Chitsime: Chowonadi
Pamene Robert Marbut Jr. - wodzitcha "mlangizi wosowa pokhala" - adatchulidwa ndi Purezidenti Trump kuti atsogolere US Interagency Council on Homelessness (USICH) mkati mwa Disembala, omenyera ufulu wokhala ndi anthu osowa pokhala ndi owatsatira adanjenjemera, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Marbut akukhulupirira kuti kupatsa anthu malo ogona osayamba kuthana ndi mavuto amisala kapena amthupi ndi kukakamiza.
Ali ndi lingaliro lofananalo lopereka chakudya kwa anthu omwe akusowa pokhala ndipo walimbikitsa madera kuti asiye "kuthandiza" osowa pokhala powapatsa chakudya chaulere m'misewu yamzindawu. Kuphatikiza apo, amathandizira kuti zikhale zoletsedwa kugona m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, kuchokera kumapaki kupita kumisewu. M'malo mwake, a Marbut adalimbikitsa kuyang'ana kwa apolisi kuti athetse kusowa pokhala.
Marbut sakutaya nthawi kulimbikitsa ndondomeko yolangayi. Pa tsiku la kuikidwa kwake Adapereka mawu omwe adafotokoza momveka bwino kuti monga mkulu wa USICH, alimbikitsa magulu othandizira anthu osowa pokhala "omwe amaphatikiza wapolisi ndi wogwira ntchito zachitukuko kuti athandize anthu omwe ali ndi kusowa pokhala kuti athe kuchira komanso kulandira chithandizo."
Izi zakhala njira ya Marbut kuyambira 2006. Monga pulezidenti woyambitsa San Antonio, Texas, malo obisalamo otchedwa Haven for Hope, malo okwana maekala 22 omwe amatumikira anthu pafupifupi 1,700 patsiku, Marbut anakhazikitsa lamulo loti anthu opanda undomiced anali. kupeza ufulu wogona m'nyumba. Amene analephera kuyezetsa mankhwala kapena kuswa lamulo anayenera kutero kugona m'bwalo lotseguka, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo. Iye pambuyo pake adalimbikitsa ndondomekoyi monga mlangizi wa mabungwe othandizira anthu ku Daytona ndi St. Petersburg, Florida; Salt Lake City, Utah; ndi Fresno, California.
Tsopano, monga mkulu wa Interagency Council, bungwe la feduro lazaka 33 lomwe linapangidwa kuti ligwirizanitse zisankho za ndalama ndi ndondomeko za madipatimenti a boma 19 kuphatikizapo Commerce, Education, Labor and Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Marbut adzayang'anira ntchito zonse za federal. kuthana ndi kusowa pokhala. Alinso wokonzeka kuchita zofuna za Trump. Cholinga? Kuthetsa misasa ya anthu opanda pokhala m'matauni ndi kupereka ndalama zowonjezera kwa mabungwe oyendetsa malamulo.
Othandizira osowa pokhala ndi ogwirizana nawo akuwopa kuti izi zipangitsa kuti anthu omwe amakhala m'misewu akhale olakwa ndikupangitsa moyo wawo kukhala wovuta kwambiri. Nkhawa zawo zili ndi maziko abwino.
Ngakhale Marbut asanatenge utsogoleri wa USICH, kupha anthu osowa pokhala kunali chizolowezi.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti ngakhale Marbut asanatenge utsogoleri wa USICH, kupha anthu osowa pokhala kunali chizolowezi. Mwachitsanzo, apolisi aku Boston, Massachusetts, adayambitsa Operation Clean Sweep mu Ogasiti 2019, ndipo adalanda ndikuwononga mipando ya olumala ya anthu olumala komanso opanda pokhala. Mizinda ina - kuphatikiza Baton Rouge, Chicago, Greensboro, New York, Portland, Reno, Salt Lake City ndi Seattle - akhazikitsa mfundo zopangitsa kuti kuphatikizika m'magalasi oimikapo magalimoto, malo oimikapo magalimoto kapena malo opezeka anthu kukhala mlandu. Momwemonso, kulepheretsa msewu kapena njira ina yodutsamo kwachititsa kuti apolisi azizunza anthu opanda pokhala - komanso nthawi zina nkhanza - komanso kumangidwa pafupifupi kulikonse mdziko.
