Chitsime: Chowonadi
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Manoej Paateel/Shutterstock.com
Zaka zoposa 80 zapitazo, panthaลตi ya Kusoลตa Kwakukulu kwachuma, maphunziro a koleji anachepa 26 peresenti ndipo zopereka zidatsika ndi 70 peresenti. Koma m'malo mochepetsa zomwe zimaperekedwa ku masukulu aku US, bungwe la federal Works Progress Administration (WPA) lidalemba ganyu anthu 8.5 miliyoni kuti akhazikitse mayendedwe opitilira ma 9,000 mamailo amkuntho ndi ngalande, ndikumanga. Nyumba zasukulu zatsopano zokwana 4,000 (zambiri zopangira maphunziro a K-12), zipatala 130 ndi malo 100 amgulu la zaluso.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mโzaka zisanu ndi zitatu zimene WPA inalipo (1935 mpaka 1943), makoleji ndi mayunivesite mazanamazana anapindula; popititsa patsogolo maphunziro apamwamba, ogwira ntchito ku WPA anamanga makalasi ndi nyumba zogona, ndikuyika zojambula za anthu pa kapinga ndi mkati mwa nyumba. Cholinga? Kukopa ophunzira kuti alembetse ndikuwasunga mpaka atamaliza maphunziro awo, kuwatsimikizira maluso omwe angafune kuti apeze ntchito chuma chikayenda bwino. Pakati pa opindula ndi zoyesayesazi anali Alabama Polytechnic Institute (tsopano Auburn University); Arkansas State; Arizona State; Brooklyn College-City University of New York; Koleji ya William ndi Mary; Delta State; Yunivesite ya Howard; Yunivesite ya Iowa; Yunivesite ya Pittsburgh; Yunivesite ya Rhode Island; ndi Virginia Commonwealth University.
Mofulumira mpaka lero. Zofanana ndi Kukhumudwa Kwakukulu, mavuto azachuma omwe ali pano akudzutsa mafunso ofunikira okhudza udindo waboma komanso ngati opanga malamulo aboma kapena maboma adzagwiritsa ntchito COVID-19 kuti awononge mapulogalamu aboma, kuphatikiza mwayi wopeza maphunziro apamwamba aboma, pomwe akukankhira chuma chochulukirapo. mpaka pamwamba.
Wolemba mabuku wina dzina lake Naomi Klein anayambitsa mawu akuti โkapitalism yatsokaโ kufotokoza chodabwitsa ichi: kugwiritsira ntchito tsoka lachitukuko kapena masoka achilengedwe kulimbikitsa kubizinesi ndi kukonzanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti zipindulitse anthu olemera ochepa powonongera ambiri.
Chisokonezo chobwera chifukwa cha COVID-19 ndi chitsanzo chabwino.
Pauline Lipman, pulofesa wa maphunziro a mfundo za maphunziro pa yunivesite ya Illinois-Chicago, anali gawo la gulu lapaintaneti zothandizidwa ndi Zolemba Zantchito ndi Public Education Workers Network mkatikati mwa Meyi zomwe zidathana ndi ziwopsezo zomwe zikuchitika kumaphunziro apamwamba. "Austerity ikuchitika pomwe oyang'anira akuwongolera vutoli, koma maphunziro apamwamba aboma anali kale m'mavuto chifukwa cha kusungitsa ndalama, kuchotsedwa ntchito, kugulitsa anthu wamba komanso kuchuluka kwa chindapusa," adatero.
Kafukufuku wa Epulo wa apurezidenti aku koleji adawonetsa kuti 72 peresenti akuyembekeza kukakamiza kuchotsedwa ntchito ndi kuchepetsa bajeti, kuyimitsa ganyu, ndikuyimitsa ntchito yomanga ndi kukonzanso masukulu mkati mwa chaka chamawa.
Kuphatikiza apo, Lipman adapitilizabe, mliriwu "ukuwonetsa zenizeni zomwe zidalipo nthawi yonseyi," zowona zomwe zikuwonetsa kulumikizana pakati pa maphunziro aboma, kusowa kwa chakudya, kukwera mtengo kwanyumba, ntchito zomwe zikupezeka, kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala komanso kutsekeredwa m'ndende - zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ophunzira mlingo uliwonse, pre-K kupyolera mu yunivesite.
Komabe, ngati pamavuto aliwonse palinso mwayi, COVID-19 ikhoza kukhala mwayi woganiziranso ndikukonzanso zomwe tikutanthauza ndi "zabwino zonse," kutipatsa nsanja yatsopano yotsutsa maphunziro aulere pagulu ngati ufulu wofunikira. Zithanso, Lipman adatikumbutsa, kukhala mwayi wolimbikitsa utsogoleri wowonjezereka, kuphatikiza ufulu wokonzekera, kupanga mabungwe ndi kuteteza masukulu aboma kuti atsekedwe, kuletsa kutulutsidwa kwa ntchito ndikuyimitsa chinsinsi.
Kupambana sikukhala kophweka, komabe, popeza kuchotsedwa ntchito kuli kale mkati - ndipo ambiri akuganiza kuti n'kosapeweka. An Kafukufuku wa April wa apurezidenti aku koleji adawulula kuti 72 peresenti akuyembekeza kukakamiza kuchotsedwa ntchito ndi kuchepetsa bajeti, kuyimitsa ganyu, ndi kuyimitsa ntchito yomanga ndi kukonzanso masukulu mkati mwa chaka chamawa.
Ponena za kutha kwa ntchito, aphunzitsi ndi oyangโanira, limodzinso ndi ogwira ntchito mโkafiteriya, ogwira ntchito yokonza, ogwira ntchito mโnyumba zogonamo ndi ogwira ntchito mโmaofesi ndiwo chandamale.
Cutbacks Ali kale Motion
The Boston Globe idanenedwa koyambirira kwa Meyi Makoleji 345 amadziona ngati "ali pachiwopsezo," ali pachiwopsezo chotseka chifukwa choyembekezeredwa kuti asalembetse bwino chaka chamaphunziro cha 2020-21. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa cha kutayika kwa ophunzira omwe amalipira mokwanira komanso ngongole zomwe zipatala zaku yunivesite zimachita, zomwe oyang'anira akulosera kuti kuthetsedwa kwa maopaleshoni osankhidwa chifukwa cha COVID-19 kumabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa bajeti. Chiwopsezo chosayembekezereka cha kubweza nyumba ndi chakudya mchaka cha 2020 chinawabwezeretsanso.
Kuchepetsa bajeti kwayamba kale. Nachi chitsanzo chaching'ono:
- Yunivesite ya Louisville "ikuyimitsa" zopereka zopuma pantchito kuyambira Meyi 1 mpaka Julayi 31, kuchepetsa malipiro pa omwe amalandira $100,000 kapena kuposerapo, ndikukhazikitsa kutsitsa kwa malipiro a miyezi iwiri ndi 1 peresenti pamaphunziro onse omwe amapeza pakati pa $58,000 ndi $99,999 pachaka;
- Yunivesite ya Miami ku Oxford, Ohio, yalengeza zakukonzekera kusamalira kunja ndi ntchito zachipatala pasukulupo, zomwe zimabweretsa kutayika kwakukulu kwa ntchito zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuyamba Julayi uno;
- Harvard, sukulu yomwe ili ndi ndalama zokwana $40.9 biliyoni, idalengeza mu Marichi kuti ichotsa ogwira ntchito m'holo yodyeramo pafupifupi 275. Ulamuliro pamapeto pake adavomera kulipira antchitowo mpaka Meyi 28, pambuyo pa mfuu yapoyera;
- Yunivesite ya Arizona ndi kuyambitsa ma furlough omaliza kwa omwe amapanga zambiri kuposa $45,000, kuyimitsa ntchito zomanga zatsopano, kuchedwetsa chitukuko cha ndondomeko ya tsogolo la koleji ndi kuchedwetsa kukweza kwa ogwira ntchito;
- Atlanta's Morehouse College ili ndi adalengeza zakuchotsedwa ntchito ya antchito 13 anthawi zonse ndipo wachepetsa malipiro a ena 200;
- Kean University ku New Jersey ndi kuchotsa maphunziro anayi apamwamba: nyimbo; sayansi yokhazikika; zisudzo ndi zachuma;
- Mu masewera aku koleji, Bowling Green State University ku Ohio ikugwetsa timu yake ya baseball; Yunivesite ya Cincinnati yadula mpira wa amuna; Virginia's Old Dominion University yathetsa kulimbana; ndi Baylor, ku Waco, Texas, akuchedwa kumanga bwalo latsopano la basketball lomwe limayenera kutsegulidwa nyengo ya 2022-23 isanakwane.
Marisa Allison ndi Ph.D. wophunzira pa yunivesite ya George Mason komanso mkulu wakale wa kafukufuku pa New Faculty Majority Foundation, gulu lomenyera ufulu lomwe limapanga thandizo laukadaulo wanthawi zonse. Allison akuwona kuti aphunzitsi omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri pamasukulu aku koleji ndi omwe sakhala ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso othandizira omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chitetezo chochepa cha ntchito kuyambira semester mpaka semesita. Pakati pa 51 ndi 61 peresenti ya omwe ali ndi maudindo awa ndi akazi, Allison akutero. Mwachidziwikire, izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchotsedwa ntchito kudzakhudza kwambiri ogwira ntchito omwe amalipidwa kwambiri ndikulimbitsa kusiyana kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, mtundu ndi magulu.
Makoleji 345 amadziona kuti ali pachiwopsezo chotseka chifukwa choyembekezeredwa kuti asalembetse chaka chamaphunziro cha 2020-21.
Koma ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi akumenyana.
Zochita pa Campus ndi Kupitilira
Masukulu ambiri - makamaka omwe ali ogwirizana - atengera njira yamagulu awiri: kulimbana ndi kukhumudwa kwinaku akuperekanso dzanja kwa iwo omwe achotsedwa ntchito, pamasukulu komanso m'madera omwe makoleji awo ali.
Barbara Bowen ndi purezidenti wa Professional Staff Congress, mgwirizano woimira 30,000 wanthawi zonse komanso wanthawi yochepa wolembedwa ndi City University of New York (CUNY). Bowen anatero Wopanda kuti chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri mumgwirizanowu ndikupeza lamulo la Shared Help Assessment to Rebuild Education (SHARE) Act yoperekedwa ndi nyumba yamalamulo ya boma la New York. The SHARE Act, akufotokoza, ndi msonkho wosakhalitsa kwa omwe amalandira ndalama zoposa $ 5 miliyoni pachaka, ndi ndalama zomwe zapezeka zopangira masukulu aboma ndi maphunziro apamwamba.
"Ngati sitiwona izi zikukwaniritsidwa, zikutanthauza kuti opanga malamulo aboma asankha mwanzeru kudula zipatala, nyumba za anthu osowa pokhala ndi osauka, komanso maphunziro kuti ateteze anthu olemera kwambiri m'boma," adatero.
Komabe, Bowen akuti ali ndi chiyembekezo chifukwa thandizo la mgwirizano pa Lamuloli, komanso kukana zochepetsera, kwakhala kolimba modabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene provost pa CUNY a College of Staten Island analengeza mapulani kudula 35 peresenti ya adjuncts, mipando dipatimenti anapereka mokulira "ayi" ndipo anakana kutsatira.
"Otsutsawo akuganiza kuti zowonjezera zitha kukhala zosavuta," atero a Michael Paris, wapampando wa dipatimenti ya ndale ya koleji ku koleji. zokambirana kufuna kuonjezera ndalama za CUNY. โTinakankhira kumbuyo. Mipando yonse 10 ya dipatimenti yoona za anthu ndi yasayansi yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu inanena kuti sitikhala nawo limodzi. โ
Aphunzitsi omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri pamasukulu aku koleji ndi omwe sakhala ndi nthawi yophunzitsira komanso othandizira omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chitetezo chochepa pantchito kuyambira semester mpaka semesita.
Izi zati, Bowen akuvomereza kuti zakhala zovuta kupeza njira zatsopano zokonzekera, popeza ziwonetsero, kukhalapo komanso kusamvera anthu pakali pano sizikufunsidwa chifukwa cha malamulo okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe. "Tinali ndi kalavani yagalimoto yomwe inali ndi mphamvu zambiri - anthu adayendetsa kutsogolo kwa nyumba yomwe msonkhano wa Board of Trustees unkachitika - koma sizili zofanana ndi ziwonetsero zazikulu za anthu 2,000. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu ambiri amabwera kumisonkhano yamagulu kuposa momwe timachitira m'mbuyomu, ndiye takhala ndi zokambirana zabwino. โ
Bowen alimbikitsidwanso chifukwa zomwe zidachitika ku College of Staten Island zakhala zopatsirana ndipo akuti mipando yamadipatimenti m'masukulu ena angapo a CUNY, kuphatikiza Brooklyn College, nawonso akana kutsatira zomwe akufuna kuti asiye ntchito.
Izi zimakondweretsa omaliza maphunziro a Michael Mattson. Monga wophunzira waku Brooklyn College mu pulogalamu yazaka zisanu yazaka ziwiri muakaunti ndi kasamalidwe ka bizinesi ndi zachuma, Matteson akuti akuwopa kuti kudulidwa kungachedwetse kumaliza digiri yake. Iye anati: โNdizovuta kale kupeza maphunziro amene mukufuna. โNdikuda nkhawa kuti akachepetsa chiwerengero cha makalasi omwe amaperekedwa, ophunzira ambiri asiyiratu sukulu. Ndikuda nkhawanso kuti aphunzitsi sakhala ofunitsitsa kuphunzitsa, ndipo makalasi okulirapo - ndidalembetsa nawo m'nyengo yachilimwe yomwe imalola ophunzira 130 - zitanthauza kuti palibe nthawi yolankhulana wina ndi mnzake.
Kutopa kwa Ophunzira Kumakhudza Kuchita Zochita
Trevor Griffey, pulofesa wothandizira wa mbiri yakale ku yunivesite ya California, Irvine, ndi yunivesite ya California, Los Angeles, adanena. Wopanda kuti kusowa poyera pazachuma kwalimbikitsa ogwira ntchito mu dongosolo lonse la University of California (UC). Ngakhale zili choncho, iye ananena kuti kuchititsa omaliza maphunzirowo kusonkhanitsa anthu kuti asiye zocheperako kunali kovuta.
"Ophunzira ali otanganidwa ndi kusintha kwa kuphunzitsa kwa digito, kutsika kwa maphunziro komanso momwe zimakhalira zovuta kuchita ntchitoyi pa intaneti," akutero Griffey.
โKutopa, kuda nkhaลตa, kupsinjika maganizo kwa ana asukulu osauka ndi ogwira ntchito zakhala mtolo wowonjezereka. Ophunzira a UC, monga omwe ali ku CUNY, nthawi zambiri amakhala ogwira ntchito kutsogolo, omwe amakumana ndi kuthamangitsidwa, anjala ndi odwala. COVID-19 yakhudza kwambiri anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa, ogwira ntchito komanso m'badwo woyamba. โ
Onjezani malingaliro ndi kusatsimikizika za semester yakugwa, ndipo sizodabwitsa kuti aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira ali m'mphepete.
"Chaputala cha UC cha American Federation of Teachers, mgwirizano wathu, wapanga 'mzere wosankha' pa intaneti pomwe timajambula zithunzi zokhala ndi zikwangwani zotsutsa kuchotsedwa ntchito," adatero Griffey. โChinthu chimodzi chabwino nโchakuti takhala tikuonera mgwirizano wathu ndi oyangโanira pa Intaneti, zomwe zasintha maganizo a anthu ambiri pasukulu imene amagwira. Zinthu zikadali koyambirira, koma ku UC-Irvine, izi zayatsa moto pansi pa mapazi a anthu. Nthawi yomweyo, tikudziwa kuti tili ndi vuto lalikulu. โ
Kampasi iliyonse ya UC, akuti, yasankha njira yakeyake. Ku UC-Berkeley, malinga ndi Griffey, kusowa kwa chitetezo cha ntchito kwa aphunzitsi, kuphatikizapo kuti malipiro awo apakatikati ndi $ 19,900, zachititsa kuti zigawenga ziwonjezeke komanso kulimbikitsana.
Kwa mbali yake, UC-Davis yakonza Yunivesite ya Strike, yomwe idafotokozedwa patsamba lake ngati "sukulu yophunzitsira ya m'badwo watsopano wa ogwirizanitsa mayunivesite," ndipo ikugwira ntchito kuti ilumikizane ndi mafoni apano kuti achepetse nkhawa ndi nkhawa zambiri zandale komanso zandale. Malinga ndi UC-Davis Ph.D. wophunzira komanso woyambitsa Strike University Tory Brykalski, polojekitiyi ndi yotuluka mu 2019. wildcat strike ndi ophunzira omaliza maphunziro awo ku UC-Santa Cruz omwe amafuna ndalama zolipirira ndalama zolipirira kuwonjezera pa maphunziro awo a mwezi uliwonse. Pofotokoza za kukwera mtengo kwa nyumba m'derali, ophunzira omaliza maphunzirowo adasiya ntchito. Pambuyo pake, mazana a mamembala aukadaulo mu UC adaletsa magiredi omaliza a semesita mu mgwirizano. Yunivesite inayankha kuthetsa 54 mwa ochita chidwi a ophunzira a UC-Santa Cruz.
"Dipatimenti Yowona za Ntchito ikuganiza kuti ngati wina ali ndi chitsimikizo chokwanira kuti adzagwira ntchito kugwa, sakuyenera kulandira phindu mu June, July ndi August."
Malinga ndi Brykalski, Strike University idakumana pakati pa Marichi kuti ipereke zophunzitsa pamitu monga HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, chilungamo cha chilengedwe komanso kuwunika kwa apolisi, ndipo adabweretsa olankhula ngati Cornel West ndi Tithi Bhattacharya ku gulu la ophunzira kudzera mu Zoom. . "Msasa" wachilimwe uli pakukonzekera koma udzayang'ana mozama pa kuthetsa ndende. Iye anati: โTikufuna kuti anthu aziganizira mmene dziko lopanda ndende lingaonekere.
Ophunzira omaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite ya Illinois, Chicago, atenga njira ina, kukonzekera - ndi kupambana - mwayi wopita kutchuthi chowonjezera cholipiridwa, kuphimba magawo a teletherapy ndi chilolezo cha ophunzira apadziko lonse kuti azikhala m'nyumba nthawi yachilimwe ngati zoletsa kuyenda zimawalepheretsa. kubwerera kumayiko akwawo.
Momwemonso, magulu angapo a maphunziro a m'masukulu ena adakonza zoti akwaniritse zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku za anzawo.
Seth Kahn, pulofesa wa Chingerezi ku West Chester University of Pennsylvania, ndi membala wa Association of Pennsylvania State College ndi University Faculties (APSCUF). Masukulu 14 omwe amaphatikiza boma ndi ogwirizana pakuchepetsa, koma a Kahn akuti mgwirizanowu udavomera, pre-COVID, zolimbikitsa anthu opuma pantchito kuti "achepetse kuchuluka kwa anthu." Kuonjezera apo, mutu wa West Chester wa APSCUF wakonza ndondomeko yothandizira ndalama, yopangidwa ndi thumba lachigamulo, kuti athandize othandizira omwe akusowa thandizo lolipira lendi, chakudya, inshuwalansi kapena zofunikira zina. Thumbali latolera ndalama zoposa $30,000 kuchokera kwa mamembala anthawi zonse ndipo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mowonjezera.
Mofananamo, New Faculty Majority yagwirizana nawo Tenure for the Common Good kukakamiza, osachepera, kuti makoleji ndi mayunivesite asatsutse zonena za kusowa kwa ntchito za aphunzitsi omwe sanagwire ntchito omwe amawalembera. "Othandizira adayenera kulimbana kuti apeze ulova akapanda kupatsidwa ntchito yachilimwe," mkulu wakale wa New Faculty Majority Research, Marisa Allison, adatero. "Dipatimenti Yowona za Ntchito ikuganiza kuti ngati wina ali ndi chitsimikizo chokwanira kuti adzagwira ntchito kugwa, sakuyenera kulandira phindu mu June, July ndi August."
Allison akuwonjeza kuti nthawi yakwana yoti aphunzitsi anthawi zonse - "gulu lomwe lili ndi chinsinsi cha njovu m'chipinda" - kuti awonedwe. Nthawi zambiri, Allison akuti, sawoneka kwa oyang'anira masukulu chifukwa anthu okhawo omwe amacheza nawo ndi ophunzira.
Koma ngakhale zovuta zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa kwambiri, Allison akuti akungoyang'ana chithunzi chachikulu - kumenya nkhondo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makoleji amatumikira ophunzira omwe amalembetsa. Ndi ntchito yomwe amagawana ndi Jasmine Banks, director wamkulu wa UnKoch My Campus, bungwe ladziko lonse lodzipereka kulimbana ndi chisonkhezero chosayenerera cha opereka ndalama pamakoleji.
โKuwonjezereka kwa chikapitalisti chatsoka si kwachilendo. Network ya Koch yakhala ikuyesera kusokoneza maphunziro a anthu kwa zaka zambiri, "Banki adauza Wopanda. "Akugwiritsa ntchito COVID-19 kufalitsa lingaliro loti maphunziro apaintaneti ndi abizinesi ndi anthawi yake, kuti kuphunzira patali kudzera m'makampani azinsinsi ndiyo njira yabwino yophunzitsira ophunzira. Ino ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yoti akatswiri apamwamba adziyang'ane okha, awone momwe adalowetsedwera, ndikupanga maphunziro kuti apindule ndi zabwino zonse, ndikupanga malo otetezeka komanso othandizira kuti muphunzire ndi kuphunzira. โ
Kukonzekera: Nkhaniyi idasinthidwa pa Juni 12 kuti iwonetsere kuti kudulidwa kwa malipiro a University of Arizona kuli m'malo mwa omwe akupanga $45,000 pachaka kapena kupitilira apo.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama