"Otsatira omwe ali kumanja komanso a MAGA akudzetsa mantha ndikuchepetsa ufulu wa ophunzira athu ophunzirira komanso ufulu wa aphunzitsi athu," akutero. Becky Pringle, Purezidenti wa mamembala 3 miliyoni Bungwe la National Education Association (NEA). Koma Pringle akugogomezera kuti kuukira kwa mapiko amanja ndi gawo limodzi chabe la zomwe zikuchitika pamaphunziro.
Akuti aphunzitsi, oyang'anira ndi ophunzira akugwira ntchito molimbika m'madera ambiri a United States kuti awonetsetse kuti makalasi a mbiri yakale, mabuku ndi maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu azichita m'njira zomveka bwino ndi mbiri ya tsankho, kuphana ndi ukapolo, komanso kupanga malo ophunzirira ndi kukondwerera. ntchito za anthu amitundu ku US
M'malo mwake, monga aphunzitsi ku Florida akulimbana kwambiri ndi Gov. Ron DeSantis, ophunzitsa m'malo omwe akupita patsogolo akugwira ntchito yosangalatsa yokonzanso mfundo ndikubweretsa malingaliro odana ndi tsankho, odana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso odana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha m'makalasi asukulu za anthu onse. dziko.
"Ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti anthu akupita patsogolo," adatero Pringle. โTikudziwa kufunikira kwa maphunziro amitundu ndipo tikudziwa kuti ophunzira akuyenera kudziwona okha pamaphunziro awo. Aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira amamvetsetsa chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kukhala ndi maphunziro ophatikiza mafuko ndi zikhalidwe, ndipo tikupitiliza kulemba mapulani amaphunziro ndikukankhira malamulo oletsa kuletsa mabuku ndi zolepheretsa zina pakuphunzitsa ndi kuphunzira. โ
Awa si malo atsopano a NEA, ndipo omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe akhala akulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zamakalasi pamaphunziro aliwonse. Kuphatikiza apo, amatenga kudzoza kuchokera ku 1968 ophunzira ku San Francisco State College (yomwe tsopano imatchedwa San Francisco State University) yomwe idalamula kuti sukuluyi izipereka makalasi a mbiri yakale a Black, Latinx ndi Asia kuti alembetse omaliza maphunziro awo. Chionetsero chopambana chikhalabe chinyanyala chachitali kwambiri cha ophunzira m'mbiri ya US - chomwe chidatenga miyezi inayi ndi theka - ndipo zidapangitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwamaphunziro angapo amitundu pasukulupo.
Mphamvu yomwe idayambitsa sitirakayi yapitilira zaka zopitilira theka pambuyo pake: Mu Marichi 2021, oyimira malamulo ku California adapereka lamulo lopangitsa kuti maphunziro a Black akhale chofunikira kuti wophunzira aliyense akamaliza maphunziro awo ku sekondale kuyambira 2030.
Mayiko ena - mwa iwo Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island ndi Vermont adatsata zomwezo ndipo adalemba miyezo yawoyawo kuti avomereze kapena kulamula malangizo omwe amapitilira chidziwitso cha Eurocentric. Zambiri zidayamba kugwira ntchito mchaka chamaphunziro cha 2022-23.
Mwachitsanzo, ku Colorado. lamulo la 2019 imafuna makalasi a mbiri yakale "kuphatikiza zopereka zamagulu osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza LGBTQ, Indigenous, Hispanic, Black, Asia ndi zipembedzo zing'onozing'ono." Ndipo ku Nevada, a lamulo loperekedwa mu 2021 likulamula kuti zopereka za anthu amtundu ndi anthu olumala kuphatikizidwa mโmakalasi a mbiri yakale, sayansi, zaluso ndi zaumunthu. Kumbali yake, nyumba yamalamulo yaku Illinois idapereka Kuphunzitsa Equitable Asian American Community History (TEAACH) Act mu 2021, kufuna kuti makalasi onse a maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu a K-12 aphatikizepo mbiri ya Asia American ndi Pacific Islander ndikutsutsa zomwe sizimayenderana ndi anthu aku Asia.