Omenyera Nkhondo
Oyimira milandu amatsutsa kuti kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu osowa pokhala ndi nkhanza komanso zolakwika. Iwo amaonanso kuti kulimbikitsa anthu kuti azitsatira malamulo sikungathandize kuthetsa umphawi, kuthetsa vuto la nyumba zotsika mtengo, kapenanso kuthandiza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri osowa pokhala. Kuonjezera apo, ndondomekoyi imalepheretsa zosowa za mabanja osowa pokhala ndi ana omwe sakhala nawo omwe pakali pano amasambira, amakhala mowirikiza kawiri kapena katatu, kapena kugona m'magalimoto, njanji zapansi panthaka, kapena malo osungira.
Ochita ziwonetsero amanenanso kuti poyang'ana "kuyeretsa misewu ya mumzinda" pochotsa anthu opanda pokhala - anthu omwe Trump amawaona ngati "zonyansa"Kuwopseza chitetezo cha anthu ndi thanzi - boma likuwulula kusamvetsetsa kwakukulu kwa zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anthu azikhala opanda nyumba yokhazikika.
"Makampani osowa pokhala amalingalira kuti kukhala kunja kwa nyengo ndi chinthu choipa kwambiri chomwe chingachitike kwa munthu, koma zoona zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri pamene muli ndi denga pamutu panu, koma mukuvutitsidwa. wina kapena kuzunzidwa mwanjira ina, "Barbara Duffield, wamkulu wa School House Connection, bungwe la Washington, DC lomwe limathandiza ana osowa pokhala kumaliza sukulu, adatero. Wopanda.
Mamiliyoni a mabanja alibe nyumba zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zomwe zasokoneza kwambiri maphunziro a anthu.
Mabanja omwe amachoka panyumba chifukwa cha nkhanza zapakhomo kapena kugwiriridwa nthawi zambiri amasiyidwa akungokhalira kukangana, koma Duffield akupitilizabe, zosowa zawo nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa ndi mabungwe aboma. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti HUD, kwa zaka zambiri, yakhala ikuwerengera mabanja osowa pokhala ndi ana osayenda nawo, anthu omwe amakhala mumithunzi, akupewa misewu ndi malo ogona.
Mabanja Analimbana ndi Akuluakulu Osakwatiwa
Pansi pa ndondomeko yamakono, HUD imachita zomwe zimatchedwa "point in time" kafukufuku, kutuluka kamodzi mu Januwale kuti awerenge chiwerengero cha anthu okhala kunja kapena m'misasa. Amene ali m'mamotelo kapena m'mahotela, pansi kapena m'mabedi a abwenzi kapena achibale, kapena okhala m'magalimoto, njira zapansi panthaka kapena malo osungira sizikuphatikizidwa muzowerengera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusowa kwawo kumakhala kosawoneka.
Cara Baldari, wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Family Economics, Housing and Homelessness at First Focus, adauza Wopanda kuti izi “zimasonyeza kusazindikira za moyo wa mabanja opeza ndalama zochepa ndi opanda pokhala okhala ndi ana. Anthu omwe amapanga malamulo aboma sagwira ntchito pansi ndipo samamvetsetsa kusowa pokhala kwa mabanja. ”
Akadadziwitsidwa bwino, akupitilizabe, akadadziwa kuti chiwerengerocho chimanyalanyaza mfundo yoti malo okhala nthawi zambiri amakhala odzaza kapena amawoneka ngati osatetezeka, njira yomaliza ya mabanja masauzande ambiri opanda pokhala. Ndipo, akuwonjezera kuti, si mudzi uliwonse uli ndi pogona; matauni ang'onoang'ono, midzi yakumidzi ndi madera akumidzi nthawi zambiri alibe malo osakhalitsa.
Zowopsa zina ziliponso: Osamukira kumayiko ena opanda zikalata amatha kuda nkhawa kuti adzalandidwa udindo wolera ana awo akafuna thandizo, pomwe madera ambiri amitundu ali ndi vuto lolumikizana ndi osamalira ana kapena aboma.
Pulogalamu ya Head Start yokha inanena kuti chiwerengero cha ana osowa pokhala chinali pafupi kuwirikiza kawiri pakati pa 2007 ndi 2016.
Komabe, kaya awerengedwa ndi HUD kapena ayi, mabanja mamiliyoni ambiri alibe nyumba zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zomwe zakhudza kwambiri maphunziro a anthu.
M'malo mwake, ogwira ntchito m'masukulu aboma m'dziko lonselo anena za kuchuluka kwa kulembetsa kwa ophunzira osowa pokhala pamlingo uliwonse, pre-K mpaka giredi 12. Pulogalamu ya Head Start yokha idazindikira izi chiŵerengero cha ana opanda pokhala chinaŵirikiza pafupifupi kaŵiri pakati pa 2007 ndi 2016.
Kafukufuku wina watsimikizira izi. Kafukufuku wa 2017 wopangidwa ndi ofufuza omwe adalembedwa ndi Chapin Hall ku Yunivesite ya Chicago adapeza kuti pafupifupi Achinyamata 4.2 miliyoni osatsagana nawo adasowa pokhala pa nthawi ya miyezi 12. Iwo analemba kuti zimenezi n’zoposa ana a zaka 1.5 miliyoni azaka zakusukulu amene anavomerezedwa Lipoti la pachaka la HUD la Homelessness Assessment.
Koma tiyeni tiyiwale manambala kwakanthawi ndikuyang'ana kwambiri zotsatira za kusowa pokhala kwa ana ndi mabanja.
Carol Hornbeck, wothandizira mabanja ku Minneapolis, adatero Wopanda kuti “ana ambiri osowa pokhala akumana kale ndi vuto limodzi laubwana monga kusoŵa chakudya kosatha, chisudzulo, kapena kugwiriridwa kapena kugwiriridwa. Kupsinjika maganizo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa iwo kudziyimira okha, kufika ndi kupempha thandizo, makamaka ngati akulimbana ndi nkhawa kapena kudzikayikira. " Chowonjezera ichi, akuwonjezera kuti, ndi njira yomwe maboma amakono amasala kusowa pokhala. Hornbeck anati: “Ana akamamva oimira boma akukambirana njira zochitira kusowa pokhala, manyazi, kuthedwa nzeru ndi kupanda chiyembekezo zimakula.”
Trish Tereskiewicz amadziwa bwino malingaliro awa. Tereskiewicz anakhala m’galimoto yake milungu itatu pambuyo poti anasemphana maganizo ndi munthu wina amene ankagona naye limodzi moti anathawa m’nyumba yake ya ku Wheaton, Maryland. Ngakhale adatha kupeza chipinda chapansi chotsika mtengo mwachangu, akuti kumva Trump ndi Marbut akufotokoza anthu omwe akusowa pokhala kuti ndi "chonyansa" komanso "chochititsa manyazi" chakhala chikuyambitsa. Iye anati: “Zimakuchititsani kudziona kuti ndinu wopanda pake, ngati munthu wosafunika. Zimakukwiyitsaninso chifukwa mukudziwa kuti ndinu ndani, ndinu ndani, ndipo mukudziwa kuti palibe amene amasankha kusowa pokhala.
"Achinyamata osowa pokhala akamva Trump akuwauza kuti ndi onyansa, kudzidalira kwawo kumachepa ndipo ambiri amabisala. Uku ndi kupwetekedwa mtima. "
Ana, achinyamata ndi achikulire omwe amakhudzidwanso chimodzimodzi. Ana ena osowa pokhala amachita zinthu ndipo amatsekeredwa m’ndende kapena kuimitsidwa kapena kuchotsedwa sukulu, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri amaloŵera m’mapaipi opita kusukulu kupita kundende. Ena amavutika kutchera khutu, kumaliza ntchito zawo ndi kuyanjana ndi anzawo. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti ana osowa pokhala amakhala ndi chiŵerengero chosiya kusukulu mopitirira wapakati komanso chiwopsezo chokwera cha anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala oledzeretsa komanso kudwala m'maganizo ndi m'thupi.
Kumva Trump ndi akuluakulu ena osankhidwa akulankhula za anthu opanda pokhala monyozetsa, ngati kuti kulephera kwawo kupeza nyumba ndi mlandu, kumawonjezera kupsinjika maganizo komwe amakumana nako.
Duffield akufotokoza kuti ana amadziwa pamene kusalidwa kumawonjezeka. "Achinyamata osowa pokhala akamva Trump akuwauza kuti ndi onyansa, kudzidalira kwawo kumachepa ndipo ambiri amabisala. Uku ndi kupwetekedwa mtima. "
Ndipo zikukhudza kuchuluka kwa ophunzira.
Malinga ndi American Public Media, pakati pa 2009 ndi 2019, panali chiwonjezeko cha 70 peresenti m’chiŵerengero cha ana opanda pokhala opita kusukulu zaboma. Ambiri amakhala otsalira kale panthawi yomwe amalembetsa ku sukulu ya mkaka ndipo amachitiridwa nkhanza pamitengo yoposa ophunzira omwe ali ndi nyumba zokwanira.
Ndalama za McKinney-Vento ndizosakwanira
Lamulo la McKinney-Vento Act, lomwe lakhala likugwira ntchito kuyambira 1987, limayenera kuwongolera izi popereka ndalama kusukulu iliyonse yaboma yokhala ndi ophunzira opanda pokhala. Avereji yoperekedwa kwa mwana aliyense wopanda pokhala ndi $70. Chitsanzo chimodzi chokha chingakhale chokwanira kusonyeza kusakwanira kwa makonzedwe ameneŵa. Mu 2018, boma la Washington lidalandira thandizo la $ 1.1 miliyoni la McKinney-Vento koma adawononga pafupifupi $ 32 miliyoni kunyamula ophunzira kupita ndi kubwerera kusukulu - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti apeze ndalama zochulukirapo zamisonkho kapena opereka apadera kuti athetse vutoli. Onjezani ndalama zofunika pa upangiri, kuphunzitsa, ndi chithandizo china ndipo kuchuluka kwachuma kumawonekera.
Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti masukulu akugwetsa manja osachita kalikonse. Diane Nilan, mkulu wa bungwe la HEAR US, gulu la zaka 15 la kulikulu ku Illinois lomwe limapanga mafilimu ndi mavidiyo onena za kusowa pokhala kwa achinyamata ndi mabanja, akutsindika kuti mayanjano ambiri a sukulu akupita patsogolo kuti akwaniritse zosowa za ophunzira opanda pokhala.
United Teachers Los Angeles ndi Chicago Teachers Union Local 1 apanga chithandizo chowonjezereka kwa ophunzira osowa pokhala ndi mabanja awo kukhala chinthu chokambirana.
Nilan anati: “Munthu akamathandiza mwana zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamoyo wake, amaona kuti ndi wofunika. “Kupereka zipangizo zomwe banja silingakwanitse—jasi lachisanu, chipewa ndi magolovesi; zimbudzi; thaulo, sopo ndi shampoo; nsapato za mpira kuti mwana akhale m'gulu - zimapanga kusiyana kwakukulu, ndipo zimathandiza mabanja kuti aziwoneka ndi kumvetsetsedwa" ngakhale sizingakonze vuto lawo kapena kuwapatsa malo otsika mtengo okhalamo.
Mabungwe a aphunzitsi nawonso akuchita zomwe angathe. Onse a United Teachers Los Angeles ndi Chicago Teachers Union Local 1 apanga chithandizo chowonjezereka kwa ophunzira osowa pokhala ndi mabanja awo kukhala chinthu chokambirana, ponena kuti kusowa kwa nyumba zotsika mtengo kumalepheretsa kuphunzitsa ndi kuphunzira.
Karen Alford ndi wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa sukulu za pulayimale komanso munthu wofunikira kwambiri pa United Federation of Teachers' United Community Schools (UCS) ku New York City. UCS, Alford adanena Wopanda, abweretsa anthu ena ogwira ntchito m’sukulu 31 za anthu wamba mu mzinda wonsewo kuti athandize ana osowa pokhala.
"Kwa ana ambiri opanda pokhala, sukulu imakhala malo okhazikika, malo opatulika," adatero Alford. "Chikhoza kukhala chinthu chokhacho chokhazikika m'miyoyo yawo, chokhazikika m'dziko lachisokonezo."
Ntchito ya UCS imasiyana malinga ndi zosowa za ophunzira. PA PS 1 ku Chinatown ku Manhattan, mwachitsanzo, wogwira ntchito ku UCS adapanga Gulu la Atsikana kuti athandizire anzawo. Ku PS 52 ku Queens, pasukulu yomwe ophunzira amaphatikiza ana ochokera m'malo 10 osiyanasiyana, adapeza ndalama zogulira mayunifomu asukulu kuti mwana aliyense azivala zomwezo kusukulu, mosasamala kanthu za ndalama zabanja lawo kapena momwe amakhala. M’masukulu ena akhazikitsa malo osungiramo zakudya, amaika zochapira ndi zowumitsira zovala kuti zovala zizikhala zaukhondo, ndipo amamanga zipinda zosinkhasinkha kuti zithandize ophunzira osowa pokhala kupeza mpumulo ku nkhawa.
Agwiranso ntchito yodziwitsa anthu ogwira ntchito kusukulu. “Ana omwe ali m’malo ogona nthawi zambiri sachedwa chifukwa amafunikira kukwera basi kuti abwerere kumalo obisalirako, motero aphunzitsi akulimbikitsidwa kuti ayambe kuchita zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti aliyense athe kutenga nawo mbali. Taonetsetsanso kuti m’nyumba zogonamo muli mabuku amene ophunzira akugwiritsa ntchito m’kalasi kuti kumaliza ntchito ya kunyumba kukhale kosavuta.”
Federal Aid ndiyokayikitsa kuti imachokera ku boma lomwe likufuna kupha anthu osowa pokhala ndikulimbikitsa apolisi kuti awamange pamilandu yaying'ono.
Zoyesayesa zofunika izi, ngakhale zitakhala zazikulu, zikungocheperachepera pang'ono, zomwe omenyera mgwirizano ndi ochirikiza amavomereza. Chofunikira ndi thandizo la federal, chinthu chomwe sichingabwere kuchokera ku boma lomwe likuwoneka kuti likufunitsitsa kupha anthu osowa pokhala ndikulimbikitsa apolisi kuti awamange pamilandu yaying'ono.
Komabe, mpaka kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kakuchitika, First Focus's Baldari ikugogomezera kuti pali njira zingapo zomwe zingapangitse kusiyana. Choyamba, akuti, ndi Census ya 2020. Iye anati: “Mu 2010, ana 2 miliyoni anasowa. “Izi zinachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Anthu ena anali osamala kuti asaphatikizepo mwana yemwe sanali pachibale. Ena ankaopa kuphatikizirapo anthu amene sanali pa lendi yawo. Mabanja okhala ndi mapangano ogwirizana olera ana kaŵirikaŵiri anali kusokonezeka ponena za amene angatenge mwanayo.”
Izi zinali ndi zotsatira zenizeni. Ku Florida kokha, Orlando Sentinel Malipoti akuti boma limataya pafupifupi $67.5 miliyoni pachaka. Zonse zanenedwa, Maiko 36 onse pamodzi ataya $550 miliyoni m’ndalama za Medicaid, Inshuwalansi ya Zaumoyo wa Ana, chisamaliro cha ana oleredwa ndi ana olera ana m’chaka chimodzi. Zofunika, Baldari akuwonjezera, ndi zazikulu kuyambira pamenepo mazana a mapulogalamu amadalira deta ya Census kuti apeze ndalama ndipo pakakhala zochepa amapatsidwa ndalama zochepa.
First Focus ikupitiriza kulimbikira kuti pakhale mfundo zambiri zokomera ana, zokomera banja n'chifukwa chake asonkhanitsa gulu la US Child Poverty Action Group. Kampeni ya End Child Poverty-US ikuphatikizapo mabungwe ambiri, kuphatikizapo Child Welfare League of America, American Academy of Pediatrics, HEAR US ndi School House Connection.
Cholinga ndi kuchepetsa umphawi wa ana a m’banja ndi 50 peresenti pofika chaka cha 2030.
“HUD yanyalanyaza kusowa pokhala kwa mabanja ndi achichepere kwa zaka zambiri,” akutero Diane Nilan. “Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ana amene alibe pokhala amakhala akuluakulu opanda pokhala. Koma pamene mabanja kapena achinyamata ali pafupi ndi anthu omwe amawasamalira, zimakhala ngati mankhwala opweteka omwe akukumana nawo. Trump ndi Marbut onse ali ndi malingaliro odana. Njira yokhayo yothanirana ndi vutoli idzakhala kuyesetsa kufupikitsa mfundo zawo ndi zolankhula zawo. ”
Zindikirani: Nkhaniyi yasinthidwa kuti ikonze zolakwika zolembedwa mu mawu ochokera kwa Barbara Duffield.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama