndi Ulaya. Pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu mwa mayiko 28 omwe ali mamembala, iwo ali m'gulu la migwirizano ya boma, ndipo kutuluka kwawo kwakhala kukukakamiza zipani zachikhalidwe kuti zitenge mbali zina zomwe zili nawo. Ma referendum amakhala ngati veto. EU idzakumana ndi vuto lalikulu kuchokera ku ndondomeko ya vetocracy iyi ...
Lingaliro la mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso ndendende malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, lakhazikika pa kuvomereza mfundo ndi zikhalidwe zomwe nzika zimamverera kuti ndi anthu komanso kutenga nawo gawo. Ndi pamaziko amenewo kuti mabungwe amitundu amavomereza kutula ena mwaulamuliro wawo. Amawona kuti imakulitsa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ku mapangano ndi mapangano, omwe amawonetsa malingaliro awo ndi zokonda zawo m'dziko la mgwirizano padziko lonse lapansi. Malamulo apadziko lonse ndi mgwirizano anali malingaliro atsopano, akutuluka phulusa la Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. United Nations inali chipangizo chomwe sichinachitikepo kuti pakhale mtendere ndi mgwirizano wokhalitsa: ndipo pang'ono pang'ono, lingaliro la European Union, ndipo ili ngati bungwe lapamwamba, osati bungwe logwirizana ndi maboma, monga UN. Kunali kupyolera mu UN kuti ngozi za Cold War zinayikidwa pansi pa ulamuliro wamtundu wina. Kupyolera mu UN kuti njira yochotsera koloni idayendetsedwa. UN inali maziko a maubwenzi a kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi, ndi chitukuko cha filosofi yake, ndi kugawana malamulo a mayiko monga chida cha zokambirana, ndi chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, kutenga nawo mbali ndi demokalase, zozikidwa pa zokambirana ndi mgwirizano, kuti zikhale zokhalitsa. mtendere ndi chitukuko cha anthu kupindula kwatsopano kwa anthu.
Chabwino, zonsezi zinayenda bwino, mpaka mu 1981 mu Summit of Cancun. Reagan ndi Thatcher adabweretsanso lingaliro loti demokalase yapadziko lonse lapansi inali chinyengo chopanda chilungamo. Regan adafunsa kwa mkulu wina wa mayiko, omwe adabwera kudzakambirana momwe angapititsire mgwirizano: chifukwa chiyani dziko langa liyenera kukhala ndi ufulu womwewo womwe San Marino? Tiyeni tibwererenso ku ndondomeko yomwe mayiko angathe kuteteza zofuna zawo popanda kumangidwa ndi mfundo ndi mapangano. Kuchokera pa iwo, UN idataya ukulu wake. Mphamvu zazikulu zinachotsa malonda, imodzi mwa injini ziwiri za kudalirana kwa mayiko. Injini ina, yazachuma, sinali ku New York, koma ku Washington. Bungwe la Un linangotsala ndi nkhani za chikhalidwe cha anthu, zosafunikira kwenikweni, Pamene Boutros Boutros-Ghali anayesera kubweretsanso mphamvu zina ku sekretariat; kusankhidwa kwake kukhala mlembi wamkulu wa UN kudavoteredwa ndi US. Njira yomweyi ndi JunckerโฆBoutros-Ghali adapangidwa kukhala mbuzi yowaza ndi Bill Clinton, yemwe anali mu kampeni yake yachisankho. UN idakonza zoukira ku Somalia kuti abweretse mtendere ndi chakudya. Izi zidachitidwa pansi pa pempho la US, malangizo a US ndi ulamuliro wa US. Posakhalitsa, Boutros-Ghali adawonedwa kuti ndiye adayambitsa kulephera, pomwe US โโakuwoneka ngati wozunzidwa ndi UN. Juncker tsopano wapangidwa kukhala wotsogolera Brexit ndi Germany, yemwe ndondomeko yake yazachuma komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwachuma kwakhumudwitsa ambiri omwe akutuluka ku Europe.
Dziko la pambuyo pa zikhulupiriro, lomwe latsagana ndi kudalirana kwa mayiko, lasintha zipani zandale kukhala makina a maganizo a anthu, otsogozedwa kuti athetse mavuto a utsogoleri. Nzika zikusiya mabungwe opanda masomphenya, komwe andale akuwoneka kuti ali ndi chidwi ndi kupitiriza kwawo, ndipo zida zovotera ndi zotsatsa zalowa m'malo mwa zokambirana ndi nzika. Miyezo yazimiririka pamkangano wandale. Nkhani zapadziko lonse zasiya nyumba yamalamulo ya dziko kukhala yosafunikira. Sipanakhale kuyankha kwapadziko lonse pazachuma (madola 4 thililiyoni mu paradiso wandalama), omwe alibe bungwe loyang'anira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo amasuntha nthawi 40 ndalama zambiri zomwe chuma chenicheni cha kupanga ndi ntchito. Yankho limodzi lapadera linali kuyankha kwapadziko lonse pakusintha kwanyengo, komwe kuli kowopsa ku moyo wa anthu. Koma yankho limenelo ndilosakwaniraโฆ
Maphwando azikhalidwe ayesa kuyimitsa kutsika kwawo potenga zikwangwani za zipani zatsopanozi. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri ndi Austria, kumene magulu awiri achikhalidwe adasintha malingaliro awo pazakusamuka. Chotsatira chake chinali chovomerezeka kudana ndi alendo. Mapiko akumanja kwambiri adatayika chifukwa cha mavoti 36.000 okha, ndipo chisankho chatsopano chomwe chimayitanitsa zolakwika chikhoza kuwoneka tsopano chigonjetso chake.
Ziyenera kuonekeratu kuti pazaka zonsezi pakhala pakuchitika masewera opanda udindo. Ngati china chake sichinayende bwino, chinali vuto la EU. Chilichonse chimene chinayenda bwino chinali chotsatira cha mfundo za dziko. Monga aliyense wamkati akudziwa, ndi Bungwe, komwe mayiko omwe ali mamembala amayimilira, omwe amasankha njira ndi ndondomeko. Komitiyi ndiyomwe imagwira ntchitoโฆkokha ndi European Central Bank (yokwiya kwambiri kuchokera ku Germany) ndi European Court of Justice (kumene Cameron adalengeza kuti UK ikufuna kuchoka, ngakhale Brexit isanachitike,) ali ndi mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri mdziko muno. Zoyesayesa zonse za maiko omwe ali mโbungweli zakhala zopezera ulamuliro wochuluka monga momwe kungathekere. Ndipo tsopano tikukakamizika kulemba Juncker chitetezo ... ngati achoka pazifukwa zolakwika ...
Komabe pambuyo pake, munthu wofooka monga kale, adzawonekera. Ku UN, woyimira wamkulu ndi Irina Bokova, DG wotuluka wa Unesco, osasangalatsa kwambiri kuposa azimayi ena onse omwe akufuna. Chifukwa chake, kuti tiwone komwe tili tsopano, pakuchepa kwa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi: kodi lero US ingalonjeza kupereka ndalama 25% ya bajeti yanthawi zonse ya UN, monga idachitira pakukhazikitsidwa kwake? Kodi Universal Declaration of Human Rights idzavomerezedwa? Ndipo potsiriza, kodi kukanakhala kotheka kusaina Pangano la Rome, la 1947, kumene masomphenya a United Europe anavomerezedwa mogwirizana? Maboma angavutike kuyankha. Tangoganizani anthuโฆ
Roberto Savio ndi woyambitsa komanso purezidenti wotuluka wa bungwe lazofalitsa nkhani la Inter Press Service (IPS) komanso wofalitsa Nkhani Zina.