A cikin Janairu 2023, bayan jami'an 'yan sanda biyar kashe Tire Nichols, Shugaba Joe Biden da sauri ya fitar da sanarwa yana kira ga masu zanga-zangar da su daina tashin hankali. "Yayin da Amurkawa ke bakin ciki, ma'aikatar shari'a ta gudanar da bincikenta, kuma hukumomin jihar suna ci gaba da aikinsu, na bi sahun dangin Tyre wajen kiran zanga-zangar lumana," in ji Biden. “Ana iya fahimtar bacin rai, amma ba za a taɓa yarda da tashin hankali ba. Tashin hankali yana da barna kuma ya saba wa doka. Ba ta da gurbi a zanga-zangar lumana don neman adalci.”
A watan Yuni 2022, lokacin da Kotun Koli ta soke Roe v. Wade, Biden yayi wannan kiran ga masu zanga-zangar. “Ina kira ga kowa, ko ta yaya ya damu da wannan shawarar, da su kiyaye duk zanga-zangar cikin lumana. Mai zaman lafiya, kwanciyar hankali, kwanciyar hankali, ”Biden ya ce. “Babu tsoro. Ba a taba yarda da tashin hankali ba. Barazana da tsoratarwa ba magana ba ne. Dole ne mu tsaya tsayin daka wajen yaki da tashe-tashen hankula ta kowace hanya, ba tare da la’akari da dalilinku ba.”
Abin mamaki ne a ce shugaban kasa, tare da dukkan masu rike da madafun iko, ba wai yana amfani da wannan ikon wajen magance wata matsala ba, sai dai ya ba wa marasa karfi shawara kan yadda za su yi zanga-zangar nuna adawa da shi da kuma karyewar tsarin gwamnati. Biden, duk da haka, bai nuna irin wannan jinkirin yin amfani da waɗancan madafun iko a kan masu zanga-zangar ba. Yayin zanga-zangar Black Lives Matter na 2020 bayan kisan George Floyd, lokacin da Biden ya kasance dan takarar shugaban kasa, ya ya bayyana a sarari abin da yake so ya faru ga waɗanda ba su yi biyayya da kiran da aka yi na rashin tashin hankali ba: “Ba za mu taɓa barin abin da aka yi a cikin tattakin neman daidaito ba ya shawo kan mene ne dalilin tafiyar. Kuma abin da wadannan mutanen ke yi ke nan. Kuma a kama su, a kama su, a kuma yi musu shari’a.”
Dangane da matakin 'yan sanda na kisan kai, Biden ya yi kira masu zanga-zanga don zama "lafiya, salama, salama." A gaban masu zanga-zangar da ba sa tashin hankali, Biden ya yi kira ga 'yan sanda da su tabbatar da hakan masu zanga-zanga an same su, an kama su kuma an gwada su.
Shin masu zanga-zangar a Amurka (da watakila wasu ƙasashe inda al'adun zanga-zangar Amurka ke da ƙarfi musamman, kamar Kanada) ana gudanar da su zuwa ga mizanin da ba zai yiwu ba? A gaskiya ma, wasu ƙasashen yammacin duniya ba sa yin waɗannan buƙatun na masu zanga-zangar su - la'akari da Christophe Dettinger, dan dambe. wadanda suka yi wa wasu gungun ‘yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma na Faransa naushi, masu garkuwa, da kwalkwali har sai da suka ja da baya daga dukan sauran masu zanga-zangar a lokacin zanga-zangar yellow vest a 2019. Dettinger ya tafi kurkuku amma ya zama gwarzon kasa ga wasu. Menene makomarsa zata kasance a Amurka? Mai yiwuwa, da an kama shi a wurin, kamar yadda hoto mai hoto na halin 'yan sandan Amurka zuwa ga mutane ƙanƙanta da raunana fiye da Dettinger yayin zanga-zangar 2020 zai ba da shawarar. Idan ya tsira daga haduwa da 'yan sandan Amurka, da Dettinger zai fuskanci suka daga cikin kungiyar saboda rashin amfani da hanyoyin lumana.
Akwai sabani a nan. Amurka, kasar da kusan 800 sansanonin sojoji a fadin duniya, kasar da ta jefa bam din nukiliya a garuruwan farar hula, da kasar da kashewa dukkan abokan hamayyarta na soji a hade, suna tsammanin 'yan kasar su bi ka'idoji masu tsauri yayin zanga-zangar idan aka kwatanta da kowace kasa. Staughton da Alice Lynd a cikin bugu na biyu na littafinsu Rashin tashin hankali a Amurka, wanda aka saki a shekara ta 1995, ya rubuta cewa “Amurka ta kasance malami sau da yawa fiye da ɗalibin ɗabi’ar rashin tashin hankali.” Mawallafin anarchist Peter Gelderloos ya nakalto Lynds ba tare da yarda ba a cikin littafinsa Yadda Rashin Tashin Hankali Ke Kare Jiha, kira ga masu zanga-zangar da ba su da tashin hankali a farkon 2000s waɗanda suka sami kansu a kan tituna tare da 'yan adawa waɗanda ba su raba ra'ayinsu na rashin tashin hankali. Gelderloos ya nemi hadin kai daga masu fafutuka masu zaman kansu, yana rokon su da kar su bar jihar ta raba motsi zuwa "masu zanga-zangar masu kyau" da "mugayen masu zanga-zangar." Wannan yunkuri da ake kira "antiglobalization" ya dushe a gaban yakin da ake yi da ta'addanci bayan 2001, don haka ba a taba warware muhawarar ba.
Ga Amurka, Birtaniya, da yawancin abokansu, muhawarar game da tashin hankali na siyasa ya koma baya watakila har zuwa ga fararen pacifists waɗanda suka tabbatar da 'yan'uwansu farar fata, waɗanda suka firgita da juyin juya halin Haiti, wanda ya ƙare a 1804, cewa abolitionism ba ya nufin ƙarfafawa. bautar da mutane don tawaye ko yaƙi da baya. Yayin da suke mafarkin makomar gaba ba tare da bautar ba, masu fafutukar kawar da kai na ƙarni na 19 fahimta, kamar ’yan ƙasarsu da suke bauta, aikin bayi shi ne su sha wahala kamar Kiristoci nagari kuma su jira ceton Allah maimakon su yi tawaye. Ko da yake a hankali ya canza ra'ayinsa, abolitionist na karni na 19 William Lloyd Garrison da farko ya dage kan rashin tashin hankali ga bayi. Anan an nakalto Garrison a cikin littafin kwaminisancin kwaminisancin Italiya na marigayi Domenico Losurdo Rashin Tashin Hankali: Tarihi Bayan Tatsuniya: “Kamar yadda na kyamaci zaluncin da ’yan bautar Kudu suke yi, shi mutum ne mai tsarki a gabana. Shi mutum ne, kada hannuna ya cutar da shi, ko da yardara.” Ban da haka, ya kara da cewa, "Ban yi imani cewa makaman 'yanci sun taba zama, ko kuma za su taba zama makaman son rai ba." Yayin da rikicin ya zurfafa tare da Dokar Bawan Fugitive, Losurdo ya yi jayayya, masu fafutuka kamar Garrison sun sami wahalar yin kira ga bayin da su mayar da kansu ga bayin su ba tare da juriya ba. A 1859, Garrison ya sami kansa iya don yin Allah wadai da harin da John Brown ya kai wa Harpers Ferry.
Masanin ilimin harshe, falsafa, da ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa Noam Chomsky sun yarda da rikitattun ɗabi'a da ke tattare da rashin tashin hankali a cikin gwagwarmayar antiwar. muhawara 1967 tare da falsafar siyasa Hannah Arendt da sauransu. Chomsky, ko da yake mai ba da shawara ga rashin tashin hankali da kansa a cikin muhawarar, ya kammala cewa rashin tashin hankali shine batun bangaskiya:
"Mafi saukin martani shine a ce duk tashin hankali abin kyama ne, dukkan bangarorin biyu masu laifi ne, kuma a tsaya a ware wajen kiyaye mutuncin mutum da la'anta su duka biyun. Wannan shine mafi saukin amsa kuma a wannan yanayin ina ganin shima ya dace. Amma, saboda dalilai masu ban sha'awa, akwai muhawara na gaske kuma suna goyon bayan ta'addanci na Viet Cong, muhawarar da ba za a iya watsi da su da sauƙi ba, ko da yake ba na jin sun yi daidai. Wata hujja ita ce, wannan ta'addancin da aka zaɓe - ya kashe wasu jami'ai da kuma tsoratar da wasu - ya kasance yana ceton jama'a daga mummunar ta'addancin gwamnati, ci gaba da ta'addancin da ke faruwa a lokacin da wani jami'in rashawa zai iya yin abubuwan da ke cikin ikonsa a lardin da ya yi. controls."
“Sai kuma akwai nau’in jayayya na biyu… wanda ina tsammanin ba za a iya watsi da shi da sauƙi ba. Tambaya ce ta gaskiya ko irin wannan ta'addancin ya 'yantar da dan kasa daga halinsa na kasa da kuma ba shi damar shiga harkokin siyasa? Ni kaina zan so in yarda cewa ba haka ba ne. Ko aƙalla, Ina so in yi imani cewa rashin tashin hankali zai iya cimma sakamako iri ɗaya. Amma ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba a gabatar da hujjoji kan hakan; kawai mutum zai iya jayayya da yarda da wannan ra'ayi bisa tushen imani."
Rubuce-rubuce da yawa sun yi gargaɗin cewa koyarwar rashin tashin hankali ta haifar da lahani ga waɗanda aka zalunta. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Pacifism a matsayin Pathology da Ward Churchill, Yadda Rashin Tashin Hankali Ke Kare Jiha da kuma Rashin Tashin hankali by Peter Gelderloos, Rashin Tashin Hankali: Tarihi Bayan Tatsuniya by Domenico Losurdo, and the kashi biyu jerin "Wakilin Canji: Rashin Tashin hankali na Neoliberal na Gene Sharp" na Marci Smith.
Hatta nasarorin da aka samu na tarihi na gwagwarmayar rashin zaman lafiya suna da wani bangare na makamai a bayan fage. Ayyukan masana na baya-bayan nan sun sake duba tarihin rashin tashin hankali a cikin gwagwarmayar yancin ɗan adam na Amurka. Mabuɗin rubutu sun haɗa da Lance Hill's The Diakoni na Tsaro, Akinyele Omowale Umoja's Zamu Harbe Baya, da Charles E. Cobb Jr.'s Wannan Abubuwan Rashin Tashin Hankali Za Su Kashe Ku. Waɗannan tarihin sun bayyana ci gaba da juriya, gami da kare kai da makami, daga Baƙar fata a Amurka.
Tun kafin waɗannan tarihin kwanan nan, muna da tarihin tarihin rayuwar Robert Williams na ban mamaki da aka rubuta a gudun hijira, Negroes Tare da Bindigogi. An kori Williams daga NAACP saboda cewa a 1959: “Dole ne mu kasance a shirye mu kashe idan ya cancanta. Ba za mu iya kai wadannan mutanen da suke yi mana rashin adalci a gaban kotu ba. … Nan gaba za mu yi kokarin hukunta wadannan mutanen nan take.” Ya lura sosai cewa yayin da "Taron ba da tashin hankali ke taso a ko'ina cikin al'ummomin Baƙar fata [, ba] ko ɗaya da aka kafa a cikin fararen wariyar launin fata don magance ta'addancin Ku Klux Klan."
Yayin da suke zagaya yankunan karkarar Kudu don yakin neman ballewa, masu fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a sau da yawa suna samun - ba tare da tambayarsu ba - kariya daga 'yan sanda masu kishi da 'yan banga masu wariyar launin fata: grannies waɗanda ke zaune a kan baranda da dare tare da bindigogi a kan su. laps yayin da masu fafutuka marasa zaman lafiya suke barci; Deacons for Defence wadanda suka yi wa ‘yan sanda barazana da fadan bindiga idan suka kuskura suka juya tudun ruwa a kan daliban da ba sa tashin hankali da ke kokarin ware wurin shakatawa. A halin da ake ciki, nasarorin da ƙungiyoyin masu zaman kansu suka samu a cikin majalisa sukan haɗa da barazana ko gaskiyar tarzoma. A cikin Mayu 1963 a Birmingham, Alabama, alal misali, bayan an yi tattaki ba tare da tashin hankali ba crushed, tarzomar mutane 3,000 ta biyo baya. Daga karshe a yarjejeniyar desegregation aka ci nasara a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1963. Mai kallo daya jãyayya cewa "kowace ranar tarzomar ta cancanci shekara ta zanga-zangar 'yancin jama'a."
Kamar yadda Lance Hill yayi jayayya a ciki Deacons don Tsaro:
"A ƙarshe, rarrabuwa ya ba da ƙarfi don tilastawa kamar yadda ya haifar da ɗabi'a. Tashe-tashen hankula da suka hada da tarzoma a kan tituna da makami sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawar da rarrabuwar kawuna da wariya na tattalin arziki da siyasa daga shekarar 1963 zuwa 1965. Sai dai bayan da barazanar tashin hankalin bakar fata ta bulla ne dokar kare hakkin jama'a ta shiga sahun gaba a shirin kasa. ”
Kiraye-kirayen na yau da kullun na Biden na rashin tashin hankali daga masu zanga-zangar yayin da suke ba da izinin tashin hankali daga 'yan sanda suna neman abin da ba zai yiwu ba kuma mai tarihi. A cikin muhimman lokuta na tarihin Amurka, rashin tashin hankali yakan kai ga tashin hankali.
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