EMASONTWENI ambalwa azayo, uHulumeni waseManmohan Singh uzobhekana novivinyo lwesibili olukhulu lwezikhali zenuzi zase-Iran. I-United States kanye nabalingani bayo base-Europe babonakala bezimisele ukudlulisela uTehran kuMkhandlu Wezokuphepha weZizwe Ezihlangene ngokulandela uhlelo lwamandla enyukliya angekho emthethweni ngokungahambisani ne-diktats yaseWashington. Ukucasulwa kwe-hysteria yakamuva yasentshonalanga yisinqumo se-Iran sokwenza ucwaningo lokuguqulwa kwe-uranium nezinye izici zomjikelezo wamafutha enuzi. Lokhu kuhlola kwenzeka ezikhungweni ezivikelwe ngokugcwele yi-International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Ngaphezu kwalokho, le misebenzi ayinqatshelwe nakancane ngaphansi kweNuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) noma I-Iran's Safeguards Agreement with the IAEA, eshicilelwe yi-Ejensi njenge Infcirc 214.
I-Article 4 ye-Infcirc 214 ithi: “Izivikelo ezihlinzekwe kulesi Sivumelwano zizosetshenziswa ngendlela eklanyelwe: (a) Ukugwema ukuthikameza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho nezobuchwepheshe kwe-Iran noma ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe emkhakheni wezenzo zenuzi ezinokuthula, okuhlanganisa ukushintshana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngezinto zenuzi; (b) Ukugwema ukuphazamiseka okungadingekile emisebenzini enokuthula yase-Iran, futhi ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni kwezinsiza; …”
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-Infcirc 214 —isivumelwano esiyinhloko esingokomthetho esilawula ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-Iran ne-IAEA — sibeka ngokucacile ukuthi i-Ejensi yenza noma yini engase iphazamise ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-Iran emkhakheni wemisebenzi yenuzi enokuthula. Ukwenza ucwaningo nokuhlola umjikelezo kaphethiloli wenuzi ngokusobala kuwela ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba. Noma kunjalo, i-US kanye neBrithani, iFrance, neJalimane (okubizwa ngokuthi i-European-3 noma i-E-3) manje ifuna i-IAEA Board of Governors ukuthi ihlangane ngesisekelo esiphuthumayo ngenhloso yokudlulisela i-Iran ku-UNSC ubugebengu bokungalandeli izibopho zayo zokuvikela.
Ngaphansi kweSivumelwano Sokuvikela, i-Iran ibophekile ukuba yamukele izivikelo “kuyo yonke imithombo noma izinto ezikhethekile ezihlukanisekayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yenuzi enokuthula … ngenjongo ekhethekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi leyo mpahla ayiphambukiselwa kuzikhali zenuzi noma ezinye iziqhumane zenuzi.” Ngasohlangothini lwayo, i-IAEA “inelungelo nesibopho” sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izivikelo ziyasetshenziswa kuyo yonke le misebenzi “ngenhloso ekhethekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi leyo mpahla ayiphambukiselwe ezikhalini zenuzi noma kwezinye iziqhumane zenuzi.”
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, i-Iran (njengeNingizimu Korea, i-Taiwan, i-Egypt kanye namanye amazwe ambalwa) yehlulekile ukubika ku-IAEA — futhi ngalokho yaqinisekisa ukuvikelwa —kuningi lemisebenzi ehlobene nenuzi. Lezi zigameko zaphenywa kahle ngabahloli be-Ejensi futhi amafayela afanele kulokhu avalwa. Ngakho embikweni wakhe ku-IAEA Board of Governors ngoSepthemba 2, 2005, uMqondisi-Jikelele uMohammed el-Baradei waphawula ukuthi "zonke izinto zenuzi ezimenyezelwe e-Iran zibaliwe, ngakho-ke izinto ezinjalo aziphambukiselwa emisebenzini engavunyelwe." UDkt. el-Baradei uthe nokho, i-IAEA ibingakakwazi ukuphetha ngokuthi azikho izenzo zenuzi “ezingakamenyezelwa” ezenzeka e-Iran - isibopho esingaveli esivumelwaneni sokuvikela kodwa kuphela Iphrothokholi Eyengeziwe i-Iran yathi izobambelela ngokuzithandela ngo-2003.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu kutholwe, Ibhodi Lababusi — lisebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-US kanye ne-E-3— ivota ngoSepthemba 24 ngonyaka odlule ukuthola i-Iran ingathobeli isivumelwano sayo sokuvikela kumongo we-athikili XIIC yeSitatimende se-IAEA. Okwakunganakwa kalula ukuthi i-athikili XIIC, kanye nezindatshana 18 kanye ne-19 ze-Infcirc 214, zichaza ukungathobeli ngokuyisisekelo njengokuphambukiswa kwezinto ezivikelwe ngezinjongo ezingavunyelwe, into uDkt. el-Baradei ayeyikhiphe ngokusobala. Njengesixazululo emazweni ayengakhululekile ngendlela umbuzo wase-Iranian obufakwe ngayo kwezombusazwe ngokungafanele, ibhodi linqume ukusimisa isikhathi sokudluliselwa kwe-Iran kuMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN owawugunyazwe ngaphansi kwe-XIIC. Kodwa-ke, le sop yayihloselwe kuphela njengento edingekayo ukuze ihoxiswe ngesikhathi esikahle sokuqala. Futhi lowo mzuzu, maqondana neWashington, usufikile manje.
Kunikezwe ukwakheka kwamanje kweBhodi Lababusi elinamalungu angama-35, i-US akufanele ibe nobunzima ekutholeni amavoti adingekayo ukuze ithumele idokodo lase-Iran eMkhandlwini Wezokuphepha. Nakuba okuzokwenzeka ngemva kwalokho kuwukuqagela kwanoma ubani, ulwazi lwe-UN ne-Iraq luphakamisa ukuthi izinyathelo zokuphoqelela nezokujezisa azisizi izinto uma kuziwa ekudambiseni ukukhathazeka kwamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nokuba khona okungenzeka kwezikhungo ezihlobene nezikhali zenuzi ezingekho emthethweni kunoma yiliphi izwe. Emazwini kaDkt. el-Baradei, i-IAEA ayikakabi sesimweni sokumemezela ukuthi i-Iran “ayinamisebenzi noma izinsiza zenuzi ezingakamenyezelwa.” Uma ukungakwazi kwe-IAEA ukwenza isimemezelo esinjalo kungaba izizathu zokubika izwe eMkhandlwini Wezokuphepha futhi lisabise ngokujeziswa, amazwe angekho ngaphansi kwe-106 - njengoba kwagcizelelwa yi-European Union ngonyaka odlule - kuyodingeka bafakwe esitokisini ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi abakasayini noma abakaqinisekisi noma abakayisebenzisi iProtocol eyengeziwe.
Uma inhloso kuwukuqinisekisa ngempela ukuthi i-Iran ayinazo izinto zenuzi ezingakamenyezelwa —inhloso ephuthumayo nencomekayo, umuntu angase angeze -—indlela engcono kakhulu yokuyifeza ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokuhlolwa kwe-IAEA. Amasayithi okusolakala ukuthi afihle izindawo ezicashile angase aqondiswe ekuhlolweni okumangazayo noma okufushane. Kepha uma inhloso kuwukugcina iveli lokungacaci kahle njengekusasa le-casus belli, ukubhekisa i-Iran ku-UNSC kungaba yisinyathelo esiphusile okufanele sithathwe ngoba iWashington ifisa “ukucupha” iTehran ukuthi inqamule ukuxhumana kwayo ne-IAEA noma imemezele ukuthi ngeke ukuvumela isikhathi eside ukuhlolwa — umzila owodwa okungasungulwa ngawo ubumsulwa bawo.
KuHulumeni waseManmohan Singh, umkhankaso wakamuva wokudlulisela i-Iran ku-UNSC nokubeka unswinyo njengesijeziso udala inselelo enzima yezomthetho nezepolitiki. NgoSepthemba wonyaka odlule, i-India ivotele isinqumo se-IAEA kodwa futhi inikeze "incazelo yevoti" lapho iveze khona ukuthi ayikholelwa ukuthi i-Iran ayihambisani nemithetho noma ukuthi uhlelo lwenuzi lwase-Iran ludale imibuzo engaphansi kwamandla oMkhandlu Wezokuphepha. Akukho okwenzekile kusukela ngoSepthemba ukuze kwenziwe lokhu kubhukha okubili kungasebenzi.
