Chitsime: Chowonadi
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Nirat.pix/Shutterstock
Pamene Hali Rose Kohls wokhala ku Pennsylvania anali kusekondale, sanali wotsimikiza ngati akufuna kupeza digiri. Koma atapita ku Greensboro, North Carolina, kampasi ya Guilford College mu 2011, adasintha malingaliro ake. Amanena kuti maphunziro amene anaphunzirawo ndi โodabwitsaโ ndipo ananena kuti makhalidwe a Quaker a pasukulupo ndi amene anamulimbikitsa. Monga wamkulu pawiri mu maphunziro a amayi, jenda ndi kugonana, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, adapeza maphunziro a "social justice-based liberal arts curriculum" akutsegula maso, ndipo kwa zaka zingapo atamaliza digiri yake, adayimba nyimbo zotamanda koleji kwa ophunzira omwe angakhale nawo. .
Koma chidwi cha a Kohls chadziwika chifukwa cha mapulani omwe adalengezedwa kumapeto kwa 2020 kuti atseke chiwongola dzanja cha $ 7 miliyoni pothamangitsa anthu 36, kuphatikiza maprofesa 15, ndi kutha 19 mwa akuluakulu 42, kuphatikiza masamu, sayansi yandale, physics ndi zilankhulo zamakono.
Kuyambira pomwe adalengezedwa, a Kohls adalumikizana ndi aphunzitsi, ophunzira ndi alumni ena mumgwirizano Sungani Koleji ya Guilford.
Iwo akhala nazo kale chikoka. Pambuyo pa voti ya "chopanda chidaliro" mu Board of Trustees ndi Purezidenti wa koleji Carol Moore, Moore adasiya ntchito ndipo pulezidenti watsopano adakhazikitsidwa mu February. Kohls tsopano ali ndi chiyembekezo mwanzeru. โSitidzasiya mizu yathu, koma tipeza njira zina zopitira patsogolo. Madula onse omwe aperekedwa adatengera zomwe ophunzira akufuna kuchita," adatero Wopanda, โkoma ana ambiri sadziwa zimene amafuna kuphunzira akamaphunzira ku sekondale. Ndine chitsanzo chabwino cha zimenezo. Sindinadziลตe kuti ndikhoza kukhala wamkulu mโmaphunziro a jenda kufikira nditafika ku Guilford.โ
COVID-19 Akuimbidwa mlandu Wodula
Mwanjira zonse, masukulu atatsekedwa ndi COVID mu Marichi watha, makoleji aboma ndi azinsinsi adakumana ndi vuto lazachuma; ambiri adayankha pothamangitsa ogwira ntchito zamaphunziro ndi oyang'anira, oyang'anira ndi ogwira ntchito zazakudya. Nthawi zina, maprofesa omwe adakhalapo adachotsedwa ntchito, ndipo masukulu ambiri adatseka kapena kuphatikiza madipatimenti omwe amawonedwa ngati "osachita bwino."
Chifukwa chake, mu Ogasiti 2020, panali 337,000 anthu ocheperapo adagwira ntchito ndi makoleji aku US ndi mayunivesite kuposa momwe zinalili miyezi isanu ndi umodzi m'mbuyomu, mu February. Zolinga zidachepetsedwa: Bungwe la National Student Clearinghouse Research Center linanena kuti chiwerengero chonse cha ophunzira yatsika ndi 4.5 peresenti pakati pa Spring 2020 ndi Spring 2021. Makoleji ammudzi adawona kuchepa kwakukulu, pa 9.5 peresenti.
Koma ndi mbali chabe ya nkhaniyo. Ngakhale kuti mavuto azachuma ndi enieni, njira zochepetsera ndalama zomwe akuyembekezeredwa - zotsutsidwa ndi mabungwe amilandu ndi omenyera maphunziro omwe amatchula ndalama zoyendetsera bwino komanso kuwononga ndalama zambiri pamabwalo amasewera ndi zomangamanga zatsopano - zikugwirizana ndi buku lamasewera lamanja lomwe lakhala likulimbikira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti akonzedwenso. maphunziro apamwamba.
Richard Kent Vedder, katswiri wamaphunziro ku Conservative American Enterprise Institute komanso mnzake wamkulu ku American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), adalemba zolinga izi m'buku lake la 2019, Kubwezeretsa Lonjezo: Maphunziro Apamwamba ku America. Pakati pawo: kuchotsa "malamulo akale" monga nthawi yopuma komanso nthawi yachilimwe; kuwonjezera katundu wamaphunziro; kuthetsa ntchito zovomerezeka ndi mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana okhudzana nawo; kuthetsa kapena kukonzanso pulogalamu yothandizira ndalama za ophunzira ku federal; ndikupatsanso madipatimenti ndi maprofesa gawo la ndalama potengera kulembetsa kwa ophunzira m'makalasi awo.
Mu Ogasiti 2020, panali anthu ochepera 337,000 omwe amalembedwa ntchito m'makoleji ndi mayunivesite aku US kuposa momwe analili miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo.
โMโzaka za mโma 1960, ana asukulu anagalukira mโmasukulu ambiri,โ analemba motero Robert C. Dickeson, yemwe anali wa kumanja. Maphunziro Azambiri: Zosankha Zambiri, "ndipo mabungwe adasokonezeka .... Tikufuna pulogalamu yophunzirira bwino kwambiri kuti ophunzira athu komanso mabungwe athu azikhazikika pazomwe zili zofunika. โ
Kodi chimenecho chingakhale chiyani? mukufunsa.
ALEC - gulu losunga malamulo lomwe limalemba malamulo achitsanzo ndi malangizo kwa opanga malamulo - amavomereza kuti, โMabizinesi aku America akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito komwe adzawalemba ntchito.โฆ Ndi ophunzira ochepa chabe a ku America amene akumaliza maphunziro a kusekondale kapena kukoleji ndi luso lomwe mabwana amafunikira.โ Njira yothetsera vutoli? Lolani bizinesi "ipange kapena kuvomereza maphunziro, maphunziro ndi ziphaso zomwe zimaphunzitsa maluso omwe amayang'ana mwa omwe angakhale antchito."
Kukana uku kwakopa chidwi ndi a Koch Foundation, komanso kukwezeleza mapulogalamu a digiri ya kuyunivesite omwe amalabadira "zogulitsa pamsika" ndizokwera kwambiri. mndandanda wofuna.
Zotsatira zake ndikukwezeka kwa ma accounting, bizinesi, sayansi yamakompyuta, mapulogalamu ophikira ndi uinjiniya kuposa zaluso zaufulu ndi zaumunthu.
Kuwonongeka kwa Faculty Autonomy
Michael Francis Berube ndi Edwin Erle Sparks Pulofesa wa Literature ku Penn State University komanso mtsogoleri wa American Association of University Professors (AAUP). Iye amachitcha ichi "kanthawi kochepa" ndipo akulongosola zodulidwazo ngati "kuukira kwaufulu kwa aphunzitsi."
Monga wapampando wa komiti ya AAUP yomwe ikufufuza za kuukira kwa aphunzitsi kuti adziwe ngati masukulu ena akuyenera "kudzudzulidwa," gulu lankhanza kwambiri la AAUP komanso lomwe limapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti athe kudzaza malo otseguka, Berube akuti ang'onoang'ono ambiri, masukulu achinsinsi, odalira maphunziro anali kale m'mavuto COVID-XNUMX isanachitike, ndipo anali kuyang'ana kale kugawidwa kwazinthu. "Ena adachita bwino, ndikuyika luso, koma ena adakankha chimbudzi pamsewu ndipo COVID itagunda, adachita mantha," adatero. Zowona. โPali njira zomwe ayenera kutsatira pakagwa masoka. Sitikunena kuti simungathe kutseka mapulogalamu, koma tiyenera kuyang'ana momwe mapulani akugwiritsidwira ntchito. "
Berube amatchula John Carroll University yaku Ohio ngati chitsanzo choyipa kwambiri cha machitidwe oyipa. "Adachotsa mbiri yakale ndikuchotsa maprofesa awiri omwe adakhalapo," adatero. "Amanena kuti ndizovuta pa bajeti, koma njira yolengezetsa mavuto a bajeti inali yochepa kwambiri kotero kuti kuchepa kwa 6 peresenti kwa ndalama pazaka zitatu kunali kokwanira kuti achitepo kanthu." Nthawi yomweyo, akupitiliza, sukuluyo idasungabe kampani yamalamulo ya Husch Blackwell - yemwe tsamba lake limadzitamandira kuti "mogwirizana ndi mafakitale,โ ndi ndalama zokwana $417,056,000 mu 2020 - monga uphungu wake wazamalamulo.
Berube amatchulanso Koleji ya Canisius kumpoto kwa New York ngati "imodzi mwa oyipitsitsa kwambiri."
Philosophy, ndi pulofesa wa maphunziro a amayi ndi jenda Tanya Loughead waphunzitsa ku Canisius kwa zaka 15. โZaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, kolejiyo inalemba ntchito mlangizi wakunja, wopeza phindu kuti achite maphunziro omwe amawatcha 'return on investment'. Kampaniyo idatsimikizira kuti aphunzitsi amaphunzitsa ophunzira ambiri, chifukwa chake tikuchita bwino kwambiri, "adatero Loughead. Wopanda. Komabe, akuti aphunzitsi adadzidzimuka pomwe oyang'anira adalengeza zodulidwa, ponena za kuchepa kwa $ 20 miliyoni. "Oyang'anira sanafotokoze komwe adapeza nambalayi," akutero Loughhead. "Zikuwoneka ngati kuchuluka kwa dyera la capitalist kuti apangitse ogwira ntchito mosatekeseka kukhala osatetezeka ndikungoganiza kuti atha kuchita chilichonse kuti asunge ntchito."
Canisius watseka kale madipatimenti atatu: akale, maphunziro achipembedzo ndi physics, ndipo antchito 94 atulutsidwa, kuphatikiza aphunzitsi 24 ndi ma plumbers 70, akatswiri amagetsi ndi oyang'anira malo.
Loughhead akuti kolejiyo sinawonekere poyera, chifukwa chake aphunzitsi amachita mitundu ingapo yomenyera nkhondo. "Tikukangana ndi AAUP, tikumanena kuti oyang'anira sakugwira ntchito ndi ulamuliro wogawana mogwirizana ndi mfundo za AAUP, ndipo tasumira kukhothi Lalikulu ku New York State for Kuphwanya Mgwirizano. Taperekanso madandaulo kwa akuluakulu a Maphunziro Apamwamba a ku Middle States [Commission on] omwe amativomereza.โ Kuphatikiza apo, Bungwe la Faculty Senate lavotera 'kusadalira' kwa Ma Trustees ndi Purezidenti, pempho la alumni lasonkhanitsa ma signature oposa 6,000, ndipo Canisius Community Against the Cuts yabweretsa makolo, ophunzira, anthu ammudzi ndi alumni pamodzi potsutsa. Pomaliza, popeza Canisius ndi sukulu ya ChiJesuit, aJesuit Workers Against Austerity akuyesera kupanga zomwe zimafanana ndi ogwira ntchito m'makoleji onse 27 ogwirizana ndi zipembedzo ku US.
Monga Loughhead, pulofesa wa filosofi Corey McCall sanayembekezere zochepetsera kuntchito yake ya Elmira College. Anakhala zaka 14 ku koleji ya kumpoto kwa New York ndipo adanena Wopanda kuti anachititsidwa khungu pamene, โpa June 1, ndinalandira imelo kuchokera kwa wotsutsa kunena kuti iye ndi pulezidenti akufuna kukonza nane foni ya Zoom pa June 3. Sindinadziwe chifukwa chake amafuna kulankhula. Tinaimbira foni mwachidule tsiku limenelo, ndipo anandiuza kuti andilola kupita.โ McCall adakonza kale zokhala pulofesa woyendera ku Penn State chaka chamaphunziro cha 2020-21, koma akuti nkhaniyi inali "yodabwitsa".
"Zikuwoneka ngati kuchuluka kwa dyera la capitalist kuti apangitse ogwira ntchito mosatekeseka kukhala osatetezeka ndikungoganiza kuti atha kuchita chilichonse kuti asunge ntchito."
Malinga ndi McCall, Elmira ndi koleji yaying'ono yokhala ndi madipatimenti angapo amunthu m'modzi, kuphatikiza akale, filosofi ndi Chisipanishi, kotero akuti kuchotsedwa kwake kunathetsa pulogalamu ya filosofi. Ogwira ntchito ena, kuphatikiza dipatimenti yophunzirira yaku America ya munthu m'modzi, adasinthidwa kukhala mbiri. McCall adaphunzirapo kuti aphunzitsi 16 - pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya aphunzitsi - adachotsedwa ntchito.
McCall anati: โKolejiyo yakhala ikukumana ndi mavuto azachuma kwa nthawi ndithu, koma zikuoneka kuti akuluakulu a boma anaganiza kuti njira yabwino yopulumutsira ndalama ndiyo kuthamangitsa aphunzitsi awo. Vuto la COVID lidakhala mwayi kwa iwo, ndipo ambiri mwa omwe adachotsedwa amwazikana. โ
Chiwonetsero chimodzi cha mwayi umenewu, akupitiriza, ndikutulutsa kwa Elmira College kwa mapulogalamu atsopano mu sayansi ya zochitika, kayendetsedwe ka zaumoyo ndi malonda a mafashoni.
Ndipo Canisius ndi Elmira sizodabwitsa. Makoleji ena ang'onoang'ono, achinsinsi - Hiram, Illinois Wesleyan, Kettering, Keuka, Marian, Medaille, National ndi Wittenberg, pakati pawo - achotsanso "madipatimenti osachita bwino." Katswiri wodziwika kwambiri ndi masamu, biology, filosofi, geology, physics, chipembedzo, anthropology, chemistry ndi zilankhulo zakunja.
Makoleji Agulu Komanso Akudula Ndalama
Mayunivesite aboma, kuphatikiza University of Kansas (KU) ndi University of Vermont (UVM), achita chimodzimodzi.
The Lawrence Journal World malipoti kuti mapulogalamu 15 omaliza maphunziro ku KU amawaona ngati "olembetsa otsika" - odziwika kwambiri aumunthu komanso maphunziro aukadaulo - akhala zakonzedwa kuti zithetsedwe.
Ron Barrett-Gonzalez, wapampando wa AAUP ku KU, akunena kuti National AAUP yatcha ndondomekoyi "capricious" ndipo ikuwopseza kuika yunivesite pamndandanda wake wotsutsa pokhapokha ngati ndondomekoyo itachotsedwa. Monga ogwira nawo ntchito ku Canisius, aphunzitsi akutsata mabungwe ovomerezeka. โKU ili ndi masukulu angapo aukadaulo kuphatikiza zamalamulo, zamankhwala, zomanga ndi zomangamanga. American Bar Association [ABA], mwachitsanzo, imatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa digiri ya KU zamalamulo, "adatero Wopanda. "Anena kuti ngati yunivesite ikuchotsa mwachidwi nthawi yaukadaulo popanda chifukwa, sukuluyo ikhoza kutaya kuvomerezeka kwa ABA ndikuyika pachiwopsezo kukhulupirika kwa digiriyo. Kuti olamulira alola kuti izi zichitike zikuwonetsa kusawongolera bwino. โ
Kusawongolera bwino kumeneku, Barrett-Gonzalez akuti, kumapitilirabe. "KU has a jeti makampani zokwana $6 miliyoni ndipo olamulira amazigwiritsa ntchito kuwuluka konsekonse. Ndege imodzi yotengedwa ndi provost idawononga $10,000. " Utsogoleri wakhalanso pa ntchito yomanga kwambiri yomwe idayamba mu 2012, akutero. โAnkaganiza kuti atha kulemba ana asukulu akunja, motero anabwereka mamiliyoni ambiri kuti amange nyumba zogona zapamwamba komanso zodula kwambiri. Kenako adatseka ma dorm otsika mtengo, ndikupanga kampasi yosiyanitsidwa, komwe 'have' amakhala m'nyumba zatsopano ndipo 'opanda nazo' amakhala m'malo osungiramo ma trailer ndi mayunitsi otsika mtengo. Ndi nkhanza za anthu ochita nkhanza.โ
Barrett-Gonzalez akuwonjezera kuti pafupifupi masenti 25 a dola iliyonse yamaphunziro tsopano amapita kumalipiro a aphunzitsi ndi kukonza laibulale pomwe ena onse amapita ntchito yangongole. โZaka 150,000 zapitazo, sukuluyi inkalipira ndalama zokwana madola 20 pachaka. Tsopano amalipira pakati pa $30 ndi $XNUMX miliyoni pachaka.
