Ulawulo lukaBush luye lwamisa iNkundla ePhakamileyo ekunikezeni amabanjwa aseGuantanamo usuku lwawo enkundleni - ubuncinci okwangoku.
In Boumediene v. Bush kwaye Al Odah v. United States, amadoda angamashumi amane anesihlanu acela umngeni kumgaqo-siseko wesibonelelo se-habeas corpus-stripping yoMthetho weeKomishoni zoMkhosi owaphunyezwa yiNkongolo kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
NgoMvulo iiJaji uStephen Breyer, uDavid Souter kunye noRuth Bader Ginsburg baye bawa ngevoti enye nganeno kwezine ezifunekayo ukuze zinike uphononongo lwesigqibo senkundla esezantsi esichasene namabanjwa. Akumangalisi ukuba uJustice John Roberts, uSamuel Alito, u-Antonin Scalia kunye noClarence Thomas bavotele ukukhanyela ukuhlaziywa.
Abagwebi ababini - uJohn Paul Stevens kunye no-Anthony Kennedy - banqabile ukuphononongwa ngezizathu zenkqubo, besithi amabanjwa kufuneka asebenzise izilungiso zawo ngaphambi kokuba abhenele kwinkundla ephakamileyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka baqale badlule kwinkqubo yezibheno zeNkundla yokuJonga iSimo sokuLwa nokuJonga (CSRT's).
Ii-CSRT's zisetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuba ngaba ibanjwa ngumlo wotshaba olungekho mthethweni. Bayalukhanyela ukhuseleko olusisiseko olufana namalungelo okucebisa, ukubona ubungqina, kunye nokujongana namangqina angalunganga.
Inkqubo yokucela umngeni kwisigqibo seCSRT ifumaneka kuMthetho woNyango lwaseBavalelweni (DTA). Kusikelwe umda ekumiseleni ukuba ngaba isigqibo besingqinelana nemigangatho kunye neenkqubo ze-CSRT, kunye nokuba ukusetyenziswa kwaloo migangatho kunye neenkqubo bekusemthethweni kwaye kusemthethweni na.
Kukho imiba emibini ekufuneka iNkundla ePhakamileyo ithathe isigqibo ngayo ukuba iyaliphonononga eli tyala. Okokuqala, ngaba amabanjwa aseGuantanamo anelungelo lomgaqo-siseko kwi-habeas corpus? Ngo-2004, iNkundla yabamba URasul v. Bush ukuba ummiselo we-habeas uyasebenza kwabo bavalelweyo kuba iUnited States igcina ulawulo olupheleleyo kunye nolawulo lweGuantanamo.
Okwesibini, nokuba iNkundla yenza isicelo sayo URasul Ukuqiqa nomgaqo-siseko we-habeas corpus, kuyakufuneka emva koko ukuba kumiselwe ukuba ngaba inkqubo yokuchasana nezigqibo zeSigqeba soPhononongo lweSimo sokuQhubela iSimo sithatha indawo eyaneleyo endaweni yehabeas corpus.
Bekufanele ukuba kube yinto engekhoyo ukuba uJustice Stevens kunye noKennedy bavotele ukuva eli tyala. Iinkqubo zokuphononongwa kwe-DTA azinako ukunyanga imigangatho ephantsi yeNkundla yokuJonga iSimo sokuQwalasa.
Ukusukela oko uJustice Stevens egunyazise izigqibo ezibini zeNkundla ezixhasa amalungelo amabanjwa aseGuantanamo, ivoti yakhe kweli tyala iyadida. Kodwa ukuba unikezele ngevoti yesine ukuba iqwalaselwe, akukho siqinisekiso sokuba angafumana iivoti ezintlanu ezifunekayo ukutshitshisa isigwebo senkundla esezantsi. UJustice Stevens noKennedy balushiye luvulekile ukhetho lophononongo lwexesha elizayo ukuba 'urhulumente ulibazise ngokungekho ngqiqweni iinkqubo' okanye ubangele amabanjwa 'olunye ukonzakala oluqhubekayo.' UJustice uStevens ngokucacileyo wacinga ukuba kububulumko ukuba ngakwicala leJustice Kennedy ngeli xesha ukuhlakulela ivoti yamva malunga nokufaneleka kwendlela.
Ngeli xesha, amabanjwa ahlala eluvalelweni olunokuhlala ubomi babo bonke ukuba balelwa ilungelo lokuba ijaji yase-US imamele izicelo zabo ze-habeas corpus. Kumadoda namakhwenkwe angama-755 awayebanjwe eGuantanamo kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, uBush ubize i-14 kuphela kubo 'amabanjwa amaxabiso aphezulu.' Bali-10 kuphela - kubandakanywa nawaphi na amadoda angama-45 abhenela ityala elikhoyo - abekwe ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Nangona iNkundla ePhakamileyo iye yamelana nolawulo lukaBush kwixesha elidlulileyo, ilungelelene ngokungqongqo kwaye ayinakuthenjwa ukuba isoloko ibonelela ngobulungisa. ICongress ekugqibeleni ibonise ukuthanda ukucela umngeni kwi-ajenda kaBush-kwimfazwe yase-Iraq, kunye neGqwetha lase-US elidubulayo. Ibhola ikwinkundla yeNkongolo ukurhoxisa amagatya e-habeas-stripping yoMthetho weeKomishoni zoMkhosi.
http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/forumy/2007/04/coming-up-short-on-habeas-for-detainees.php
UMarjorie Cohn ungunjingalwazi kwi-Thomas Jefferson School of Law, umongameli weNational Lawyers Guild, kunye nommeli wase-US kwikomiti yesigqeba se-American Association of Jurists. Incwadi yakhe entsha, IRiphabhliki yaseCowboy: Iindlela ezintandathu iBush Gang Has Defied the Law, iya kupapashwa ngoJulayi. 'Yabona http://www.marjoriecohn.com/
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