Unamandla kangakanani ukungcola okumdaka kokusabela-ivoti yocalucalulo, inzondo yabemi basemzini, i-islammophobic, i-anti-feminist, i-homophobic, i-pro-gun kwaye ngaphezu kwayo yonke impahla echasene neCatalan iVox-iqhube kunyulo luka-Epreli wama-28 waseSpain? Lo mbuzo ubusemilonyeni yomntu wonke kwiveki yokugqibela yeli phulo.
Umyinge wokuvota okusemthethweni, ovunyelwe yiBhodi yoNyulo oluPhakathi kude kube yiveki enye ngaphambi kokuvota, wayeneVox kwi-11.2%, evelisa malunga nezihlalo ze-30-35 kwi-350-seat Congress of Deputies. Nangona kunjalo, ii-polls ezingekho mthethweni kunye nezangaphakathi zeqela kwiveki yokugqibela yephulo-okanye ngabom ukuvuza okwesabisayo malunga nabo-bekunika abantu abanelungelo eliphezulu ukuya kwi-17%. Ngaloo nqanaba lenkxaso, baya kukhwela i-Unidas Podemos ehamba phambili kunye nemikhosi ehlangene nayo, idlula ilungelo elitsha labemi kwaye ifike kwindawo yesithathu emva kwe-Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) kunye nenkcaso ephambili, eyayilawula ngaphambili kodwa ngoku. kakhulu shrunken People's Party (PP). Bekukho nethuba langaphandle lokuba ii-ultras zingene kwindawo yesibini.
Ukunyuka kade kweVox akuzange kubonakale kuvoto. Kwimeko yosasazo oluluncedo lweendaba kunye neprofayile eyandisiweyo yindima yayo njengotshutshiso oludumileyo kuvavanyo lwangoku lweenkokheli ezili-12 zaseCatalan, iVox yatsalela amawaka kwiindibano zayo. Izihlwele zangxola ngenkxaso evuyisayo yokusetyenziswa kakubi kwenkokeli uSantiago Abascal "kwezopolitiko ezichanekileyo" kunye "nobufazi", bacula "Puigdemont ejele" kwaye bangcangcazela ngomsindo iiflegi zaseSpain xa inkokeli yayibiza "ukhuseleko lwesizwe saseSpain nokuba yintoni na iindleko". Indibano yokugqibela kaVox eMadrid, eyayibanjwe phantsi kweflegi enkulu yaseSpain eyakha yabonwa, yatsala abantu abaphakathi kwe-10,000 nama-20,000 ukuba beve umyalezo othi โiSpain isengoziniโ kwaye bavuyisana nekhwelo lokunqunyanyiswa ngokungenasiphelo ukuzilawula kwamaCatalan.
Ngokuqinisekileyo owona mlinganiselo ungcono we-Vox surge yayizimpendulo zePP kunye neenkokheli ze-PSOE uPablo Casado kunye noPedro Sรกnchez. UCasado uthembise ukuba wonyulelwe ukunqumamisa urhulumente waseCatalan kwintlanganiso yakhe yokuqala yekhabhinethi, ngelixa uSรกnchez wabhengeza iVox bogey ukuba abongoze abavoti abashiyekileyo ukuba bangahlali ekhaya kodwa babuyisele iPSOE njengeyona khawuntala ithembekileyo kwimvuselelo yobufasi.
Abazange badlule
Nangona kunjalo i-specter ye-Vox surge ayizange yenzeke: i-ultra-right ifumene i-10.26% (izihlalo ezingama-24), ipesenti enye ngaphantsi kwe-avareji yayo yokugqibela yokuvota okusemthethweni, ukuyishiya kwindawo yesihlanu emva kwe-Unidas Podemos. ISpain ngoku ijoyine uninzi lwamazwe aseYurophu-ngaphandle kweIreland, iMalta, iLuxembourg kunye nePortugal-ngeqela elichanekileyo lentiyo kwipalamente yayo. Kodwa, ukuvukela njengoko kunjalo, uninzi lwamaqela amathathu ekunene (โi-monster enentloko ezintathuโ) bekuya kuba kubi kakhulu (jonga iziphumo zolonyulo olupheleleyo. Apha).
Isizathu sokuba isiphumo singoyiki njengoko bekusoyikwa kukuba ukunyuka kweVox kwakhala iintsimbi ze-alam phakathi kobuninzi babantu, kuqhuba izinga lokuthatha inxaxheba ngo-Epreli 28 ukuya kuma-75,75%, iipesenti ezintandathu ezipheleleyo ngaphezu kwe ulonyulo jikelele lokugqibela ngoJuni 2016. 26.36 million abantu kwilizwe Spanish bavote ngosuku lolonyulo, 2.2 million ngaphezu 2016. Oku yaba lelona thatho-nxaxheba liphezulu ukususela 2004 unyulo oluhambelana Imfazwe Iraq kunye ibhombu abanqolobi Madrid Madrid, nto leyo eyaphumela. kwiPSOE kaJosรฉ Luรญs Rodrรญguez Zapatero ekhupha iPP ebambeleyo uJosรฉ Marรญa Aznar. Imo, nayo, yayifana: kwizigidi kwakhona, kwaba ngumcimbi Akukho mpazamo-"abayi kudlula" -ukuzimisela ukuphepha ukuphindaphinda kwesiphumo se-Andalusi yengingqi kaDisemba apho ilungelo liphumelele isininzi emva kokungabikho kobuninzi (kuphela i-56.85% ivotile).
Owona mthi mkhulu wokuthatha inxaxheba wenzeke eCatalonia (ukusuka kwi-65.61% ukuya kwi-77.58%, eyona iphezulu ukusukela ngo-1980), ebonisa ukuzimisela okuthandwayo kokubini ukoyisa ilungelo kunye nokubanga ilungelo leCatalonia lokuzikhethela, ngakumbi njengoko iphulo lelungelo liye laba kathathu- indlela dogfight phezu ngubani na onokuba khohlakele kakhulu ngokuchasene "Catalan secessionist isoyikiso" kunye neyona nceba kunye "coup-mongers" (abavalelwe kwaye bamangalele iinkokeli Catalan).
Ngenxa yoku kunyuka ilungelo njengoko ibloc ithathe ukuncamathisela. Kwinqanaba lombuso waseSpain, ivoti yayo yonke yehla ukusuka kwi-46.49% (izihlalo ze-169) ukuya kwi-43.23% (izihlalo ze-149), ngelixa ivoti ye-Spanish yonke ishiya (i-PSOE kunye ne-Unidas Podemos) yawa nje kancinci, ukusuka kwi-43.76% ukuya. 42.99%. Ngenxa yobuqhetseba benkqubo yonyulo yaseSpain, enikezela izihlalo ezingaphezulu ngokulinganayo kumaqela njengoko ivoti yabo idlula ngaphaya kwe-15%, izihlalo ezidityanisiweyo zePSOE kunye ne-Unidas Podemos zizonke zinyukile (ukusuka kwi-156 ukuya kwi-165), kunye ne-PSOE ye-28.7% yevoti eyifumene. I-35.14% yezihlalo.
Eyona nto yayibalulekile ekoyisweni kwasekunene yayiyivoti kwiLizwe laseSpain iBasque (Euskadi) naseCatalonia. Ngaphandle kweli galelo ilungelo beliya kuba liphumelele isigidi seevoti ngaphezu kwePSOE. E-Catalonia, yaphuma ekubambeni i-11 ye-Catalonia's 48 Congress izihlalo ukuze ibambe ezisixhenxe kuphela. E-Euskadi i-rout yayo yayigqityiwe: akukho nesinye sezihlalo ze-18 zommandla eziza kubanjwa liqela lelungelo, kunye ne-PP ilahlekelwe izihlalo zayo ezimbini zokugqibela kunye nabemi kunye neVox abafumananga nanye.
Ngexesha elifanayo njengoko ibhalansi iyonke yajika ngasekhohlo kwinqanaba leSpanishi, esi sithuba ngokwaso sancipha njengoko "i-pali yesithathu" yemikhosi yobuzwe kunye nemimandla yanda-ukusuka kwi-9.75% (izihlalo ezingama-25) ukuya kwi-13.78% (izihlalo ezingama-36). Inani labantu abazibiza ngokuba yi-Basque kunye ne-Catalan MP kwiCongress badlule kwi-26 ukuya kwi-32.
Amanani okuvota akrwada atyhila ukuthambekela okusisiseko kwe-28 ka-Epreli: I-200,000 ngaphezulu ivotele ilungelo kune-2016, i-780,000 ngaphezulu ngasekhohlo, kodwa i-1.056 yezigidi ngaphezulu ivotele amaqela asekelwe kwingingqi yonke imivimbo, kunye neevoti ezongezelelweyo ze-700,000 eziya eBasque. kunye nemikhosi yaseCatalan.
Isiphumo esamkelekileyo esipheleleyo solu tshintsho kukuba ngoku akunakwenzeka ukuba unelungelo lokuphinda umanyano lokulawula e-Andalusia kwinqanaba lelizwe laseSpain-inzuzo yezopolitiko eziqhubekayo kwiYurophu yonke. Nangona kunjalo, i-PSOE iya kufuna inkxaso ye-Unidas Podemos kwaye ubuncinane elinye iqela ukuze likwazi ukubuyela kurhulumente, nokuba ngabancinci okanye ngokubambisana. Ngokulinganayo, i-bloc yamaqela aseCatalan axhasa ukuzimela akhulile (ukusuka kwi-17 ukuya kwizihlalo ze-22), uphawu lokungaphumeleli kwephulo le-PSOE lokupeyinta "ilungelo kunye ne-secessionists" njengeentshaba ezilinganayo kunye ezichasene nengqiqo kunye nokumodareyitha: isiCatalan. imvukelo kunye ne-80% yamaCatalans axhasa ilungelo lesizwe sabo sokuzimela baya kuhlala beyona ntloko izayo yolawulo lwe-Sรกnchez.
PP, oyena ulahlekileyo
Ngabaphi abona bantu baphulukene kakhulu kwezi qela zintathu zokuvotaโezibizwa ngokuba โziiSpain ezintathuโโkwaye ngoba?
Eyona ntlekele inkulu yayiyeyePP: ivoti yayo kunye nokumelwa kwayo kwehle ukuya kutsho kwi-16.7% kunye nezihlalo ezingama-66 njengoko abavoti abazizigidi ezi-3.5 beyishiyile inqanawa, eyona siphumo sayo sibi kakhulu. Akukho nanye kwiingxabano zayo zemveli-ukusuka kumadlelo edolophu aseSpain angama-50 amakomkhulu ukuya ezidolophini nakwiilali ezikwintliziyo yawo yaseCastilian-yasinda kwingqumbo yabavoti, njengoko iPP yarhoxa ekubeni liqela eliphambili ngo-5390 yaya kutsho kuma-2444 kuphela koomasipala belizwe abangama-8131. . ISpain i-hegemonic conservative force kanye ngoku inabemi (15.8%, izihlalo ezingama-57) inyathela kwizithende zayo kukhuphiswano lobunkokheli belungelo.
Eyona nto ifanelwe kukunyibilika kwePP kwenzeka eCatalonia. Apho i-histrionic aristocrat uCayetana รlvarez de Toledoโiprotegรฉe owayesakuba yinkulumbuso u-Aznar waza wangena ngeparashuti nguCasado njengomgqatswa okhokelayo kwintloko yombutho wasekhaya-ukwazile ukucenga abavoti abangama-262,000 ukuba balishiye iqela lakhe kwaye banciphise ukumelwa kweCatalan ukusuka kwizihlalo ezithandathu (13.42%) ukuya kwesinye (ngokwakhe, kunye ne-4.8% ). I-PP dรฉbรขcles efanayo yenzeke kwezinye iindawo apho isazisi sesizwe kunye / okanye sommandla sinamandla: Euskadi (ukusuka kwizihlalo ezi-2 ukuya kwi-zero), iLizwe laseValencian (izihlalo ze-13 ukuya kwi-7) kunye ne-Canary Islands (izihlalo ezi-6 ukuya kwi-3).
Eminye imimandla emikhulu yeentlekele yayiyi-Andalusia (izihlalo ze-23 ukuya kwi-11), iMadrid (izihlalo ze-15 ukuya kwi-7) kunye neCastilla La Mancha (izihlalo ze-12 ukuya kwi-6). Kwimimandla emincinci yovoto ephakathi kwamalungu amathathu namathandathu ePalamente, iPP pie yangaphambili yahlulahlulwe yaba zithathu, isilayi ngasinye sePP, Citizens and Vox. E-Murcia nase-Extremadura, i-PP yasuka kwizihlalo ezihlanu ukuya kwezimbini, inika isihlalo esinye kwi-PSOE, i-Citizens kunye ne-Vox. Kwezinye iindawo ezazisakuba ziinqaba ze-PP, njengeTorre-Pacheco e-Murcia, ivoti yayo yehla ukusuka ngaphezulu kwe-50% ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-25%, uVox wathatha indawo yakhe njengeqela elikhokelayo.
Ekuphela kwe (inxalenye enkulu) ngaphandle kolu hambo yeza eGalicia, apho inkulumbuso yalapha uAlfredo Nuรฑez Feijรณo iqhubeka nokulandela umgca โophakathiโ welowo wayesakuba yinkulumbuso yaseSpain uMariano Rajoy, kwaye ivoti kunye nelahleko yezihlalo yayivalelwe kwisinye kwisithathu sabo. 2016 iyonke. Nangona kunjalo, i-PP iphinde yanikezela isikhundla sayo esikhokelayo eGalicia, nesiphumo sokuba idemokhrasi yentlalontle yaseSpain ngoku ihamba phambili kwi-15 ye-17 yaseSpain yoluntu oluzimeleyo (ichaza ngokwemiqathango yase-Australia, amaphondo e-Canadian), kuquka i-PP yangaphambili i-Castilla y Leรณn. kunye neCastilla-La Mancha. I-Riphabhlikhi ephakathi ekhohlo ekhohlo yaseCatalonia (ERC) yimikhosi ehamba phambili eCatalonia kunye ne-Conservative Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) e-Euskadi. Kwi-2016, i-PSOE ikhokele kuyo nayiphi na le mimandla.
Ukuwa kwePP kwaba nezizathu ezibini ezisisiseko: izame ukutshatisa iVox ekubetheni intshukumo yolongamo lwaseCatalan kodwa yavela njengokulinganisa okuphaphathekileyo kwaba bathandli belizwe baseSpain banombono wabo "wokuphinda" amaCatalans anemvukelo, kwaye ayizange iphulukane nevumba layo. urhwaphilizo, inkuthazo kwabo babefudula bengabavoti ukuba baphambukele kubemi ababonakala becocekile.
Unidas Podemos, ophulukene kakhulu ngasekhohlo
Isibuko esingaphelelanga se-PP's fiasco yaba kukubuyela umva ngasekhohlo ngu-Unidas Podemos kunye no-Together We Can (ECP), umfelandawonye owawuthatha inxaxheba eCatalonia. Ngeevoti ezizigidi ze-3.733 le mikhosi ichitha i-1.3 yezigidi zeevoti ezizigidi ezihlanu abaziphumelele ngoJuni 2016 kwaye ifumene iivoti ze-2.4 yezigidi ezingaphantsi kwe-6.1 yezigidi ezifunyenwe yi-Podemos kunye ne-United Left xa bebaleka ngokwahlukileyo ngoDisemba 2015.
Amandla amakhulu alahlekelwa kakhulu apho ayefumene khona kakhulu kwi-2015 kunye ne-2016- "kwizizwe zembali" zaseCatalonia, eGalicia nase-Euskadi. Emva koko awona mandla aphambili e-Euskadi naseCatalonia, kolu lolo lonyulo amandla amakhulu aphume kwindawo yesithathu kuzo zombini ezi ndawo zovoto. E-Catalonia, i-ECP yehla ukusuka kwizihlalo ezilishumi elinesibini ukuya kwezisixhenxe: e-Euskadi, i-Unidas Podemos yaphuma kwizihlalo ezithandathu ukuya kwezine.
E-Castilla-La Mancha, apho i-Unidas Podemos ithatha inxaxheba njengeqabane elincinane kwi-PSOE kurhulumente wengingqi, ilahlekelwe zombini izihlalo eziphumelele kwi-2016. E-Castilla y Leรณn ilahlekelwe zizo zonke izihlalo zayo ezintathu. Izihlalo ezibini zaba sesinye e-Aragon, e-Asturias nase-Navarra ngelixa esinye isihlalo saba seCantabria, e-Extremadura naseLa Rioja. Ilahleko ezibuhlungu zincinci zaziseAndalusia (izihlalo ezilishumi elinanye ukuya kwesithoba) kunye neMadrid (izihlalo ezisibhozo ukuya kwezintandathu).
I-Unidas Podemos ayizange ilahlekelwe zizihlalo kwiBalearic kunye neZiqithi zaseCanary, apho igcine izibini ezizibambileyo kwichweba ngalinye, naseMurcia, apho yayibambe khona isihlalo sayo kuphela. Iphinde yaphumelela ekugcineni isabelo sezihlalo eyayiziphumelele ngo-2016 ngaphakathi kwemifelandawonye ebanzi kunye nemikhosi yasekhohlo yelizwe laseValencian (abahlanu kwabasithoba) kunye neGalicia (ababini kwabahlanu).
Le lahleko ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuphoxeka kwamatsha-ntliziyo amaninzi e-Podemos kunye namalungu kunye nokuziphatha kweenkokeli zabo, kabuhlungu kakhulu uPablo Iglesias kunye neqabane lakhe u-Irene Montero lokuthenga i-villa ye-600,000 kwi-suburb yaseMadrid, kunye nokulahlwa kwenani lesibini inkokeli Iรฑigo. U-Errejรณn kumanyano kunye nosodolophu waseMadrid uManuela Carmena.
Nangona kunjalo, eminye imiba emibini enzulu yezopolitiko nayo iyafuneka ukucacisa ukurhoxa. Eyokuqala Unidas Podemos ubhidekile kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuziqhelanisa ethe tye ukuya ilungelo lokuzikhethela yecandelo lezizwe Spanish karhulumente, eyona nto ibalulekileyo umzabalazo Catalan okuqhubekayo. Xa bebuzwa, abaviwa bePodemos baya kuhlala besithi bamele eli lungelo kwaye baqaphele ubuninzi beSpeyin. Nangona kunjalo, ayingombandela abanqwenela ukuya edabini ngawo-nxamnye nombutho waseSpain, ubukhosi kunye neengcamango ezixhaphakileyo zaseSpeyin-chauvinist.
I-upshot yayicace kakhulu e-Euskadi naseCatalonia, apho abalandeli abaninzi abanenkqubela phambili belungelo lelizwe labo lokuzimela, abaye bajikela kwi-Unidas Podemos kunye ne-ECP ngo-2015 kunye ne-2016, bagqiba ekubeni bavotele kwakhona imikhosi ezimeleyo ekhohlo. ECatalonia, olu tshintsho lwalunoxanduva ubuncinane abane kwi-ERC ye-XNUMX-seat gain: e-Euskadi, iphendulele u-EH Bildu ozimeleyo osekhohlo ophindwe kabini ubukho bayo kwi-Congress ukusuka ezimbini ukuya kwezine.
Ukonakalisa ngokulinganayo kuye kwaba kukuqhelaniswa nobunkokeli be-Iglesias kwidemokhrasi yezentlalo yaseSpain, eyathi emva kokungaphumeleli kwe-Unidas Podemos ukugqitha iqela likaSรกnchez ngo-2015-16, yaba kolu lonyulo ukusetyenziswa kwayo yonke iSpain indlela yayo eCastilla-La Mancha-ukuba yokufuna ukuba liqabane eliphantsi kulawulo lwePSOE.
U-Iglesias kunye nomgqatswa okhokelayo we-ECP uJaume Asens baxoxa-ngokunyanzeliswa nangokuchanekileyo-ukuba okukhona ivoti inamandla kwimikhosi yabo, kuya kuba nzima ukuba i-PSOE ibe sesichengeni sesivumelwano sasemva konyulo kurhulumente nabemi. Kukho ubungqina bokuba le ngxabano ikhulise ivoti ye-Unidas Podemos kwiiveki ezimbini zokugqibela zephulo ukusuka malunga ne-12-13% ukuya kwi-14.31 yokugqibela.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi yayizikhetho ezinqabileyo kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokulahlekelwa kwenkxaso ukususela ngo-2015, ngenxa yento ekudala ilahlekile kumyalezo we-Unidas Podemos kwaye uninzi lwee-akhawunti zayo ziwela ngakumbi nangaphezulu emva kwe-PSOE-nayiphi na ingqiqo ecacileyo yokuba inomgangatho ophezulu. iprojekthi eyahlukileyo kwaye hayi nje ingxowa yokuhlutha yemigaqo-nkqubo engcono. Omnye umngxuma ovulelekileyo yayikukusilela ukuveza i-Unidas Podemos njengenye indlela yeriphabliki ecokisekileyo yokusekwa kookumkani baseSpain, omnye oxhasa inkqubo edumileyo eya kuthi imisele ilizwe laseSpain kwiziseko zedemokhrasi. Iprojekthi enjalo iyonke ikwasisiseko esiyimfuneko sokuziqhelanisa nobuchule bobuchule obubhekiselele kwidemokhrasi yezentlalo.
Ukubonakaliswa kweeyantlukwano zokuqhelaniswa phakathi kwemibutho eyenziweyo malunga ne-Unidas Podemos (ngokwayo imanyano yePodemos, i-United Left kunye neqela elihlaza laseSpain yonke i-Equo) yeza ngevoti ye-14 kaFebruwari yeNkongolo kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukarhulumente waseSpain ka-2019, ilahleko eyabonelela uPedro Sรกnchez ngesizathu sokubiza unyulo lwe-28 ka-Epreli. Kule voti, amaLungu ePalamente amane kwabahlanu e-En Marea (umfelandawonye phakathi kwe-Unidas Podemos kunye nemikhosi eyahlukeneyo yaseGalician ezimeleyo) ayithobelanga umyalelo wobunkokeli be-En Marea ukuba bavotele uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali njengokubonelela ngezibonelelo ezaneleyo zeGalicia. Ngesi sikhundla baye baxhasa ubunkokeli be-Unidas Podemos obunyusa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali "njengeyona ntlalontle kwimbali".
Ngenxa yokuphikisana okunjalo-kunye ne-pro-PSOE yoxinzelelo lwemithombo yeendaba kwivoti ye-socialist njengeyona ndlela yokuphumelela i-Vox kunye nabanye abalungileyo-akumangalisi ukuba i-Unidas Podemos ilahlekelwe ziivoti zabalandeli abaninzi be-PSOE abaye bawela ngayo 2015-2016. Mhlawumbi eyona nto ibonisa ukuba i-Unidas Podemos kunye ne-ECP bayekile kule poll ukuba ibe liqela elikhokelayo kuyo nayiphi na indawo yabasebenzi kunye neendawo ezidumileyo zaseMadrid, iBarcelona kunye neZaragoza ababeziholele kwi-2016.
Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha luza kwenziwa, kodwa uqikelelo lwethutyana luya kuba, kwi-radical force elahlekileyo ye-1.3 yezigidi zeevoti, isiqingatha sesigidi siye sashiya imikhosi ezimeleyo (ERC kunye ne-EH Bildu), ngelixa i-800,000 ibuyele kwi-PSOE kunye ne-Catalan affiliate. , Iqela lamaSocialists eCatalonia (PSC).
Abalahlekileyo 'kwi-periphery': iCompromรญs (iLizwe laseValencian) kunye ne-En Marea (eGalicia)
Eyona lahleko inkulu kwinkampu yamaqela axhasa amalungelo olongamo lwezizwe kunye nemimandla ebandakanya urhulumente waseSpain weza eGalicia kunye neLizwe laseValencian, apho amaqabane e-Unidas Podemos ngo-2015-16 bagqiba ekubeni bamele abaviwa babo ngo-Ephreli 28. zombini iimeko, Unidas Podemos ikwazile ukubambelela kwisabelo sayo sezihlalo ngelixa imikhosi ye-pro-sovereignty ilahlekelwe kakhulu.
Kwilizwe laseValencian, iCompromรญs yengingqi yasekhohlo, iqabane langaphambili lomanyano kunye ne-Unidas Podemos kwimanyano A La Valenciana, yaphulukana nezihlalo ezintathu kwezine eyayiphumelele njengenxalenye yolo kwakheka kwi-2016. I-PSOE, ivoti yayo inyuke ukusuka kwi-20.81% (izihlalo ezithandathu) ukuya kwi-27.78% (izihlalo ezilishumi).
Ibali lalifana naseGalicia. I-En Marea, eyayiligama lomanyano phakathi kwe-Unidas Podemos kunye ne-Galician left-nationalist imikhosi kwi-2015 kunye ne-2016, yalahlekelwa zonke izihlalo zayo njenge-left-nationalist coalition ephikisana ne-Unidas Podemos, iyancipha ibe yi-1.08% edabukisayo yevoti. -emva kweVox kunye nombutho wangaphambili okhokelayo wobuzwe baseGalician, iGalician Nationalist Bloc (BNG). NgoDisemba 2015 unyulo jikelele, umanyano lwamandla onke aseSpain kunye neendawo ezisekhohlo-zesizwe ziye zadlula i-PSOE ngamavoti kwaye zilingana nezihlalo (ezintandathu kwizihlalo ze-23 ze-Galicia kwiCongress). Ngeli xesha, ukuhamba kweevoti ezivela kumaqabane angaphambili ahlulwe kwi-PSOE kwanceda iqela likaSรกnchez ukuba liphumelele izihlalo ze-10, kunye namaqabane angaphambili ancitshiswa abe mabini (bobabini baphumelele yi-Unidas Podemos).
Oyena mkhulu ophumeleleyo: Vox
I-PP ilahlekelwe yi-3.5 yezigidi zeevoti ezishiywe kwiVox kunye nelungelo "elicocekileyo" kodwa ngokugqithisileyo aBemi beCatalanophobic kumlinganiselo we-2.5 yezigidi ukuya kwisigidi esinye. I-Vox yayiyeyona qela lifumene ukonyuka okukhulu kwenkxaso, lifumana i-2.63 yezigidi zeevoti ngaphezulu kwe-40,000 ephumelele ngo-2016: inqaku layo le-10.26% laliyimbonakalo ethe ngqo kwipolitiki yonyulo lomsindo waseSpain-uzwelonke ekubanjweni ngempumelelo kweCatalan ka-Oktobha 2017. uvoto malunga nokuzimela xa ujongene nobundlobongela bamapolisa.
Ukuzisekela kumnqweno wokuziphindezela ("ukubuyisela kwakhona") kwesi hlazo, iVox yaba yintsika yokutsala iqonga layo yonke inzondo eqhelekileyo yelungelo elikude. Spain's ezininzi fractious kude-ekunene i-grupuscules, leyo khange ilawule ukumelwa kwepalamente ukusukela ngo-1980 kwaye ichithe iminyaka iphikisana ngobukumkani baseBorbon, ubuKatolika besizwe kunye nobuzwilakhe bukaFranco, beza malunga neVox kwinqanaba bonke ababenokuvumelana ngalo-umanyano olungcwele nolungonakaliyo lwesizwe saseSpain ebusweni IsiCatalan "coupmongers".
Inqaku lokuqala lenkqubo ye-10 ye-Vox ye-28 ka-Epreli yabiza "ukhuselo lweSizwe saseSpain kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi indleko", kulandelwa ukwakhiwa kodonga "olungenakungena" oluchasene nokufuduka ngeCeuta kunye neMelilla, ukubuyiswa ngenkani "kokungekho mthethweni". ", Ukuhlaziywa kwelizwe laseSpain kwiyunithi enye yolawulo, "ukhuselo lolwimi lwesiSpanish", kunye nokuchithwa kwayo yonke imithetho equka "ukuchaneka kwezopolitiko".
UVox uzuze kakhulu kwi-PP's dรฉbรขcle e-Andalusia (izihlalo ezithandathu), iMadrid (ezintlanu), iLizwe laseValencian (ezithathu), uCastilla-La Mancha (ezimbini) noMurcia (ezimbini). Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ayizange ithathe zihlalo โkummandlaโ welizwe laseSpain, apho abavoti abalondolozayo banokhetho lommandla okanye iPP ngokwayo iquka ulondolozo lwengingqi: iCanary Islands, Galicia, La Rioja, Navarra, Euskadi, kunye neCantabria zonke aziphumelelanga. ukubuyisela ummeli wabantu abanelungelo eliphakamileyo.
Kuyo yonke le mimandla ngaphandle kweCatambria Vox ayiphumelelanga ukufumana amanqaku ngaphezu kwe-10%, kunye neevoti zayo eziphantsi e-Euskadi (2.21%), eCatalonia (3.6%) naseNavarra (4.83%). I-Vox ifumene isiphumo sayo esiphezulu kwi-enclave yaseMorocco yaseCeuta (23.96%). Iziphumo zayo ezilungileyo ezilandelayo zaziseSpain kwimimandla ephakathi kunye nezantsi ezizimeleyo, iMadrid (13.64%), iCastilla-La Mancha (15.29%), i-Murcia (18.64%) kunye ne-Andalusia (13.38%).
Ivoti yeVox imele inkxaso ephunyelelweyo kwiingingqi zovoto ezahluke kakhulu. Kwelinye icala loomasipala abangama-72 apho uVox wayekhokela uvoto yayiyi-El Ejido, eAlmerรญa (Andalusia), enabemi abangama-23% yabasebenzi abafudukayo abasebenza kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo (โulwandle lweplastikiโ): apho uVox wayekhokele ukuvota 30% inkxaso. Ezinye iidolophu zaseAlmerรญa, njengeNijar neBalanegra, zibhalise amanqanaba afanayo. Ngokwahlukileyo, elona bhanti likhulu lenkxaso likaVox lalikwezona ndawo zizityebi zaseSpain, uninzi lwazo eMadrid. Kwishumi eliphezulu kwezi (ezisithoba eMadrid kunye nenye eValencia) iVox ifumene i-avareji ye-18.94%.
Koomasipala abalishumi elinesihlanu abahlwempuzekileyo belizwe-kwabelwana phakathi kwe-Extremadura, iGalicia kunye ne-Andalusia-amanqaku aphezulu eVox ayeyi-14% kodwa kwezine ayikwazanga ukulawula ne-5%. Esi siphumo sibonisa ukuba kwimimandla ethandwayo kunye nehlwempu akukho mbalelwano elula phakathi kwemeko yentlalo kunye nevoti yeVox, ngelixa kwelinye icala lentlalontle inqaku layo likhuphuka ngokuthe ngqo ngengeniso. Ayimangalisi loo nto, xa sinikwa inkxaso yabona bantu balwela amalungelo abo kakhulu โyokucuthwa kweerhafu ezinkuluโ.
Olunye uphawu olungothusiyo lwevoti yeVox yayikukuba inyukele phezulu kwiindawo ezinomkhosi, uMlindi woLuntu kunye nobukho bamaPolisa eSizwe saseSpain, ebeya kuba nomtsalane kwiVox ngomgaqo-nkqubo wayo wokuqhuba amagosa omkhosi adla umhlala-phantsi njengabagqatswa. Kuhlalutyo lwevoti yeVox eCatalonia, I-Crรญtic umbhali uSergi Picazo ubonise ukuba ifikelele kwi-15% ejikeleze ikomkhulu le-Civil Guard kwi-suburb yase-Barcelona yase-Sant Andreu de la Barca (i-avareji e-Barcelona 6%), kunye ne-14.6% malunga nesiseko esikhulu somkhosi waseSpain kwidolophu yangaphambi kwePyrenean. yaseSant Climent Sescebes. Ipatheni yayifana kulo lonke ilizwe laseSpain lilonke, ifikelela kwi-41% kwiSiseko soMkhosi sase-El Goloso, i-37% ejikeleze ikomkhulu le-Civil Guard kunye ne-30% ejikeleze iziko leMidlalo kunye neNtlalo yoMkhosi woMkhosi (konke eMadrid).
Ngokucacileyo, ezi ziphumo aziqinisekisi kuphela uvelwano lwe-Ultra-nationalism yaseSpain ngaphakathi kwe-270,000 yomkhosi welizwe, i-Civil Guard kunye namapolisa: ziphakamisa umbuzo wokuba, njengabahlalutyi bokugcina i-ultra-right, i-Vox kunye nabanye ilungelo eligqithisileyo baqhuba umgaqo-nkqubo wokungeniswa ngabom kwimikhosi yezokhuseleko yelizwe.
Oyena uphumeleleyo lula: Abemi
Abemi bathathe izihlalo zabo ezingaphezulu ezingama-25 ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba ivoti yabo inyuke ngaphezu komda we-15% (ukusuka kwi-13.05% ukuya kwi-15.86%), umzekelo ocacileyo wendlela inkqubo yonyulo yaseSpain eqhekekileyo ithanda onke amaqela aseSpain nje ukuba awele olu phawu.
Ngokomzekelo, e-Andalusia, izihlalo zayo ezine ezitsha ziphumelele kwi-PP (ukunyuka ukusuka kwisixhenxe ukuya kwi-11) zifuna iivoti ezingama-58,200 kwisihlalo ngasinye, ngelixa izihlalo ezithandathu zeVox zifuna iivoti ze-101,870 isihlalo. ECastilla-La Mancha ivoti yabemi inyuke ukusuka kwi-13% ukuya kwi-17.5%, kodwa ukutsalwa kwayo kwezihlalo kuphume kwiqanda ukuya kwezine. ECastilla y Leรณn ivoti yabo inyuke ukusuka kwi-14.2% ukuya kwi-18.9%, kodwa isihlalo sayo siye sasuka kwesinye ukuya kwisibhozo, njengoko sithathe isihlalo sokugqibela kumaphondo asixhenxe kwalithoba alo mmandla. Ukhetho olulandelayo lwabemi lwaluseMadrid, apho lwadlula khona iPP, kunye neGalicia, apho izihlalo zayo ezibini zeza ngeendleko ze-En Marea. NjengoVox, aBemi beniyo-liberal nabo bafumene ivoti ephezulu kwiindawo zovoto ezityebileyo.
Isigqibo sabemi sokugxila kakhulu kwiphulo labo "eSpain engenanto" -ilizwe elilambathayo lelali ezilahliweyo nezifayo apho ibidla ngokulwa nePP kwisihlalo sokugqibela-ihlawulwe kakuhle: i-13 yezihlalo zayo ezingama-25 zizuza. weza kule mimandla.
Owona mboniso wendlela wasekunene ukusilela okukhulu kwakuseCatalonia, โilizwe laboโ apho liqela elichasayo elisemthethweni kunye neqela elikhulu kwipalamente yaseCatalan. Nangona isiphithiphithi sentlalo kunye nezopolitiko malunga ne-referendum ye-independence ye-Oktobha 1, i-2017 eyibeka kwesi sikhundla, abahlali abazange bafumane inzuzo kwizihlalo ezihlanu eziphumelele kwi-2016, kunye nevoti yabo yonyuka ukusuka kwi-10.93% ukuya kwi-11.55% kuphela (iphumelele i-25.4% ngo-Disemba 21, 2017 i-poll yengingqi yesiCatalan). Kwizihlalo ezihlanu ezilahlekileyo yiPP, enye yaya kwiVox kwaye ezine kwi-PSC-PSOE kodwa akukho nanye kubemi.
Ophumeleleyo xa ewonke: PSOE
Oyena mntu uphumelele unyulo ngokucacileyo yaba yiPSOE, kunye ne-7.48 yezigidi zeevoti. Ngelixa ivoti yayo yanda ngaphantsi kweVox's, oku kwenyuka okunamandla kwezigidi ezibini kwinkxaso ukususela ngo-2016 kuguqulelwe kwi-38-izihlalo zokunyuka (ukuya kwi-123), okwenza ukuqhubeka korhulumente omncinci waseSรกnchez ukhetho lokwenene. Ivoti yayo yenyuka kuyo yonke indawo, inyuka phakathi kwe-1.64% (Cantabria) kunye ne-9.88% (i-Galicia) kwaye ngaphandle kokuhlukana phakathi kwemimandla ephakathi kunye ne-peripheral yelizwe laseSpain.
I-PSOE ibe ngumxhamli omkhulu wokunyuswa kwezinga lokuthatha inxaxheba. Ukuba malunga ne-800,000 yeevoti zayo ezongezelelweyo zeza kwi-Unidas Podemos kunye namahlakani ayo, ezi bezingonelanga zodwa ukuba zinike ingxelo ngenzuzo yokugqibela yedemokhrasi yaseSpain-ezi bezisoloko zinkulu kunelahleko ye-Unidas Podemos. E-Andalusia, umzekelo, i-Unidas Podemos ilahlekelwe iivoti ze-136,000 ngelixa i-PSOE ifumene i-239,000. eAragon, ivoti ye-PSOE yanda ngo-65,000 ngelixa ivoti ye-Unidas Podemos yawa yi-36,000. E-Madrid, ukwanda kwe-350,000 kwivoti ye-PSOE phantse kathathu i-Unidas Podemos ilahleko ye-120,000, iphethini eyayiphindwaphindwa kwi-Galicia (i-180,000-vote inzuzo ye-PSOE ngokumalunga ne-Unidas Podemos-En Marea ilahleko ye-82,000).
Bekukho ubungqina babavoti bePP abaphoxekileyo abagxothwayo yiCasado's parroting of Vox etshintshela kwiPSOE eCatalonia, Canary Islands, Andalusia, Madrid, Murcia kunye neGalicia, kodwa lo mkhwa unokubalelwa kakhulu kwisibhozo sePSOE's 38-isihlalo. inzuzo-utshintsho oluncinci kwisikali seSpanishi apho iivoti zingafane ziwele ulwahlulo olusekhohlo.
Uphando oluneenkcukacha kusafuneka kwenziwe, kodwa Unidas Podemos ilahleko zijonge ukuba ziye zafikelela kwisiqingatha (19) PSOE kaThixo 38 izihlalo ezongezelelweyo, lo gama ukunyuka kwezinga lentatho-nxaxheba kujongeka ukuba uyiphumelele ubuncinane 11. Xa idityaniswe nokwahlulahlula ngaphakathi kwamaqela ekunene, le lift wanika PSOE amabhaso angalindelekanga, inqabileyo leyo mhlawumbi uloyiso lwayo kwi enclave Moroccan of Ceuta, apho 36.33% yayo yayanele ukuyinika isihlalo phezu Vox (23.96%).
