Ophunzira a ku Finland akalembetsa kusukulu ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri, angayembekezere kuchita makalasi atatu kapena anayi patsiku. Pali nthawi yopuma pafupipafupi, komanso kupuma kwa mphindi 20 tsiku lililonse. Komanso, sukulu ikatha, sipamakhala ntchito yomaliza kunyumba. Komabe, ophunzira a ku Finland nthawi zonse amakhala m'gulu la anthu ochita bwino kwambiri pa kuwerenga, masamu ndi sayansi.
Akatswiri fotokozani izi kwa otsika a dziko (peresenti 5.8) kuchuluka kwa umphawi, dongosolo lachitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, chiŵerengero cha ophunzira 12-1 ndi aphunzitsi, ndi makalasi omwe amaphatikizapo ophunzira omwe ali ndi zosowa zapadera m'makalasi a maphunziro apamwamba. Amawonanso kuti boma la Finnish limayamikira aphunzitsi ndipo limalimbikitsa antchito kuti aziika patsogolo mgwirizano, kumanga maukonde komanso kugawana njira zabwino.
Kusiyanitsa izi ndi United States. M’dziko lonselo, masukulu apulaimale ambiri athetsa nthawi yopuma. Ophunzira 1.3 pa 50.7 aliwonse amakhala mu umphawi ndipo pafupifupi XNUMX miliyoni mwa ophunzira XNUMX miliyoni a m'sukulu za boma alibe pokhala.
Ndiyeno pali homuweki, amene mochulukira anapatsidwa kwa ophunzira aang'ono ngati asanu. Ndipotu, pofika kusukulu ya sekondale, nthawi imene achinyamata amathera pa homuweki tsopano ndi maola atatu ndi mphindi 3 usiku uliwonse, kuchokera pa maola awiri ndi mphindi 58. wonjezani a 51 peresenti - pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi.
Chifukwa cha izi, atero aphunzitsi ndi oyang'anira homuweki, ndikukweza ophunzira ambiri aku US pamayeso okhazikika.
Sizinagwire ntchito. Ngakhale aphunzitsi opita patsogolo amavomereza kuti kuyezetsa sikokhako, kapenanso kopambana, kosonyeza bwino kwambiri zamaphunziro, zikudabwitsabe kuti US ili pa nambala 21 pazotsatira zamaphunziro pakati pa 34 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) mayiko omwe akupikisana nawo, pomwe Finland. amalowa Chachitatu.
Kwa iwo, National Education Association ndi National Parent Teacher Association amathandizira pogawira mphindi 10 za homuweki pagiredi iliyonse. Pansi pa lamuloli, ophunzirira kalasi yoyamba amapatsidwa homuweki osapitirira mphindi 10 patsiku, pomwe omaliza giredi 12 amapatsidwa mpaka maola awiri akugwira ntchito tsiku lililonse.
Koma masukulu ambiri anyalanyaza malingalirowa, ndi ana a sukulu ya mkaka, oyamba ndi achiwiri nthawi zambiri amapeza mphindi 25-30 za ntchito usiku uliwonse. Pakati pa ophunzira achikulire, ochita kafukufuku ali nawo adatchulidwa kuti ntchito zapakhomo zochulukirachulukira zachititsa kuwonjezereka kwa mutu wokhudzana ndi kupsinjika maganizo, kutopa, vuto la kugona ndi matenda a m'mimba. Amanenanso kuti zimathandizira kumwa mowa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kuthetsa Homuweki
Siziyenera kukhala chotere.
A Maphunziro a Yunivesite ya Duke adapeza kuti homuweki sikuthandiza kwenikweni kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro a pulayimale, zomwe zapangitsa kuti masukulu a K-6 awonongeke. California, Florida, Illinois, New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts ndi Vermont kuti mwina athetseretu homuweki kapena kuithetsa panthawi yopuma.
"Ana amada nkhawa kwambiri ndi sukulu, masukulu, anzawo, ziyembekezo za makolo komanso ziwopsezo komanso malingaliro okhudzana ndi kusintha kwanyengo," Nancy Romer, womenyera ufulu wa New York City komanso pulofesa wakale wa psychology ku Brooklyn College, adatero. Wopanda. “Ana ambiri amakhala m’malo a chiwonongeko chimene chikubwera.”
Wonjezeraninso zodetsa nkhawa zina—zokhudza chiwawa cha mfuti, tsankho laufuko, nkhanza za apolisi ndi nkhanza zachisembwere—ndipo n’zachidziŵikire kuti ophunzira amisinkhu yonse ali ndi chifukwa chabwino chokhalira amantha ndi kuda nkhaŵa.
Koma kodi kuchotsa homuweki kungathetseretu gawo laling'ono la equation yomwe imayambitsa nkhawa, kukulitsa chipambano chamaphunziro ndikukweza mtima?
Upside to Homuweki
Jessie Winslow amaphunzitsa maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu a kalasi yachisanu ndi chimodzi ku Ephraim Curtis Middle School ku Sudbury, Massachusetts, dera lolemera lomwe limakhala ndi ndalama zapakatikati zopitirira $170,000.
Winslow amavomereza kuti ophunzira ake akubwera kusukulu ali ndi nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa kwambiri kuposa magulu am'mbuyomu ophunzira. Ngakhale zili choncho, akuti akuona kuti akutsutsana ndi lingaliro lodumpha homuweki chifukwa akuganiza kuti pofika kusukulu ya pulayimale, ophunzira azigwira ntchito yodziyimira pawokha kunyumba. "Homuweki imaphunzitsa kusamala nthawi ndi luso lina lothana ndi vutoli," akupitiriza. "Ana awa adzakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zingawakhumudwitse ndipo ayenera kudziwa momwe angachitire."
Virginia Naughton, agogo a ku Brooklyn, New York, akuti amawona homuweki monga njira yolunjika yodziwira zomwe zikuchitika pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa ana. “Homuweki ndi njira yongokhalira kugunda, poyambira, kukambirana za makalasi, mabwenzi akusukulu ndi china chilichonse chimene chikuchitika,” iye akutero.
Sid Kivanoski, mphunzitsi wopuma pantchito posachedwapa pa imodzi mwa sukulu zapamwamba zapamwamba zopikisana kwambiri ku New York City, amalimbikitsanso ntchito ya kunyumba. Iye akufotokoza kuti chifukwa New York ophunzira ndi kupambana Regents mayeso English, masamu, sayansi ndi maphunziro chikhalidwe kupeza dipuloma, kupatsa homuweki amaonetsetsa Kuphunzira zinthu zimene zingaoneke pa mayeso, koma kuti sanathe adiresi m'kalasi.
Iye anati: “Ndinkawapatsanso homuweki kuti aganizire zinthu zimene tidzakambirana mawa lake, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chimene ankaganiza kuti dziko la United States linamenya nkhondo ku Vietnam.
Zolepheretsa Kumaliza Homuweki
Komabe, Kivanoski akudziwa kuti ophunzira ake ambiri anakumana ndi mavuto aakulu pomaliza utumiki wawo. “Ndinali ndi mwana mmodzi amene ankadzuka 2 koloko m’maŵa kuti agwire ntchito yapanyumba chifukwa nthaŵi imeneyi inali yokhayo pamene kunyumba kunali bata. Winanso ankapita ku laibulale popita kunyumba masana alionse pa chifukwa chomwecho. Anali malo okhawo amene akanatha kuganizira kwambiri.”
Momwemonso, mphunzitsi wasukulu ya pulayimale ku Chicago, Mariam Cosey, amawona momwe umphawi, njala, ndi nyumba zosatetezeka kapena zodzaza m'kalasi mwake zimachitikira m'kalasi mwake tsiku lililonse. "Nthawi zonse ndimapatsa ophunzira anga paketi yomwe angasankhe komwe angasankhe ntchito yakunyumba yomwe akufuna kumaliza - kupeza mawu kapena masewera a mawu, mapepala ogwirira ntchito, kapena ntchito zapadera - ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala kumapeto kwa sabata kapena Lolemba, kuwapatsa. mwayi woti achite," akuyamba. Komanso, nthawi zonse ndimaonetsetsa kuti pali chinachake chimene mwana aliyense angathe kuchita.
Amachita izi ngakhale a Chicago Board of Education akulamula zomwe ziyenera kuphunzitsidwa komanso kuchuluka kwa homuweki yomwe iyenera kuperekedwa pamlingo uliwonse. Kuphatikiza apo, Cosey amapereka zolimbikitsa kwa ophunzira ake kulimbikitsa kumaliza ntchito. Zolimbikitsazi zimamuthandiza Cosey kuwunika momwe wophunzira wina akuchitira paphunziro linalake, komanso kupereka zenera la zochitika zakunyumba kwa ophunzira ake. “Ana amatha kusankha mphoto zawo. Mwana akasankha magulovu pa maswiti, amandiuza zimene zikuchitika m’moyo wa mwanayo. Timakonda ophunzira awa, kuchapa nkhope zawo, kuwabweretsera zovala, ndipo ndife achifundo. Monga aphunzitsi, tikudziwa kuti ana amenewa amafunikira chikondi chowonjezereka ndipo timawapatsa.”
Ophunzira opanda pokhala amakumana ndi zopinga zazikulu akamaliza ntchito yawo. "Pali zopinga zambiri," a Barbara Duffield, mkulu wa bungwe SchoolHouse Connection, bungwe lolimbikitsa anthu ku Washington, DC lomwe likuyesetsa kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro a achinyamata opanda pokhala, adauza Wopanda. Ena ndi okhudzana ndi moyo, zopinga monga kusakhala ndi malo abata ophunzirira kapena kuchita homuweki, kapena kusakhala ndi kompyuta kapena intaneti.
“Koma kumbukirani,” Duffield akufotokoza motero, “14.4 peresenti yokha ya ophunzira opanda pokhala ndi amene amakhala m’nyumba. Ambiri ali m’mahotela kapena m’mamotelo, akuyenda kuchokera pabedi kupita pabedi, kapena akukhala m’misewu. Mosasamala kanthu za kumene akukhala, angakhale akusamaliranso makolo awo kapena ang’ono awo. Ambiri akuvutika kuti akhale otetezeka. Iwo angakhale akugwira ntchito maola 30 pamlungu pamene akupita kusukulu. Lingaliro lakuti ophunzira osowa pokhala ali ndi nthawi, malo ndi kusasinthasintha kwa phunziro labwino lapanyumba ndi lolakwika kwambiri. "
Izi ndi zomwe wophunzira waku San Diego State University Destiny Dickerson, yemwe adalandira maphunziro a SchoolHouse Connection (omwe amapereka maphunziro a sekondale kwa ophunzira omwe adasowa pokhala), amamvetsetsa bwino. Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, pamene Dickerson anali m’chaka chake choyamba kusukulu ya sekondale, banja lake linathamangitsidwa m’nyumba yawo ya zipinda zitatu zogona. Kwa kanthawi kochepa, adakhala ndi agogo ake aakazi, koma kuchulukana kwakukulu kunapangitsa kuti izi zisatheke ndipo banjali - ana anayi ndi akuluakulu awiri - adakhala m'malo ogona ndi mahotela angapo ku Rancho Cucamonga, California.
“Ndinkachita homuweki zambiri monga momwe ndikanathera kusukulu chifukwa panalibe chitsimikizo chakuti tidzakhala ndi WIFI kuhotela,” iye akufotokoza motero. “Kuwonjezera apo, mabuku anga onse anabedwa pamene munthu wina anathyola galimoto ya amayi anga. Makolo anga anatiuza kuti tisalankhule za kusowa kwathu pokhala chifukwa zinali zochititsa manyazi kuvomereza kuti nyumba yathu yatha, choncho palibe aliyense kusukulu amene ankadziwa kuti ndinalibe mabuku. Masiku ena ndinkapita ku laibulale kukachita homuweki yanga ndipo mahotela ena anali ndi kompyuta yogwirizana yomwe ndimatha kugwiritsa ntchito, koma nthawi zina ndinkaiwala kugwira ntchito chifukwa ndinkangoganizira kwambiri zimene zinkachitika kunja kwa kalasi. Ndinaphonyanso ntchito zimene zinaikidwa pa Intaneti chifukwa ndinalibe kompyuta yodalirika.”
Komabe, Dickerson anakhalabe ndi avareji ya B nthawi yonse ya kusekondale ndipo adanenanso kuti aphunzitsi ake adamva za vuto lake atapambana maphunziro a SchoolHouse Connection. “Anadabwa kwambiri,” akutero, “ndipo sukuluyo inachotsa ndalama zonse zolipirira mabuku obedwawo ndi kundithandiza kulipirira ntchito zonse za m’chaka chomaliza.”
Dickerson amadziona kuti ndi wamwayi - tsopano ali ndi nyumba yotsika mtengo, yokhazikika, yopanda pasukulupo, kompyuta ya laputopu komanso intaneti yokhazikika - ndipo akuyembekeza kumaliza maphunziro ake ndi digiri ya psychology mu 2022.
Homuweki kwa Makolo
Shomari Gallagher, kholo la ku Brooklyn, New York, ananena kuti ngakhale kuti amayamikira kuti homuweki imamuthandiza kudziwa zimene mwana wake wazaka 10 akuphunzira kusukulu, nthawi zambiri imapangitsanso makolo kukhala aphunzitsi. “Ngati homuweki ikulimbikitsa zimene anaphunzira kusukulu, chabwino,” iye akutero. Koma kuchititsa kuti ana asukulu azivutika kuti aphunzire zinthu zatsopano popanda kuphunzitsidwa ndi mphunzitsi, zimaoneka ngati zopanda chilungamo. Nthawi zina ndimayang'ana homuweki ya masamu ya mwana wanga ngati kuti ndi chilankhulo chachilendo ndipo ndimayenera kuwonera makanema a YouTube kuti amuthandize. Homuweki ndi chinthu chokhacho chomwe ine ndi mwana wanga timalimbana nacho. Kumapeto kwa tsiku la sukulu amakhala wotopa komanso wokhumudwa.”
Kukonzekera uku, Gallagher akupitiriza, kumakondanso makolo olemera, ophunzira bwino omwe amamvetsa kale nkhaniyi, kapena ali ndi nthawi, luso lofufuza komanso chilankhulo cha Chingerezi kuti athandize ana awo. Komanso, akukhulupirira kuti homuweki imakhala ndi ntchito yobisika: "Ndikuganiza kuti imaphunzitsa ana kukhala akuluakulu omwe amapita kuntchito kuntchito," akutero.
Njira Yosiyana
Mtsutso wokhudza mphamvu ya homuweki si wachilendo. Ngakhale zili choncho, US ili ndi njira yayitali yoti ipitirire kuti agwirizane.
Gin Langan, mayi komanso mphunzitsi wolowa m'malo ku Hayward, California, yemwenso ndi membala wokangalika wa Bad Ass Teachers Association, amatsutsa mosapita m'mbali za homuweki yochuluka. Komabe, adauza Truthout kuti ali ndi nkhawa chifukwa chosowa kukonzekera pankhaniyi.
“Anthu ambiri amalingalira kuti homuweki ndi chinthu choyenera kuchitidwa,” iye akuyamba. Ndimalankhula ndi anthu za izi nthawi zonse, ndipo nthawi zonse ndimatsindika za kusagwirizana pakati pa maphunziro. Ndimalankhula za mmene zilili zosayenera ndi zosathandiza kuti homuweki aziperekedwa m’magiredi otsika, ndi mmene zimakhalira zovuta kwa ana amene alibe malo abata ogwirira ntchito. Ndikukambilana chifukwa chake tikuyenera kuchoka ku paradigm yoyera yapakati. Koma makolo ambiri ali ndi mfundo yakuti homuweki n’njofunika kuti ana awo azichita zinthu mopikisana ndiponso kuti apite ku koleji yabwino.”
Choyipa kwambiri, akuti, m'malo ngati Fremont, California, chigawochi chalamula kuti homuweki iziperekedwa mkalasi iliyonse, K-12, mausiku asanu pa sabata.
Komabe, Langan amakhulupirira kuti kukambirana zowona zokhuza kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa homuweki ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yochotsera nzeru wamba.
Mwamwayi, ali ndi maphunziro a Duke University ndi kafukufuku wina woti atengepo.
Pepala loyera lopangidwa ndi Challenge Success, gulu lolimbikitsa zamaphunziro ku California, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zotere. Pepala, "Kusintha Makambirano Okhudza Homuweki kuchoka pa Kuchuluka ndi Kukwaniritsa Kufika pa Ubwino ndi Kuchita Zochita,” limapereka malingaliro otsimikizirika kwa masukulu, oyang'anira masukulu ndi makolo.
Aphunzitsi, pepalalo likumaliza, ayenera kupereka ntchito zomwe ophunzira angachite okha, popanda kulowererapo kwa akuluakulu. Komanso, akuti, ntchitoyi iyenera kukhala yotheka - osati yophweka, osati yovuta kwambiri, komanso yosadya nthawi - kuti ophunzira adziwe kuti achita bwino. Komanso, pepalali likusonyeza kuti alangizi afotokoze momveka bwino za ntchito imene anapatsidwa asananyamuke tsikulo, ndipo ayesetse kuika maganizo awo pa ntchito zimene sangathe kumaliza kusukulu.
Mwachitsanzo, pepalali likuwonetsa kuti ophunzira azifunsa mafunso omwe pambuyo pake adzagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba mbiri yapakamwa kapena kuwafunsa kuti atole zitsanzo za dothi kapena zida zina zoyeserera zasayansi. Potsirizira pake, amachenjeza za ntchito yotanganidwa, amalangiza "osachita homuweki usiku" kwa ana asukulu zapakati ndi kusekondale, ndikuthandizira kuthetsa ntchito zachilimwe ndi tchuthi.
Ponena za makolo, pepalalo limawakumbutsa kuti ana osiyanasiyana ali ndi masitayelo osiyanasiyana ophunzirira - komanso kuti sayenera kukweza njira imodzi kuposa ina. Kunena zowona: ana omwe amakonda kugwira ntchito yawo nthawi imodzi akangomaliza sukulu sakhala opambana kuposa ana omwe amakonda kupuma, kuimba nyimbo, kapena kumaliza ntchito usiku. Amakumbutsanso makolo kuti asamachulukitse ntchito ana awo, kuwazungulira, kapena kuwachitira ntchito.
Koma muyezo wa golidi ungakhalebe chitsanzo chopangidwa ndi aphunzitsi aku Finland. Kumeneko, azaka za 15 amathera maola 2.8 pa sabata kunja kwa kalasi akuchita homuweki ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yopuma kusewera masewera amagulu, kuwerenga, kudzipereka kapena kucheza ndi abale ndi abwenzi.
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