Uma kukhona, umbiko ka-November 2, 2005, kaDkt. el-Baradei yayikujabulele ukusebenzisana kwe-Iranian, yingakho i-E-3 inqume ngobuhlakani ukungacindezeli ukuthi kudluliselwe uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha ngokushesha. Futhi ukuqaliswa kabusha kocwaningo lwenuzi oluvikelwe — nakuba kuphawula ukuphela kokumisa ngokuzithandela kwe-Iran, ukuzibekela yona ngokwayo yonke imisebenzi ehlobene nomjikelezo kaphethiloli - ngeke kubizwe ngokuthi ukwephulwa kwezivikelo ze-IAEA.
Umuntu angangabaza ubuhlakani bezepolitiki bukaTehran ekukhetheni ukuqeda lokhu kumiswa okwamanje kodwa hhayi ilungelo lakhe lokukwenza lokho. Uma ivoti laseNdiya elimelene ne-Iran ngonyaka odlule lamangaza umhlaba futhi kwadala isivunguvungu sezepolitiki ekhaya, ukuvota futhi manje kuzokwenza inhlekisa ngezikhundla zezwe ezishiwo ngokusemthethweni futhi kubuze, futhi, ukuzibophezela kukaHulumeni “kunqubomgomo yezangaphandle ezimele.
Kuleli sonto, lapho uNobhala Wombuso wase-US u-Nicholas Burns efika eNew Delhi, udaba lwase-Iran kungenzeka lugqame kakhulu njengokwehlukaniswa okuhleliwe kwezikhungo zenuzi zase-India nezempi. Yize igqugquzelwa ukucatshangelwa kwamasu okukhudlwana, isivumelwano esiyingqopha-mlando sangoJulayi odlule se-US-India mayelana nokusebenzisana kwezikhali zenuzi siphinde sixhunywe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nombuzo wase-Iran mayelana nokuphatha kukaBush. Ku isithangami sabezindaba ngoJanuwari 5, UNobhala Wezwe wase-United States u-Condoleezza Rice wayengenakucacisa ngale ndaba lapho ebuzwa ngezizathu zokuthi kungani isivumelwano senuzi ne-India sasibaluleke kangaka eWashington: “Ngeke sithi kumaNdiya ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngeke —singathanda ukuthi — ubungahlanganyeli ebudlelwaneni bamandla, isibonelo, i-Iran, kodwa empeleni, i-civil nuclear ivaliwe kuwena.
Abaxolisi ngevoti lokuqala le-IAEA ngokumelene ne-Iran ngoSepthemba odlule bathi uma abantu baseMelika begcizelela ukuthi 'noma-noma', kuyintshisekelo ye-India ukukhetha ukusebenzisana kwenuzi ne-Washington phezu kwama-hydrocarbons avela e-Iran. Abakuqapheli ukuthi izwe elinamandla eNdiya linamandla ezombusazwe kanye nezombusazwe ukuze likuthole kokubili. Okunye abangakuqapheli ukuthi inkomba encane yokuzimisela kwamaNdiya ukuvumela i-US ukuthi isho izinqumo zayo zamasu kuzoholela eWashington ukuthi izame ukukhipha okwengeziwe.
Ivoti laseNdiya elimelene ne-Iran ngonyaka odlule, ngokwesibonelo, lahola i-US ukuzama nokubeka imibandela emisha lokho kwaphambana nencwadi nomoya wesivumelwano senuzi sikaJulayi 18. Phakathi kwalokhu kwakukhona isidingo sokuthi i-India yamukele ukuvikela okungapheli futhi ilahle izimangalo zayo —njengoba kuqashelwa kuleso sivumelwano — emalungelweni afana ncamashí nezibopho emkhakheni wezikhali zenuzi njenge-US Nezingxoxo mayelana nezikhali zenuzi zezempi nezempi. ukwehlukana kume ngokujulile, uHulumeni waseManmohan Singh kufanele amelane nesilingo sokucwayiza okwesibili.
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Bheka futhi uchungechunge lwami lwangaphambili lwezihloko nge-Iran kanye ne-IAEA:
I-Persian Puzzle I: Iran kanye nokusungulwa kwenkinga yenuzi (21 Septhemba 2005)
I-Persian Puzzle II: Lokho okwatholwa yi-IAEA ngempela e-Iran (22 Septhemba 2005)
I-Persian Puzzle III: Umhlaba kufanele ume uqine ekukhulumeni (23 Septhemba 2005)
Ukwembulwa kwephazili yaseNdiya yasePheresiya (27 Septhemba 2005)
Uma ubuxhwanguxhwangu bungenele, zama ulwazi olungahlosiwe (21 Novemba 2005)
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