Monga masukulu ena, KU alumni adalumikizana ndi ophunzira, ogwira ntchito, aphunzitsi ndi omenyera ufulu wa anthu ammudzi kuti amenyane ndi mabala. "Amazindikira kuti ngati atha kuvula utsogoleri ku KU, izi zitha kukhala ndi vuto ndikufalikira ku makoleji ndi mayunivesite ena," akutero Barrett-Gonzalez.
Aphunzitsi ku UVM akukumananso ndi ziwopsezo zazikulu. Valerie Rohy, pulofesa wachingelezi komanso wapampando wakale wa dipatimentiyo, amatcha zomwe zikuchitika "kunyozedwa kwa luso laufulu ndi kukwezeka kwa uinjiniya ndi bizinesi kuposa china chilichonse." Akunena kuti palibe mapulogalamu omwe akuyenera kuchotsedwa - akale, chipembedzo ndi geology - anali okwera mtengo kuyendetsa.
Komabe, akuti kuchotsedwa ntchito ku UVM sikwachilendo, koma kudayamba zaka zingapo zapitazo pomwe njira yolimbikitsira bajeti idapangitsa kuti masukulu achepetsedwe ku College of Arts and Science. "Kunali kuchotsedwa ntchito mu 2015 ndi 2020, ndipo ngakhale College of Arts and Science imabweretsa ndalama zambiri kuposa zomwe zimatitengera kuyendetsa, kukula kwa kalasi kunakwera; panalinso kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito zomwe zidapangitsa kusiyana kwa maphunziro. Ochotsedwa posachedwa kwambiri adaphatikizanso munthu yekhayo amene amaphunzitsa zolemba za Native America, "Rohy adauza Zowona.
Pakadali pano, kumanga bwalo lamasewera latsopano kwayimitsidwa, koma sikunathedwe, ndipo UVM yalemba ganyu. Huron Consulting - kampani yomwe idapanga ndalama pafupifupi $900 miliyoni mu 2019 - kuthandiza pakukonzanso.
Izi zikukwiyitsa a Paul Bierman, pulofesa wa geology ku UVM kuyambira 1993. "Kuchepetsa msana wa pulogalamu ya UVM ya chilengedwe pakali pano m'mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndi vuto la nyengo lomwe likukulirakulira, sikumveka," adatero. Zowona. Pulogalamuyi ili ndi antchito 11 - maprofesa asanu ndi awiri, mphunzitsi wamkulu wanthawi yayitali komanso akatswiri atatu.
"Akuluakulu anena kuti mapulogalamu omwe amamaliza maphunziro osakwana asanu pachaka sakhazikika," akutero Bierman, "ndipo akufuna kuti tipange Ph.D. pulogalamu m'malo mopitiliza pulogalamu ya Mbuye wathu. Timavomereza ofunsira MA anayi mpaka asanu ndi limodzi pachaka kuchokera pa dziwe la 35 kapena 40. Ndizo dala. Purezidenti wa koleji sakuwoneka kuti amvetsetsa kuti Masters mu geoscience ndi digiri yomaliza. "
Bierman ndiye amawongolera kuti ayang'ane kwambiri zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi kutsekedwa kwa dipatimenti yomwe akufuna. Iye anati: โChisoni changa nโchachikulu kwambiri. โNdakhala zaka 28 kuyunivesite iyi ndipo ndakhala mtsogoleri wokondwerera nthawi zonse. Tsopano ndimadzuka tsiku lililonse 3 koloko m'mawa. Inde, makoleji amafunika kusintha ndikusintha, koma izi siziyenera kukhala zotsutsana. Njira ya Vermont ndikukambirana ndikuthandizana kupeza mayankho. โ
Wopanda adafikira atsogoleri a Canisius, Elmira, Guilford, The University of Vermont ndi University of Kansas. Palibe adayankha.
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