A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2004, mutane daga ko'ina cikin Ontario da Quebec za su je al'ummar Mohawk na Kanehsatake don nuna goyon bayansu ga sasantawa cikin lumana don yin fito-na-fito tsakanin jami'an jihar masu dauke da makamai da kuma al'ummar da ta ki su. Rikicin dai ya dauki tsawon watanni ana yi, inda al’ummar kasar suka kori wani babban hafsan hafsoshin soji ya yi ta kokarin komawa kan karagar mulki, a kan adawar da al’ummar kasar ke fuskanta, a kan wani gungun ‘yan sanda dauke da muggan makamai.
Lokacin da aka gabatar da shi a cikin kafofin watsa labaru kwata-kwata, ana gabatar da rikici a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin dakarun doka da ke fuskantar 'tsarin laifuka' a ajiyar. Gaskiyar ta bambanta sosai, kuma arangamar da aka yi a Kanehsatake nuni ne na dukkan alakar da ke tsakanin ƙasar Kanada da ƴan asalin ƙasar.
'Yan asalin ƙasar Kanada suna kusan kashi 4.4% na yawan jama'a, bisa ga ƙidayar kididdigar Kanada ta 2001. Gabaɗaya, dokar Indiya har yanzu tana sarrafa rayuwarsu. Wannan Dokar, ko da yake an yi mata kwaskwarima, an tsara ta don ta zama, kuma har yanzu tana nan, kayan aiki ne na ƙoƙarin sa ƴan asalin ƙasar su bar yancinsu na ƙasa, al'adunsu, da harsuna. Majalissar dokokin Biritaniya ta fara shigarta jiki ta farko a cikin 1857, ta biyu kuma ta Dominion of Canada a 1876. Sigar 1876 ta haramtawa wani 'Indiya' sayar da kaya ko kera kaya, ko ma barin wurin ajiya, ba tare da an rubuta ba. izini daga Wakilin Indiya. Canje-canjen da aka yi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa sun haɗa da hana ƴan asalin ƙasar yin al'ada, ba da izinin korar yara tilas zuwa 'makarantar zama' (cibiyoyin da aka yi kowane irin cin zarafi na tsari). Irin waɗannan dokoki, musamman dokar da ta hana Indiyawa barin ajiyar kuɗi ba tare da rubutaccen izini ba (wanda ake kira 'tsarin wucewa'), sun kasance da sha'awa ga tsarin mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya tsara tsarinsa akan Kanada. (1)
Wasu daga cikin mafi girman ɓangarori na dokokin (hana ayyukan al'ada, makarantun zama, da dokokin wucewa) an soke su a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. An yi ƙoƙarin kawo Dokar Indiya daidai da Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci. Wataƙila mafi mahimmanci, ikon 'Wakilin Indiya' an tura shi zuwa Majalisar Dokokin Indiyawa da Manyan Makada, waɗanda Dokar Indiya ta ayyana matsayinsu na 'Hukumomin Mulkin Kai'.
Da waɗannan sauye-sauye, gwamnatin Kanada ta juya dangantakar da ke tsakaninta da ƴan asalin ƙasar daga ɗaya daga cikin mulkin mallaka kai tsaye zuwa na mulkin mallaka kai tsaye. Duk da sauye-sauyen, duk da haka, jigogi na yau da kullun sun kasance: ba a yarda da al'ummomi wata 'yancin cin gashin kai na gaskiya ko mulkin kai; an hana su, a ƙarshe ta hanyar ƙarfi, haƙƙin samarwa ko sayar da kaya ba tare da izinin ƙasar Kanada ba; an tauye yancin walwala na mutane; Kuma ƙasarsu da al'adunsu ana kai musu hari.
Duk wannan yana faruwa a Kanehsatake.
Takardun Gaskiya Da Gaskiya
Sashen Harkokin Indiya da Arewa na Kanada yana fitar da 'Takardun Gaskiya' game da al'ummomin 'yan asali. Wadannan babu makawa 'masu kwarin gwiwa': suna bayyana 'ci gaba' na har abada da wadannan al'ummomi ke samu wajen 'mulkin kai'. Ma'anar ita ce, ba shakka, cewa al'ummomin sun koma baya, kuma gwamnatin Kanada tana taimaka musu su 'ci gaba'.
'Gaskiya Sheet' na Sashen (2) akan Kanehsatake yayi, don yin gaskiya, ya ƙunshi wasu bayanai. Ya gano al'ummar Kanehsatake a matsayin mai tazarar kilomita 53 yamma da Montreal, alal misali. Sauran abubuwan da ba a haɗa da su ba: rashin kuɗi don gidaje ko kula da lafiya, duk da yawan kuɗin da ake samu don aikin 'yan sanda da danniya; cewa majalisar bandeji ita ce babbar ma’aikacin al’umma; cewa gibin da majalisar kungiyar ta yi na dala miliyan 1.2 a shekarar 2002 an yi amfani da shi a matsayin uzuri ga gwamnati na daukar wani kamfani mai zaman kansa, PriceWaterhouseCoopers, don gudanar da harkokin kudi na al’umma, yana karbar makudan kudade na tuntuba domin ayyukansa. Hakanan ana iya jayayya da wasu sassan 'takardar gaskiya' ta.
Kamfanonin Ci gaba da Wawashewa
Takardar gaskiyar, alal misali, ta ce a ƙarƙashin shigarta na Yuni 1999 a cikin lokacinta don 'ci gaba': 'Yanzu Mohawks ne ke kula da kula da filin da Kanada ta saya a Kanehsatake da kuma yankin Oka. Mai Martaba Sarki da Kanehsatake Orihwashon:a Development Corporation ne suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar sarrafa kadarori, wanda ke da alhakin kula da kadarorin da Kanada ta saya don Mohawks.'
Kamar yadda Sashen ya gabatar, wannan yana kama da 'ci gaba' zuwa 'mulkin kai'. Amma Dan David, ɗan jaridar Mohawk da ke rubutawa ga wata takarda mai suna 'Windspeaker', ya ƙara dalla-dalla. Yarjejeniyar ta ‘dakatar da filayen dalar Amurka miliyan 14 da gwamnatin tarayya ta siya ga wani kamfani mai zaman kansa-ba kungiyar mai suna Kanehsatake Orihwa'shon:a Development Corporation ba. Ba abin da za a iya tabbatarwa; an yi komai a asirce.'
Amma ƙarin bincike (wannan bai sanya 'takardar gaskiya' ba) ya nuna cewa yarjejeniyar za ta mayar da Mohawk 'ƙasassun zama' mallakin 'kyauta mai sauƙi', cire keɓancewar haraji, buƙatar 'daidaita' dokokin bandeji tare da garin Oka' ¦.'
Canza ikon mallaka da haƙƙin mallakar filaye, dokokin haraji, da matsayin doka na yanki duk warware haƙƙoƙin yarjejeniya na ƴan asalin ƙasar. Kashe waɗancan haƙƙoƙin, a duk faɗin Kanada, babban, dogon buri ne na jihar Kanada. Ra'ayi ne mai sauƙi, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sau da yawa a kan 'yan asalin nahiyar a cikin nahiyar: nemo wanda zai sanya hannu kan 'yarjejeniya' da ke keta haƙƙin gama gari na al'umma ga ƙasar, ta yadda za a iya raba shi.
An sauƙaƙe wannan tsari a Kanehsatake saboda yawancin waɗanda suka yi rajista da ƙungiyar suna zaune nesa da al'umma: al'ummar kanta tana da kusan mutane 1000, amma akwai mambobi 750 a waje, wasu har zuwa California, suna da 'yancin jefa kuri'a, a halin da gwamnatin Kanada ta sami damar amfani da ita.
Bill S-24
Shiga na biyu na ƙarshe a cikin 'takardar gaskiya' shine na Yuni 14, 2001: 'Bill S-24, Dokar Mulki ta Kanehsatake na wucin gadi ta ƙasa, ana magana da shi zuwa ga House of Commons kuma yana karɓar Sabis na sarauta. Wannan Dokar za ta ba da tasiri a doka ga Yarjejeniyar game da mulkin Kanehsatake a kan filin ta na wucin gadi.'
Karin ci gaba? Binciken Dan David ya kawo wasu tambayoyi game da dokar. Kira shi
'matakin farko na mayar da yankin Kanehsatake Mohawk zuwa gundumomi,' David ya bayyana yadda 'a cikin Maris 2001, Ministan Harkokin Indiya na lokacin Bob Nault ya gabatar da 'Kanehsatake Rikodin Tsarin Mulkin Kasa.'
"Ministan bai je majalisar wakilai da ita ba, inda za a iya yin cikakken muhawara kan lamarin. A maimakon haka ya kai shi ga Majalisar Dattawa, wani sabon yunƙuri na wani kudurin doka da ke da tasiri mai nisa ga Haƙƙin Aboriginal da yarjejeniya.
"A cikin 'yan watanni masu zuwa, an garzaya da Bill S-24 ta hanyar sauraren karar, yawancin ana gudanar da su a cikin kyamara kuma daga idanu masu ban tsoro. Kwamitin Majalisar Dattawa mai kula da al’amuran ‘yan asalin kasar ya gabatar da rahoto, amma ya yi shiru. A ranar 15 ga Mayu, 2001 Majalisar Wakilai ta zartar da Bill S-24 akan karatu na uku. Wasu 'yan majalisar sun yi tambayoyi, amma ba su da cikakken bayani da za su ci gaba. Ranar 14 ga Yuni, Bill S-24 ya zama doka.
'Ya ɗauki watanni uku, abin ban mamaki-kusan ba a ji ba!'
Manufar ita ce a mayar da Kanehsatake zuwa karamar hukuma, wanda ke nufin za a soke haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar: wani mataki na gaba ɗaya aikin kashe haƙƙin ɗan asalin ƙasar.
'Laifuka Masu Tsara' da Sigari
Idan ba tare da wannan mahallin ba, wanda gwamnatin Kanada ke da sha'awar hanzarta kawar da 'yan asalin da ta ki bin tsarin dokokinta, ba za a iya fahimtar rikici da tashin hankali a Kanehsatake a cikin 'yan watannin nan ba. Ko kuma, ba za a iya fahimta ba tare da komawa ga wariyar launin fata da ra'ayi ba.
Na ƙarshe yana da yawa a cikin manyan kafofin watsa labaru. Wata kasida a jaridar Montreal Gazette ta Sue Montgomery, mai take 'Rein in Kanehsatake Thugs', ta kira al'umma 'gidan ƙaho' na 'yan daba da masu laifi.
Rikicin na yanzu ya fara ne a cikin watan Janairu, lokacin da Babban Hafsan al'ummar yankin (kotun Kanada suka sake dawo da shi bayan kuri'ar rashin amincewa da al'ummar kasar a shekarar 2001) aka kona gidan James Gabriel yayin wata zanga-zangar. Jibrilu shine babban jigon wannan rikici. Gabriel ne ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar wanda ya mayar da mallakar fili ga Kanehsatake Orihwa'shon: a Development Corporation kuma ya kula da 'shady dealings'. Kwanan nan, Gabriel, a cewar Dan David, ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta asirce da lauyan Janar a jajibirin Kirsimeti, lokacin da aka rufe ofisoshi kuma ba wanda ke kallo, wanda ya kai dalar Amurka 900,000 don shigo da 'yan sanda 60 'yan asalin lardin daga ko'ina cikin lardin. daga hannun 'yan sandan yankin."
Yarjejeniyar Gabriel game da aikin 'yan sanda wani bangare ne na rawar da ya taka a cikin babbar dabarar murkushe abin da gwamnatin Kanada, da kafofin watsa labarai, suka kira 'tsarin laifuka' a ajiyar. Babban aikin 'tsarin laifuka' akan waɗannan ajiyar shine siyar da 'Sigari na asali'. Babban abin sha'awa a cikin 'fashewa' a kai shi ne saboda a cikin yanayin da, a cikin kalmomin Dauda, 'Kanehsatake Mohawk Territory ba shi da aiki. Tana da yawan jama'a kusan 2,500. Yana da miliyoyin daloli na bashi. Tana da ƙarin kuɗaɗen doka sama da dala miliyan 1, godiya ga faɗar kotu marar ƙarewa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na majalisar ƙungiyar. Ba za ta iya biyan dala miliyan 1.5 da ake ɗauka don tafiyar da al’umma ba. An yanke ayyukan ko kuma an rage su sosai,' siyar da sigari na ɗaya daga cikin ƴan ayyukan da za su iya samar da ƙarancin kuɗi.
Jake Brant mai fafutuka, wanda ya rubuta wasika a watan Janairun wannan shekara, ya bayyana harin da aka kai kan ‘Sigari na asali’ kamar haka:
"Tun lokacin da sojoji suka yi kasa a gwiwa a cikin al'ummominmu a 1994, wanda ya hada da sojoji kusan 6,000 da horo na watanni, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta yi shiru tana tsara wani sabon salo don tunkarar tsarinta na 'tsarin laifuka' a cikin dukkan al'ummomin Mohawk. Laifin da ake zargin an aikata a shekarar 1994, kuma kamar yadda gwamnati ta nuna, ana ci gaba da aikatawa shi ne kera da siyar da sigari na ‘National Sigari’. Wani rahoto ya nuna bukatar 'cika da iƙirarin Indiyawa' ga haƙƙin haƙƙin ciniki tsakanin ƙabilun ƙabilu tare da al'ummomin Mohawk 'yar'uwa da masana'antar sarrafa sigari gaba ɗaya.' An kammala cewa tsarin da aka tsara game da laifin aikata laifuka ya wanzu saboda duk masu rarrabawa a Kanehsatake suna cajin farashi ɗaya na $25.00 a kowace kwali don haka yana nuna haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu mallakar.
Jake Brant ya ci gaba da cewa:
"A cikin shekara ta 2004, mutanen Mohawk sun haɓaka ƙarfin tunanin su don samun damar kafa shagunan sayar da pop, guntu, jaridu da sigari ba tare da sa hannun gungun mutane ba. Akwai shagunan sana’o’in hannu, shagunan hayaki, shagunan katako da sauran su da ba sa biyan haraji a kan hajojinsu ko ayyukansu, kuma ana ganin dukkansu a matsayin laifuffukan da aka shirya domin sun amince tare da kin karbar haraji.’
Ga Mohawks, waɗannan shaguna ne kawai waɗanda ke aiki bisa ga nasu dokokin. Ga kasar Kanada, duk da haka, suna cin zarafi ne ga ƙa'idar da ke cikin sigar dokar Indiya ta ƙarni na 19: 'yan asalin ƙasar suna samarwa da sayar da kayayyaki ba tare da izini ba, don haka dole ne a lalatar da su kuma a kai musu hari.
Grand Chief James Gabriel da 'yan sandan Kanada
Ta hanyar zanen siyar da sigari na 'Yan Asalin' a matsayin 'laifi da aka tsara', gwamnati da kafofin watsa labarai sun sami damar gabatar da Grand Cif James Gabriel a matsayin nau'in 'Elliot Ness', wanda zai 'yi tauri' kan aikata laifuka a cikin al'umma ( 3).
An zabi Grand Chief James Gabriel sau biyu, wanda ya yi wa'adi biyu bayan tsohon babban hafsan, Jerry Peltier, ya yi murabus saboda matsin lamba daga al'umma a 1995. Amma, an tsige Gabriel daga mukaminsa ta hanyar kada kuri'a a 2001. Bayan ya shaida wa al'ummar da zai mutunta nufinsu, sai ya tafi kotunan Canada, wadanda suka mayar da shi kan karagar mulkin al'umma.
Tsakanin wannan aiki, Bill S-24, da kuma wasu kura-kurai daban-daban a gwamnatin Jibrilu (4), bacin rai ya taso a cikin al’umma, kuma wasu daga cikin masu mayar da Jibrilu suka amsa da kakkausan harshe. A ƙarshen 2001, wani ya harbe ofishin 'yan sanda na Kanehsatake. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, in ji Dan David, 'daya daga cikin shugabannin wata ƙungiya mai hamayya a cikin al'ummar ya kai wa Shugaba Jibra'ilu hari.'
Yarjejeniyar sirrin dala 900,000 Gabriel ya yi wa ‘yan sandansa, da aka ambata a sama, an yi shi ne a cikin wannan mahallin. Amma sa’ad da shi da ‘yan sandansa suka yi ƙoƙarin aiwatar da wannan sabuwar doka a watan Janairun 2004, sun fuskanci turjiya mai ƙarfi daga al’umma. A wata arangama da aka yi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu inda 'yan sandan Gabriel suka yi wa masu zanga-zangar iskar gas, mai fafutuka Clifton Arihwakehte ya ce 'Gidan Gabriel ya tashi da wuta. Ba wanda ya nemi hakan, kuma ba ina cewa na yarda ba, amma dole ne ku fahimci yadda abin ya faru da kuma dalilin da ya sa ya faru.
Yanzu, a cewar Arihwakehte, Jibrilu 'yana da fansa a zuciyarsa.' Tare da yanayin da aka saita a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na cikin gida a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'shugaban da ke bin doka' yana yaƙi da 'masu aikata laifuka' a mafi muni, ko kuma na 'rarrabuwar al'umma' a mafi kyau (yanayin da 'yan waje za su iya murƙushe hannayensu na kowane nauyi), gwamnati, Gabriel, da jami'an 'yan sanda daban-daban suna kafa wani yanayi mai hatsarin gaske.
Haɗuwa da rundunar 'yan sandan Gabriel a ƙoƙarin da take yi na kwato al'ummar su ne 'yan sandan tarayya na Kanada (RCMP) da 'yan sandan lardin, Surete de Quebec. Shedun gani da ido sun bayyana cewa RCMP din sun mamaye wurare da manyan makamai a kewayen al'umma.
Abin da daya daga cikin ‘yan sandan Gabriel, Richard Walsh, ya yi, ya taka rawar gani wajen ganin Gabriel ya samu kuri’ar rashin amincewar al’ummar da ya kamata a kore shi a shekarar 2001. Baya ga aikin ‘yan sanda, Gabriel ya biya Walsh ayyuka daban-daban guda uku. na kasafin kudin al'umma. An biya Walsh ne a matsayin malamin harshen Mohawk, mai ba da shawara, kuma mai kula da yara, in ji John Harding, daya daga cikin shugabannin majalisar Mohawk na Kanehsatake. Harding, yana duba bayanan al'umma, ya gano cewa an biya Walsh sama da $100,000 ta wannan hanyar. A baya dai an samu Walsh da laifin yin wani dan sandan Mohawk, da zamba, da mallakar haramtacciyar makami, da sauran laifuka da dama.
Wasu mambobi biyu na wannan rundunar 'yan sandan, Larry Ross da Robert Bonspiel, sun shiga cikin harbin Joe David, a shekarar 1999. Joe David Jarumi ne na Mohawk wanda aka harbe shi a baya bayan da suka yi taho-mu-gama da 'yan sanda. An bar shi a gurguje, amma ya rayu har zuwa makon da ya gabata: ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Mayu, 2004, yayin da wasu mutanen da ke da hannu a harbin nasa suka sake yi wa al’ummarsa hari.
Ga shugaban rundunar John Harding, waɗannan ’yan sandan Gabriel sun zama cikakken misalan hanyoyin da James Gabriel ya bi na aikin ’yan sanda: ‘A matsayin ɗan sanda, akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na yin abubuwa. Kuna iya harba kofa da tura mutane, ko kuma kuna iya buga kofa kuma ku gabatar da sammaci. James Gabriel yana son harba ƙofofin ciki, kuma yana kai hari ga abokan gabansa na siyasa ta hanyar amfani da 'yan sanda. Wannan babban bangare ne na abin da ya yi a cikin shekaru shida da suka gabata.'
Warisose, wata ’yar gargajiya da ke aiki tare da matan dogon gida a cikin al'umma, ta bayyana tashin hankalin. 'Ba mu san abin da zai faru ba. Kowace rana, an gaya mana cewa suna ƙara ƙarin 'yan sanda. Muna cikin damuwa. Ba mu san ko za su shigo nan su harbe mutane ba.' Warisose wani bangare ne na kokarin neman sulhu na waje ta wani bangare na uku mai mutuntawa: James Gabriel ya ki irin wannan mafita.
Wannan ya yi nisa da kawanya ta farko da wannan al'umma ta fuskanta. Kanehsatake shine wurin 'Rikicin Oka' a cikin 1990, lokacin da aka tsara wuraren tsattsarkan Mohawk don zama rukunin gidaje da wasannin golf. Lokacin da al'ummomin suka yi zanga-zangar, duk yankin ya kasance da sojoji, kuma an tashi hatsaniya tsakanin jami'an jihar da ke dauke da muggan makamai da mayakan Mohawk.
Baya ga kawanya irin na soji, tare da RCMP da ke jibge manyan makamai a kan manyan motocin dakon kaya a kewayen al'umma, an kuma tura danne doka. Wani dan fafutuka na Toronto Mostafa Henaway ya ziyarci al’ummar yankin a wani bangare na tawagar da ta ziyarci al’ummar a farkon watan Mayu, ya kuma bayyana yadda aka yi amfani da rikicin ranar 12 ga watan Janairu a matsayin hujjar cin zarafi ga jama’a. An kama mutane 24 tare da rikicin. A cewar Henaway,
'mutanen al'ummar da ma ba su kai ba (a ranar 12 ga wata) an tuhume su na bogi, kamar su 'dama cikin tarzoma'. Sakamakon haka ba a ba wa wasu al’umma damar tattara jin daɗin jama’a ba, ko ma su dawo wurin ajiyar a matsayin wani ɓangare na yanayinsu. An watse iyalai da yawa. Har ila yau, an ba da izini ga yawancin samarin, wanda ya ba da uzuri ga rundunar 'yan sanda ta Surete de Quebec da Gabriel su shiga Kanehsatake bisa wadannan sammaci'¦ a ranar Litinin 3 ga Mayu, 24 daga cikin wadannan mutane sun halarci kotu. Su uku daga cikinsu, sharuddan belin sun hana su komawa cikin al’umma har sai an gama shari’ar. 'Yan sandan sun yi amfani da wannan lokacin ne a lokacin da mutane ke gaban kotu, don yin sabon yunkurin kai hari, wanda ya zama birkin kyanwa da beraye sama da sa'o'i 6, amma abin ya ci tura.'
Henaway yana tunanin cewa akwai abu ɗaya da duk wanda ya yi magana da shi ya yarda da shi: kada Jibrilu ya dawo. Clifton Arihwakehte ya yarda. Ya ce: "Idan za ku tambaya," in ji shi, "80% na gaba da Jibrilu ne." Abin da 'yan adawar al'umma ga Gabriel ke so, a cewar Arihwakehte, 'mai sauƙi ne: Ya kamata a wargaza rundunar 'yan sanda da yarjejeniya tsakanin Gabriel da babban lauya. Zaman lafiya a cikin al'umma zai kasance karkashin Kanehsatake Mohawk masu wanzar da zaman lafiya. Muna son Mohawk mafita ga wannan matsala. A ƙarshe, muna son binciken jama'a game da ayyukan James Gabriel da na 'yan sanda a duk waɗannan batutuwa.'
Notes
1) Garth Materie, 'Dokar Indiya a Tarihin Kanada', CBC Saskatchewan
2) Takardar Gaskiya - Kanehsatake
3) Elliot Ness sanannen mai aikata laifukan Chicago ne wanda ya yi amfani da dabarun 'yan sanda don 'daukar' daular laifuka ta Al Capone, kamar yadda aka yi wasan kwaikwayo a cikin fim din Brian DePalma 'The Untouchables'. Hoto ne mai fa'ida don zana kanmu azaman mai 'tsauri' mai aikata laifuka da kuma abokan gaba a matsayin 'yan daba da 'yan daba. Jaridar Montreal Gazette a fili ya yi wannan misalin a sarari:
4) A cewar Clifton Arihwakehte mai fafutuka, alal misali, Kanehsatake yana da mutane 750 da ke zaune a cikin al'umma, amma 1800 Indian-Act sun yi rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. An yi amfani da waɗannan masu jefa ƙuri'a a waje wajen zaɓen Bill S-24 a wata ƙuri'ar raba gardama, duk da kaurace wa da masu neman ƙarin bayani suka yi, da tazarar 239-237. 'Babu wanda ya san su waye waɗannan masu jefa ƙuri'a a waje', Arihwakete ya ce a cikin wata hira ta wayar tarho a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2004.
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