Ukuze uthole 'usizo' ekubeni 'umbuso womhlaba', i-India iyacelwa ukuthi yenze konke engakwenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhulunyaka lama-21 liba ikhulu leminyaka laseMelika e-Asia. Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana kwezempi kanye namalungelo okufinyelela kuyizinyathelo zokuqala kule nqubo.
KHOHLWA isiphehli senuzi ebhodini noma izikhali zenuzi lapho iWashington ingakuqinisekisi noma ikuphike. Isizathu sangempela sokuthi amaNdiya angakhululeki ngokumema uhulumeni USS Nimitz ukwehlisela ihange e-Chennai ukuphikisa kwabo ukujula kobudlelwano bamasu ne-United States obumelwe yilolu hambo.
Lokhu kuphikiswa kugqugquzelwa ngokuphelele umbono wokuthi i-US iyimbangela yokungazinzi e-Asia, ukuthi ukuhlasela kwayo i-Iraq kanye nokulwa ne-Iran kulimaze indawo yezokuphepha entshonalanga yethu, kanye nokuthi imizamo yayo ecashile yokuzungeza iChina izokwenza. yenza umonakalo omkhulu kumathemba okuphepha ngokubambisana e-Asia kunokuhle. I-anchor ye-TV ihogele ngokuphambene ngolunye usuku ukuthi abantu babephikisana nokuvakasha komkhumbi kuphela ngoba kwakunguMelika. Awu, yilokho kanye iphuzu. Ugcine nini ukuzwa ngemikhumbi yaseRussia noma yaseFrance edubula indawo yakithi? Uma i-US Navy ifuna inkululeko yokuhamba ngomkhumbi isigamu sinqamula umhlaba ukuze iguqule i-Iraq ibe isihogo esiphilayo kubantu bayo noma yesabise i-Iran, kungani umuntu kufanele acasule amaNdiya ngenkululeko yokuthi angathanda ukungayibambi imikhumbi enjalo?
Yize uNdunankulu uManmohan Singh etshele izintatheli ukuthi uNimitz akanazo izikhali zenuzi, ukaputeni womkhumbi ubelokhu engakafiki. Manje i-Nimitz, cishe, iphethe ama-wea pons ajwayelekile kuphela kodwa abanye abahlaziyi baye baphikisana ngokuthi noma ngabe i-Nimitz yayihlome ngezikhali zenuzi, kungaba ubuzenzisi ukuba amaNdiya aphikise njengoba i-India ngokwayo inezikhali zenuzi. Le mpikiswano ayinalwazi futhi ayithembekile.
Ibhomu lenuzi laseNdiya liwububi obudingekayo obuphoqelelwe ezweni ngokwehluleka kwezizwe ezinhlanu ezinkulu zezikhali zenuzi ukuqeda izikhali. AmaNdiya amaningi ayenokungabaza ngesizathu sokuhlolwa kwango-1998 kodwa leli bhomu ngeke lifiswe njengoba seliphumele obala. Kodwa-ke, imfundiso ye-nuclear yase-India ayicabangi ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwezikhali zenuzi, futhi isiko lezombangazwe lezwe ngeke livume ukuthi zisetshenziswe njengethuluzi lokuhlukumeza amazwe okungezona ezenuzi. Ngokuphambene, izikhali zenuzi zaseMelika zisekelwe kumgomo wokuteleka kokuqala. I-US idlulele ngaphesheya kokuqonda kukaReagan-Gorbachev ukuthi impi yenuzi ayikwazi ukuliwa noma inqotshwe. Izikhali zenuzi ezikhiqiza kancane ziklanyelwe ukuzenza "zisebenziseke" futhi ukuvikela imicibisholo kuhloswe ngayo ukunikeza i-US inkululeko yokuqothula isitha senuzi ngaphandle kokuphindiselwa emuva.
Uma kubhekwa lezi ntuthuko, ezithunaza kakhulu ukuphepha kwamaNdiya ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele kanye nelesifunda, umuntu ngeke angabi nandaba nokuba khona okungenzeka kwezikhali zenuzi eNimitz. I-India kufanele ifune isiqinisekiso esiqinile kunoma yiliphi izwe elifuna ukuthumela umkhumbi emanzini aseNdiya ukuthi izikhali zenuzi azikho emkhunjini. Izithakazelo zama-India azenziwanga ngokuqiniseka ngesimo senuzi nemfundiso yase-US nanoma yisiphi esinye isimo sezikhali zenuzi, noma ngokulungiselela ukuthunyelwa phambili phambili kwezikhali ezinjalo. Ngokunjalo, uma i-India ibingenza ubuwula bokuthumela izikhali zenuzi olwandle, noma yiliphi izwe lapho umkhumbi wamasosha aseNdiya amadokodo ayoba nelungelo lokufuna isiqinisekiso sokuthi azikho izikhali zenuzi emkhunjini.
Kusukela ku-Kicklighter kuya e-Nimitz
Nokho, kubalulekile, umbuzo wezikhali zenuzi ubomvu. Ngenhloso yangempela ngemuva โkokuvakasha okuyingqophamlandoโ komphathi wendiza ukuzolalisa umphakathi wamaNdiya ezinhlelweni zeminyaka eyishumi zePentagon zokufinyelela kwezinto kanye โnokusebenzelanaโ namasosha aseNdiya, ngaleyo ndlela enze bushelelezi ukubamba iqhaza kwe-India ekugcineni โezinhlakeni zokubambisana eziholwa yi-US. ukuqaphaโ endaweni ebanzi yase-Asia.
Ngomqondo othile, umlando wokuvakasha kukaNimitz uhlehlela emuva ku-1991, lapho uLt. Gen. Claude C. Kicklighter, owayengumkhuzi we-US Army Pacific, enikeza iqoqo leziphakamiso zokubambisana kwebutho nebutho neNdiya. Lokhu kwakuhilela ukuvakasha kwezisebenzi okufanayo kanye nokufunda nokuqeqeshwa kwabakhuzi njengezakhiwo zokufinyelela okuphelele kwe-US ezikhungweni zamaNdiya. 'Iminithi Okuvunyelenwe Ngayo Ngobudlelwano Bezokuvikela' yango-1995 yengeza izivivinyo ezihlanganyelwe futhi yaba nethemba lokudluliswa kobuchwepheshe okukhulu kodwa uhlangothi lwaseNdiya lwasheshe lwathola ukuthi i-US yayinentshisekelo kuphela ekujuliseni ubudlelwano besevisi-to-service. Ukuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi ngo-1998 kwaphazamisa umfutho wokubuthana kodwa ngo-1999 ukuxhumana nabokuvikela base besebenza futhi.
Ngemuva kokunikezwa kweNdiya kwezindawo zamasosha e-US ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi ehlaselayo e-Afghanistan, ubudlelwano bathatha inguquko entsha. I-Pentagon incamele i-Pakistan njengenkundla yesiteji kodwa yasebenzisa isithembiso se-India sokuphusha isivumelwano sokweseka izinto, njengoba kwavunywa u-Admiral Dennis C. Blair ngoFebhuwari 2002. Ijubane lokuvivinya umzimba kwemikhumbi nomoya lakhuphuka. Kodwa-ke, uhlangothi lwase-US lwabona ukuthi umthetho-sisekelo omusha wawudingeka ukuze uthole izinzuzo ezigcwele ezinikezwa yi-India. Ikakhulukazi, abahleli bePentagon babazi ukuthi inqubomgomo ekhululeke kakhudlwana mayelana nokudluliswa kwezikhali yayidingeka, hhayi nje njengesithako esimnandi ngasohlangothini lwaseNdiya kodwa njengento ebalulekile ekuphishekeleni ukusebenzisana. Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaZibandlela wezi-2001, izikhulu eziphezulu zamasosha ase-US nazo zantanta umqondo wokulungiswa komthetho wasekhaya wenuzi waseMelika njengesikhuthazo sokuthi amaNdiya abambisane.
Emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kwesivumelwano senuzi sikaJulayi 2005, i-India kanye ne-US basayine 'Uhlaka Olusha Lobudlelwano Bezokuvikela,' olwalucabanga uhlelo lokusebenza olusukela ekuzilolongeni okuhlanganyelwe, ukubambisana emisebenzini yamazwe ngamazwe, "ukwandisa [ukuthuthukisa] ukusebenzisana nezinye izizwe" ( okungukuthi abalingani base-US njenge-Japan ne-Australia), ukuthuthukisa amakhono okulwa nokwanda kwezikhali ezibhubhisayo, ukusebenzisana kwezokuvikela imicibisholo, nokunye. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, izici ezimbalwa zalolu hlelo lokusebenza seziqalile ukusebenza.
Yize i-India isalokhu iphikisana ne-Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), izivivinyo ezimbili zokugcina zokugcina ze-'Malabar' zibone ukuqeqeshwa okuhlobene ne-PSI okufana nokuvinjwa kolwandle kanye nemisebenzi ye-VBSS (vakashela-ibhodi-search-search-seizure). Imihlangano yezokuphepha yamazwe amane isiqalile. Ukuthengiswa kwakamuva kwe I-USS Trenton (wabhaliswa kabusha i INS Jalashwa) - manje umkhumbi wesibili ngobukhulu ohlwini lwezimpahla zaseNdiya - uzovumela i-Indian Navy ukuthi ithumele indawo yokuma yesiteji sohlobo lwemisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe uhlaka olusha lwezokuvikela olucabangayo. Izindiza zokuthutha i-Hercules nazo zithengiwe e-US On the anvil manje kuyinkontileka yezindiza eziyi-126 ezidlala indima eminingi (MRCA) lapho iWashington ifaka khona umkhankaso onolaka.
Ekhuluma ngesonto eledlule ethula incwadi yakhe, I-New Asian Power Dynamic, isazi sezobuchwephesha saseNdiya esivelele kanye nomgqugquzeli Webhodi Lokweluleka LoMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezokuphepha, u-MK Rasgotra, wagomela ngokuthi 'Ikhulu Leminyaka Lase-Asia'; - okuyindlela umhlaba wonke ukhuluma ngayo ngekhulu lama-21 ngeChina ekhuphukayo kanye neNdiya ekhulayo - "kungenzeka ukuthi kube 'iNkulungwane YaseMelika e-Asia'." UNdunankulu uManmohan Singh wasilalela ngokunganaki lesi sibikezelo esimangalisayo. Ezamazwe ngamazwe, kamuva wathi, kwakungewona umdlalo wokuziphatha. Uqinisile. Kodwa lo mbono 'wekhulunyaka laseMelika e-Asia' awukona nje ukusolwa ngokokuziphatha, futhi ubonisa ukungakwazi kwamaNdiya ukucabanga ngendlela ehlakaniphile mayelana nokuvela kwekusasa lase-Asia kanye nokubona ngeso lengqondo izakhiwo lapho isifunda singakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga zayo. izinkinga zezomnotho nezepolitiki ngaphandle kokungenelela okudicilela phansi noma 'ubuholi' bamandla angaphandle.
UWashington uyabazi lobu buthakathaka baseNdiya. Yingakho izingxoxo eziyiphakamisayo yilezi: i-US 'izosiza' i-India ibe umbuso omkhulu womhlaba ngokushintshanisa i-India yenza konke okusemandleni ayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi 'ikhulu leminyaka laseMelika e-Asia' liba ngokoqobo. Isivumelwano senuzi sangoJulayi 2005 sagqugquzelwa ngokwengxenye yile nhloso futhi umqondo ofanayo uqhubekisela phambili i-bonhomie emangalisayo phambili kwezempi.
I-India iyazi ukuthi lokhu kuyinzuzo kodwa icabanga ukuthi ingaphuma ngezinyathelo eziyingxenye. Ukusungulwa kwayo kuyabona ukuthi izinqubomgomo eziningi zase-US esifundeni - njengase-Iran - zibukela phansi izintshisekelo zamaNdiya. Isibonelo, ukuhlola komphakathi wezobunhloli ukuthi izingxoxo ezisabisayo zaseWashington (i-Nimitz eyingxenye yazo) zingaqukatha inkinga yase-Iran isikhathi esithile kodwa futhi kwandisa amathuba okubhekana namasosha, kube nemiphumela emibi e-India kusukela ekuphazamisekeni kwamandla. , izinsongo kubantu baseNdiya abahlakazekile eGulf, kanye nethuba lokwanda kobuphekula. Futhi nokho, ukuziqhubela phambili, ukuhlangana kwemvelo yokusebenzelana ne-US kunomqondo wayo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngobudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwamasosha amabili.
Ngaphandle kwe-equation ethi '123 kuya ku-126' exhumanisa inkontileka ye-MRCA nesiphetho sesivumelwano senuzi, iWashington ifaka ingcindezi okungenani kwezinye izinkambu ezimbili eziphathelene nezokuvikela. Imagange ukuthi i-India isayine i-Access and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA) ezovumela amasosha aseMelika ukuthi afinyelele kaningi ezindaweni zaseNdiya. Isitatimende sikaBush-Manmohan sangoMashi 2006 sathi lesi sivumelwano - esibizwa ngokuthi iLogistics Support Agreement ngenxa yokuzwela kwamaNdiya - sizolunga maduze kodwa uhlangothi lwaseNdiya luzishaya indiva izimfuno i-US ezenza njengokuthi iGoa neKochi zibe "amachweba ahlala unomphela." bizaโ iButho Lasemanzini Lase-US elijutshwe ePersian Gulf. I-US futhi ifuna i-India ilethe imikhumbi-ngwenya yayo ye-Sindhugosh ('ikilasi le-Kilo') eyakhiwe e-Russian ukuze izivivinye ngokuhlanganyela ukuze ifunde kabanzi mayelana nokusayina kwayo ngaphansi kwamanzi. Abahleli bePentagon bakubheka njengokubalulekile lokhu ngoba i-Iran inemikhumbi-ngwenya yekilasi le-Kilo futhi noma yikuphi ukuhlasela okusekelwe olwandle e-Iran kungaba sengozini yokuhlaselwa yi-torpedo. Ngokunxusa kweRussia, i-Indian Navy kuze kube manje yenqabile ukuphoqelela.
Uma kuziwa ekukhuliseni umlingani, nokho, i-US inamandla omgijimi webanga elide. Kuthathe iminyaka engu-16 ngemuva kokuvakasha kukaGeneral Kicklighter e-India ukuthi i-USS Nimitz imise ihange emanzini aseNdiya. I-US iyazi ukuthi lapho ifaka ukusebenzelana okwengeziwe eNdiya, kuba nzima nge-India ukwenqaba izimfuno ezikhulayo. Ngokwemigomo yezempi, inemigomo emibili. Okokuqala, ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi amabutho ahlomile aseNdiya awalokothi abe yisithiyo ezithakazelweni ze-American hegemonic ngokwawo noma ngokuhlanganyela namanye amandla ase-Asia. Okwesibili, ukunikeza imisebenzi esezingeni eliphansi ye-hegemony, njengokugada, ukusiza abantu, ukugcinwa kokuthula, nokusimamisa. I-US iyabona ukuthi i-India ayisoze yavuma ukuthumela amasosha esimweni sokuhamba njenge-Iraq. Kodwa eminyakeni emithathu ezansi komgwaqo, ngokwesibonelo, ingathanda ukukwazi ukwenza amaNdiya, athi, athumele i-INS Jalashwa eSomalia ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi wokuzinzisa emazweni amaningi kanye nozakwabo wezempi, i-Ethiopi a. Yiqiniso, i-India ayiyona into ephushayo. Kepha iWashington yazi ukuthi njengoba amasosha amabili eqhubeka ebambene, kuzoba yindleko enkulu kuDelhi ukwenqaba usizo lapho 'umlingani wakhe wamasu' ethi uyaludinga.
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