Pakadali pano, mizinda ngati New York yakhazikitsa mapulogalamu oyesa omwe ali pa LGBTQIA+, Black, ndi Asia American ndi Pacific Islander mbiri. Rita Joseph, wapampando wa Komiti Yoona za Maphunziro ku New York City Council, ananena kuti Bungweli likuona kuti nโlofunika kwambiri kuonjezera masukulu a boma mโmaboma asanuwo. "Tikuyeseranso kulemba aphunzitsi aamuna akuda ndi aphunzitsi ena achikuda ndipo tikuyesetsa kuwonetsetsa kuti makalasi ndi malaibulale ali ndi mabuku osiyanasiyana - ndi anyamata omwe akufuna kukhala mermaids, atsikana ovala hijab, ndi ochokera ku Africa - kotero kuti wophunzira aliyense akudziwa kuti akuona ndi kumva,โ Yosefe anatero Zowona.
Zolinga za izi zakhazikitsidwa bwino.
Zaka makumi atatu zapitazo, a Kubwereza Loweruka adasindikiza nkhani yotchedwa "Dziko Loyera Lonse la Mabuku a Ana.โ Mโmenemo, wolemba Nancy Larrick analemba kuti ana akapanda kudziona kuti akuonekera mโnkhani zimene amawerenga, kapenanso mโmaphunziro amene aphunzitsidwa, โamaphunzira phunziro lamphamvu la mmene anthu amawanyozeraโ ndi anthu.
Uthenga wa Larrick kwa aphunzitsi unali wosatsutsika: โMakalasi athu ayenera kukhala malo kumene ana onse ochokera mโzikhalidwe zonse zimene zimapanga mbale ya saladi ya anthu a ku Americaโ angapeze malingaliro awo. Zotsatira zake, adalemba, "zikhala "kumvetsetsa bwino kusiyana ndi kulemekeza kusiyanasiyana."
Ofufuza a NEA afika pa mfundo yomweyo. A lipoti 2020 anapeza kuti โmaphunziro a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kapena mmene amaonera chikhalidwe, ndale, zachuma, ndi mbiri ya mafuko ndi mafuko osiyanasiyana a dziko lathu, amathandiza kulimbikitsa kumvetsetsana kwa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana pakati pa ophunzira amitundu ndi azungu.โ
Kuonjezera apo, ochita kafukufukuwo adanena kuti ophunzira omwe adalembetsa maphunziro a mafuko anali otanganidwa kwambiri ndi maphunziro, anayamba kudzikonda kwambiri, ndipo anamaliza maphunziro apamwamba kuposa ophunzira omwe sanachite.
Ophunzira amapindulanso pamene malingaliro osiyanasiyana abweretsedwa m'makalasi osagwirizana ndi mafuko.
Maddox Lima, wophunzira wa chaka choyamba pa Skidmore College, akukumbukira kuti pamene anali mโgiredi 10 pa North Kingstown High School, sukulu yaboma ku Rhode Island, mphunzitsi wake wachingelezi anachititsa kuti kalasilo liลตerengedwe. Diso Labwino Kwambiri ndi Toni Morrison. "Mbiri yaku America yaku America idalumikizidwa pazokambirana zathu," adatero Wopanda. "Tidaphunzira za US pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiลตeniลตeni, ndipo tidayang'ana zomanga zamitundu zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa, momwe anthu adakhazikitsira. Kalasiyo inali ya maphunziro osiyanasiyana ndipo inabweretsa mbiri yakale ndi maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu mโChingelezi.โ
Lima akuti adakonda maphunzirowa ndipo adakhumudwa kuti njira imeneyi sinavomerezedwe ndi aphunzitsi ena. "Ngakhale mu World Literature, timangowerenga zolemba zomwe tapatsidwa osapenda zomwe ananena za chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino kapena momwe mtundu ndi jenda zimayendera," adatero.
Masukulu ena aboma amatengera chitsanzo chosiyana.
Susan Wu, wa giredi 9 ku Fort Hamilton High School ku Brooklyn, New York, adauza Wopanda kuti anthu omwe si a ku Europe ndi zochitika zimawonetsedwa pafupifupi kalasi iliyonse yomwe akutenga, kuyambira nyimbo, mbiri, mpaka Chingerezi. Iye anati: โZimandichititsa kumva kuti ndine mtsikana wa ku Asia. โKalasi yanga ya mbiri yakale yaku US idatiphunzitsa za chikhalidwe cha anthu aku Hawaii, lamulo la China Exclusion Act, komanso momwe Chisilamu chathandizira America. Mabuku amene tawerenga nawonso ndi osangalatsa kwambiri.โ
Koma Wu akuti akudziwa kuti ophunzira ena ambiri sagawana zomwe zachitikazi, popeza masukulu ambiri sayika patsogolo kuphunzira za zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana; Iye akuwonjezera kuti ngakhale mโsukulu, malangizo amasiyana kwambiri ndi aphunzitsi.
Mtundu wa Patchwork
Wayne Au, pulofesa wa maphunziro pa yunivesite ya Washington-Bothell ndi mkonzi pa Sukulu Zopindulitsa, buku lazaka 37 lofalitsidwa kotala kotala lomwe limalimbikitsidwa kulimbikitsa chilungamo cha anthu, idatero Wopanda kuti mapiko amanja otsutsana ndi kusiyanasiyana, chilungamo ndi kuphatikizidwa (DEI); kuukira kwa queer ana; ndipo kuletsa mabuku kukuchitika mโmaboma ndi mโzigawo zonse.
"Pali kusiyana pakati pa malo omwe aphunzitsi ali ndi mwayi wophunzitsa choonadi ponena za mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe, komanso malo omwe aphunzitsi sangathe kuchita izi ngakhale atafuna," adatero Au. โAnthu akhala akuwopsezedwa, ndiye nthawi zambiri si nthawi yoti aphunzitsi aziphunzitsa zolimbana ndi tsankho. Koma mayiko akakhazikitsa malamulo omwe amathandizira maphunziro azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, zimapatsa aphunzitsi mwayi wopanga maphunziro. Zimaperekanso thandizo kwa akuluakulu kuti azigwira ntchito zomwe akudziwa kuti ndizothandiza anthu onse. Zachidziwikire, kupanga maphunziro kumakhala kovuta ndipo zida zovomerezedwa ndi boma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotetezeka kuposa momwe timafunira, koma ndi poyambira. โ
Komanso, aphunzitsi amatha kuwonjezera zomwe boma limapereka.
Ntchito Yophunzitsa Zinn, akufotokoza kuti, athandiza kukhazikitsa magulu ophunzirira aphunzitsi oposa 200 m'madera a 38 kuyambira 2020. Aphunzitsi oposa 1,000 adalembetsa. Ntchito yamaphunziro imaphunzitsa mbiri yakale yomwe mwina sanaphunzirepo ndikuwathandiza kupanga maphunziro a ophunzira awo; buku la 2018, Kuphunzitsa kwa Black Lives yambitsani pulogalamuyo. Mwa mitu yomwe idafunsidwa: COINTELPRO, Phunziro la Tuskegee Syphilis, zipolowe za mpikisano wa Tulsa mu 1921, mapaipi opita kundende, Gulu la Black Panther, ndi maphunziro ena omwe nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa kapena kutchulidwa pang'ono m'mabuku ambiri.
"Magulu ophunzirira amakhalanso ndi chiphunzitso cha Black joy," adatero Au. โTikufuna kuti ophunzira azimva bwino tsitsi ndi matupi awo. Kuphatikiza apo, tikuwawonetsa zitsanzo zolimbikira komanso kukana kuti ophunzira amvetsetse kuti atha kuchita zinthu mosiyana ndi akulu awo. โ
Nirva Rebecca LaFortune, kholo komanso wakale Providence, Rhode Island, woyimira malamulo, amavomereza kuti awa ndi mauthenga ofunikira. "Mbiri nthawi zonse iyenera kukhala mbiri yopatsa mphamvu," akutero. Ananenanso kuti "maphunziro pa mbiri yakuda sayenera kungokhala mwezi wa February" kapena angoyang'ana kwambiri a Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks ndi George Washington Carver, koma akuyenera kuphatikiza. Rosewood, tawuni yomwe idawotchedwa mu 1923 ndi azungu atsankho, pamodzi ndi mitu ina yoyipa m'mbiri ya US.
