Ukusungulwa kabusha koMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wokweluleka ngaphansi kukaSonia Gandhi, okumenyezelwe uhulumeni wase-India we-United Progressive Alliance, kuyizindaba ezinhle. I-NAC yasekuqaleni yafa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngoba uGandhi wayiyeka ngemva kwengxabano yehhovisi lenzuzo. Amalungu ephalamende awakwazi ngokuvamile ukuba nehhovisi eliholayo.
Umthetho lo usulungisiwe ukuze iNAC ikhululeke kulesi siboniso. I-NAC entsha kufanele yeluleke i-UPA ngokuletha ukukhula okubandakanya wonke umuntu. I-UPA yayikuthembisile lokhu ngaphambi kokhetho luka-2004 futhi yakuphinda ngo-2009.
I-UPA isikhaphele ngokusobala isithembiso. Kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, izilinganiso zobumpofu zisalokhu ziphezulu kakhulu naphezu kokukhula ngokushesha kwe-GDP; Amaphesenti angama-77 amaNdiya aphila ngama-Rs20 noma ngaphansi ngosuku. Ngenkathi amaphesenti ayi-10 aphezulu ehola imali engenayo yonyaka Yomhlaba Wokuqala njengama-Rs5 crores, abampofu basemhlabeni kufanele benze ama-Rs7,000 ngonyaka.
Ukwehlukana kwezifunda kanye nemikhakha kukhule ngendlela eshaqisayo njengoba ukukhula sekuntekenteke kanye nezolimo ezisafufusa sezingasasebenzi. Lokhu kwenze abalimi abangu-1.99 lakh bazibulala phakathi kuka-1997 no-2008. Lesi sibalo esishaqisayo asikaze sibe khona emlandweni womhlaba. Ukuzibulala kwabalimi kusabalele kusukela eVidarbha nase-Andhra kwaze kwafika ePunjab ephumelelayo, izwe laseNdiya elithuthuke kakhulu kwezolimo.
Abanye abantu abayizigidi eziyi-100 bangene ebuphofini amashumi amabili eminyaka โyemakethe yamahhalaโ noma izinqubomgomo ze-neoliberal. Izinga le-India's Human Development Index lehlile lisuka ku-121 ngo-1991 laya ku-134.
I-UPA bekulindeleke ukuthi yethule ukufana kokulingana enqubweni yokukhula. Kunalokho, iphambukele kwesokudla futhi yanikeza izicebi ikhefu lentela, kuyilapho ishiya abampofu bebhekana nokwehla kwamandla emali okudla ngamaphesenti angu-18.
I-UPA yehlulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kokudla okunomsoco kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo komphakathi. Ukwehluleka kohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuwumthwalo omkhulu ngisho nalabo abampofu kakhulu futhi kubaphoqa ukuthi baye kowaka bodokotela noma bafe ngenxa yokwenqaba ukwelashwa.
I-NAC entsha kumele ilungise ngokuphangisa lezi zinkinga ezimbili, njengoba nje owandulelayo wayegxile kuMthetho Wesiqinisekiso Sokuqashwa Kwezindawo Zasemakhaya kanye neLungelo Lokuthola Ulwazi. Kumele ngokushesha inake ezinye izindaba ezifana nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okuphuza aphephile, ingqalasizinda yezokulima, imfundo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Umthetho Wokuvikeleka Kokudla udingeka ngokushesha ukuze kuthuthukiswe amazinga okudla okunempilo phakathi koquqaba. Indlala eNdiya inobukhulu obusabekayo. Ku-Global Hunger Index ye-International Food Policy Research Institute, i-India ikleliswe ku-65 (kumazwe angama-88). Izinga lasePakistan lingama-58.
Naphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabili yokukhula ngokushesha kwe-GDP, i-India ihola kabi kakhulu kunomakhelwane bayo, ngaphandle kwe-Bangladesh, futhi imbi kakhulu kunamazwe angaphezu kwama-20 ase-Sub-Saharan Africa ahlangabezane nokuwa komnotho, izimpi zombango, indlala kanye nokubulawa kwabantu phakathi nekota yekhulu edlule.
Asikho izifundazwe ezingu-17 ezinkulu zase-India ezahlolwa esiwela esigabeni sendlala โephansiโ noma โemaphakathiโ. Izifundazwe eziyishumi nambili ziwela esigabeni "esabisayo", kanti esisodwa - iMadhya Pradesh - esigabeni "esabisa kakhulu". Izifunda ezine - iPunjab, iHaryana, iKerala ne-Assam - ziwela esigabeni "esibucayi". Emhlabeni jikelele, izwe laseNdiya elisebenza kahle kakhulu, iPunjab, likleliswe endaweni yama-34.
Lokhu kufakazelwa yiNational Family Health Survey yaseNdiya ethola ukuthi amaphesenti angama-48 ezingane zamaNdiya azondlekile. Bangaphezu kwesigamu omama baseNdiya abancelisayo bane-anemia.
Ukutholakala kwezinhlamvu zokudla eNdiya kwehle kusuka ku-200 kg kumuntu ngamunye ngonyaka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kuya ngaphansi kwe-170 kg. Ngenxa yalokho, amaphesenti angu-33 abantu abadala baseNdiya anenkomba yesisindo somzimba (isisindo ngamakhilogremu ahlukaniswe yisikwele sobude ngamamitha) ngaphansi kuka-18.5. (Ububanzi obujwayelekile bungu-18.5 kuye ku-25. Abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18.5 abondlekile, labo abangaphezu kuka-25 abakhuluphele.)
Engxenyeni yezifunda zaseNdiya, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinenani elikhulu lamaDalit noma izizwe, abantu abangaphezu kwesigamu bane-BMI engaphansi kuka-18.5. Ngokwenkambiso yeNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba, lezi zindawo zisesimweni sendlala unomphela.
Lendlala kumele iliwe ngohlelo olubanzi, oluthembekile lokusabalalisa ukudla komphakathi. Umthetho Wokuphepha Kokudla wenzelwe ukwenza lokho kanye. U-Sonia Gandhi uhlongoze ngo-June 2009 ukuthi uMthetho uqinisekise ilungelo lanyanga zonke lekhaya lika-35kg lokusanhlamvu ngo-Rs3 ngekhilogremu futhi ugxile ikakhulukazi emaqenjini asengozini njengabesifazane abangashadile, abantu abadala, abakhubazekile, njll.
I-UPA idlulisele lesi siphakamiso kuQembu Longqongqoshe Abahlonishwe Amandla, elisihlambulule ngendlela yokuthi singanakwa. Ichaza kabusha ukuphepha kokudla njengento engaphansi kokuphepha kokudla okunomsoco. Incoma isilinganiso sanyanga zonke sika-25kg werayisi/ukolweni emndenini ompofu ngamunye ngaphandle kokulungisa inani, elizomenyezelwa nguhulumeni ngokwehlukana.
Lokhu akulihloniphi Ilungelo Lokudla, futhi akudali ukufaneleka okwanele kwawo wonke umuntu, njengoba kunconywe iQembu Le-Kolkata eliholwa uSen Sen u-Amartya. Kuphinde kube ngaphansi kwezincomo zekomiti eliqokwe yiNkantolo Ephakeme, eholwa nguJaji DP Wadhwa, ngo-35kg. lokusanhlamvu kulabo abahola ngaphansi kwama-Rs100 ngosuku.
Uma umbiko weKomidi le-Wadhwa wamukelwe, isibalo semindeni ethathwa njengeNgaphansi Komugqa Wobumpofu (BPL) singakhuphuka sifike ezigidini ezingama-200, esikhundleni sezigidi eziyi-105 ezilinganiselwa ezifundazweni kanye nezigidi ezingama-92.5 elinye ikomidi elisemthethweni.
Okusalungiswa kwe-EGoM kuncane kakhulu, kuhoxisa isithembiso sokuphepha kokudla okunomsoco, futhi kuqhubekisela phambili ukuwa kwe-PDS yanamuhla okuthiwa iqondise imindeni ye-BPL kuphela. Izilinganiso zenani labo ziyahlukahluka ukusuka kumaphesenti angama-28 kuye kwangama-50 abantu. Lezi zilinganiso zisekelwe ezindleleni ze-convoluted futhi azithembekile.
I-National Sample Survey ethembeke kakhulu (2004-05) yathola ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yemizi empofu kakhulu enekhadi le-BPL. Okubi nakakhulu, abantu abaningi abangebona abampofu basebenzisa amandla ukuze bathole ngokungemthetho ikhadi le-BPL nokusanhlamvu kwekhona le-PDS.
Kunesixazululo esiqinile senkinga ye-BPL: sebenzisa i-PDS endaweni yonke futhi ungayiqondi kwabampofu, ngoba ukuqondisa kuhlale kugcwele ukukhishwa inyumbazane kanye nenkohlakalo. Kungasho futhi ukuphatha Ilungelo Lokudla njengelungelo eliyisisekelo lazo zonke izakhamuzi, ukuba yingxenye yeLungelo Lokuphila ngaphansi kweSigaba 21 soMthethosisekelo.
Ukuqondisa i-PDS kuzenzela nje, kuyabalula, kuyahlukanisa, kuthambekele enkohlakalweni futhi kudala ukuncintisana phakathi kwabampofu. I-Universalization izodala ingcindezi yokuthi i-PDS yenze kahle kubo bonke, njengoba yenzile eTamil Nadu.
I-PDS yendawo yonke izokhuphula ngokwemvelo ibhili yesibonelelo sokudla. Isilinganiso esihle kakhulu, esisekelwe embikweni we-Wadhwa, ukuthi kuzodingeka enye i-Rs82,000 crores phezu kwesabelo samanje sama-Rs35,800 crores.
Lokhu kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nemali eyizigidi ezi-Rs5,40,268 ekhishwe nguhulumeni kulo nyaka ngoxhaso kanye nokukhululwa kwabacebile. Kuphinde kube ingxenye yemali esetshenziswa ezempi yaseNdiya. Impela, i-India ingakhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezempi okuyibhaluni - esekuphindeke kathathu ngamadola kusukela ngovivinyo lwenuzi lwango-1998 - ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwayo okuncane kokudla.
I-UPA akumele iqhubeke noMthetho Wokuvikela Wokudla (In) onconywe yi-EGoM. I-NAC kufanele iyibuyekeze kakhulu ngokulandela imigqa ephakanyiswe ngenhla ngenkathi ihlanganisa yonke i-PDS. Ayikho enye indlela abampofu, abakhishwa ngaphandle emakethe yokudla ngamanani aphezulu, bangathola ukudla okwanele nokuphephile futhi ngaleyo ndlela bathuthukise amandla abo amancane njengabantu.
Izifundazwe zaseNingizimu ne-Asia zikweleta lokhu ezakhamuzini zazo ezintula, eziyizisulu zobumpofu obungokwesakhiwo, obugxilile kanye nokungalingani okugxilile ezingakwazi ngisho nokunesibopho ngakho. Izwe laseNdiya lihlulekile iminyaka engu-60 abantulayo. Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi isebenzise izethembiso zayo lapho nje imali engenayo icishe iphindwe kathathu kuneminyaka eyisithupha edlule.
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