Rann Miller, wolemba wa Resistance Stories kuchokera ku Black History for Kids ndi Mlengi wa Urban Education Mixtape blog, waphunzitsa ndikuyendetsa mapulogalamu a DEI ku New Jersey kwa zaka zopitilira khumi. Iye adanena Wopanda kuti dziko lake lapereka malamulo angapo kulamula kuphunzitsa mbiri ya African American ndi LGBTQIA +. "Bwanamkubwa wathu, a Phil Murphy, wanena kuti akufuna New Jersey kukhala anti-Florida. Zimathandizira kukhala ndi opanga malamulo omwe amamvetsetsa kufunikira kwa nthawi ino kuti pakhale chilungamo pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, makamaka pankhani zamaphunziro. โ
Miller adati New Jersey imatenga udindo wake wophunzitsa mwana aliyense mozama komanso imathandizira bungwe lachilimwe kuti liphunzitse aphunzitsi m'njira zabwino zothandizira chilungamo, chilungamo chamtundu, kudziwika kwa amuna ndi akazi komanso kugonana m'kalasi.
Maphunziro ngati amenewa akuchitika m'dziko lonselo - kwa aphunzitsi atsopano komanso odziwa zambiri.
"Tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mapulogalamu a maphunziro a aphunzitsi amatsogolera ophunzira kuti athe kuphunzitsa zovuta za mbiri yakale, mtundu ndi chikhalidwe, ndikumvetsetsa kuti ophunzira awo ndi amitundu yambiri," adatero Au. โMapulogalamu ambiri ophunzitsa aphunzitsi amapita patsogolo, koma zimakhala zovuta wophunzira akamaliza maphunziro ake ndiyeno nโkupita kuchigawo chimene amayembekezeredwa kutsatira chikhalidwe cha kusukulu chosunga mwambo.โ
Ndipamene chithandizo cha ogwira nawo ntchito opita patsogolo chimayamba - kaya kudzera m'mabuku monga Sukulu Zopindulitsa, kapena kudzera m'magulu ophunzirira, kupezeka pamisonkhano, kapena maukonde a aphunzitsi amalingaliro ofanana.
Maphunziro omaliza maphunziro nawonso ndi ofunikira, ngakhale kwa aphunzitsi akale. โMโdziko langa,โ Au akutero, โpali lamulo limene masukulu amaphunzitsa Kuyambira Kalekale: Ulamuliro wa Fuko ku Washington State,โ maphunziro amene anapangidwa mu 2015 ndi atsogoleri a mafuko 29.
Ngakhale kuti maphunzirowa sanakwaniritsidwebe mโmagiredi onse, maphunziro a pa intaneti athandiza aphunzitsi omwe si Amwenye kukhala odziwa zambiri komanso omasuka popereka maphunzirowo. Kuphatikiza pa kuphunzira zidziwitso zenizeni za mbiri yamitundu ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, maphunzirowa amakhudzanso momwe anthu amakhudzidwira ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa Native kwa ophunzira achichepere. โKuphatikiza mbiri yakale ndi chidziwitso kungakhale nkhani ya moyo ndi imfa kwa Achinyamata Achibadwa,โ nkhani ina Crosscut News malipoti, kuthandiza kuthetsa chiลตerengero chochuluka chodzipha pakati pa ana a mbadwa omwe amadzimva kuti alibe chiyanjano ndi kunyozedwa ndi mapulogalamu apamwamba a maphunziro.
Scott Abbott, wothandizira wotsogolera wa Delaware Center for Civics Education, imatcha chilungamo chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa maphunziro. Izi zati, akuwonjezera kuti kuvomerezana kwamalingaliro kokha sikukwanira kupanga masukulu omwe mwana aliyense amatha kuchita bwino ndikukula. "Ndalama ndizovuta," adatero Zowona. "Kuti maboma ndi zigawo apange zida ayenera kugula zinthu." Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama zitha kufunikira kuti apititse patsogolo luso laukadaulo kapena kuphunzitsa kuti athandize aphunzitsi kusintha maphunziro omwe alipo komanso kuphunzitsa maphunziro atsopano.
"Mfundo yakuti kuyesetsa kusiyanitsa ndi kukulitsa maphunziro amitundu yambiri ndi mafuko zikuchitika tsopano - panthawi imodzimodziyo kuti mayiko ena akudula ndalama zosiyanasiyana, kuletsa mabuku, ndikuletsa momwe mbiri yakale ndi zolemba zingaphunzitsidwe - ndizofunikira," akutero Abbott. "Maphunziro ophatikizika omwe amakwaniritsa zovuta zakale amathandizira ophunzira kusanthula zakale, kufunsa mafunso kuti afufuze ndikuwathandiza kumvetsetsa dziko lapansi. Koma izi ziyenera kuchitika kulikonse. Sichiyenera kukhala chigamba. "
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