Ukuba i-28 ka-Epreli yokuthatha inxaxheba e-Andalusia (73.31%) ifake isicelo kunyulo lwengingqi kaDisemba oluphumelele ngokufanelekileyo, i-PSOE yayiza kuphumelela isiqingatha sesigidi seevoti ezongezelelweyo kwaye "i-monster enentloko ezintathu" yayiza kuthintelwa ngokulula ukuba ithathe urhulumente wengingqi. Olu lonyulo ke ngoko luqinisekise isifundo esele sihleli ixesha elide sezopolitiko zelizwe laseSpain-ithuba lalo naluphi na uhlobo loloyiso lwasekhohlo belisoloko lixhomekeke ekuhlanganiseni isiseko sayo sentlalo esihlala singafuni kwaye sidanile.
Ukuphumelela kuka-Sรกnchez kuye kwaphelisa ukuhlaselwa kwamaphiko asekunene kuye "njengomxhaphazi" kwisindululo esiphumeleleyo sokungazithembi esambeka njengenkulumbuso ngoJuni kulo nyaka uphelileyo, sasusa ulawulo lwephiko lasekunene leSenethi, iphaneli yesithethi seCongress kunye iikomishoni ezahlukeneyo zepalamente, kwaye kwandisa amandla akhe okuqhuba ulawulo lwegcuntswana olwakha umba walo omkhulu ngomba kunye namahlakani awohlukeneyo (esebenzisa "ijiyometri eguquguqukayo").
I-Catalonia: I-ERC isusa ukuvuselelwa kwe-PSC / PSOE
Uloyiso lwePSOE, nangona kunjalo, aluzange luphelele njengoko uSรกnchez wayeya kufuna. Oku kwakungenxa yokuba umzila wakhe wePP wawungahambi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okufanayo kwemikhosi exhasa ukuzimela kweCatalan kwaye, ngokubanzi, ilungelo lesiCatalan lokuzikhethela.
Ukuhamba kokuvota eCatalonia ngo-Epreli 28, njengesiqhelo, kunzima ngakumbi kunelizwe lonke laseSpain, ngakumbi njengoko beli xesha liqhutywa yi-12% (700,000 yabavoti) ukunyuka kwezinga lokuthatha inxaxheba. Aba ngabavoti abakhuthazwa zombini kukoyika ilungelo kunye neVox, kodwa nangenxa yesidingo sokumisela ukufaneleka kwelungelo lesiCatalan lokugqiba ngokuchasene ne-unionism yaseSpain. Umphumo waba kukuba into eqhelekileyo โyevoti kabiniโ yonyulo lwaseCatalanโapho abavoti baxhasa amaqela ahlukeneyo kwiSpanish Congress nakukhuphiswano lwepalamente yaseCatalanโyanyamalala. Esi siphumo siqinisekisa ngakumbi ukuba i-referendum ye-Oktobha 1, i-2017 kunye nokunyanzeliswa okulandelayo kunye nokunqunyanyiswa kokuzimela kweCatalan kwaphawula ukuguquka kwezopolitiko zaseCatalan naseSpain.
E-Catalonia, ukuzuza okukhulu kwiivoti ngo-Aprili 28 yi-PSC / PSOE (400,000), ehambelana nokunyuka kwezihlalo ukusuka kwi-7 ukuya kwi-12. Ukuzuza okukhulu kwizihlalo kwakuyi-ERC (ukusuka kwi-9 ukuya kwi-15), ehambelana ne-386,000 eyongezelelweyo. iivoti. Ngeevoti ezingaphezulu kwesigidi esinye, i-ERC yaphumelela unyulo lwayo lokuqala lwaseCatalan ukususela ngo-1936 kwaye yenza inyathelo elikhulu lokuziseka njengamandla e-hegemonic kwinkampu yenkululeko, i-eclipsing Together for Catalonia (JxCat), iqela likamongameli owayegxothiwe uCarles Puigdemont kunye ne-ERC ephezulu. iqabane kurhulumente waseCatalan.
Ukwanda kwentatho-nxaxheba kukwathetha ukuba aBemi bazakwandisa ivoti nge-100,000 (ukusuka kwi-10.93% ukuya kwi-11.55%) kodwa bagcine izihlalo zayo ezihlanu kuphela, ngelixa i-JxCat iza kwandisa ivoti yayo epheleleyo nge-16,000 kodwa yehle ukusuka kwi-13.92% ukuya kwi-12.05% ngelixa ilahlekelwe yi-XNUMX%. isihlalo.
Bobabini i-PSC / i-PSOE kunye ne-ERC yenze iinzuzo zabo ngokunyuka kwezinga lokuthatha inxaxheba kunye ne-234,000 yevoti ewela ukuxhasa i-ECP. Oku kubonakaliswe kwinguqu epheleleyo yevoti kwizithili ezilishumi zonyulo kwisixeko saseBarcelona. Kwi-2016, i-ECP yayiyiqela elikhokelayo kwezisibhozo kwezi, kubandakanywa iindawo ezininzi zabasebenzi kunye neendawo ezithandwayo, ngelixa izithili ezibini ezicebileyo zabelwana ngazo phakathi kwePP kunye neDemocratic Convergence yaseCatalonia CDC engasekhoyo. Iminyaka emithathu kunye ne-referendum yokuzimela "engekho mthethweni" kamva, i-ECP, i-PP kunye ne-CDC ziye zanyamalala njengamaqela ahamba phambili kwisixeko sase-Barcelona, โโโโukuba ithathelwe indawo yi-ERC kunye ne-PSC / PSOE (kwizithili ezintlanu nganye).
Kwimeko ye-ERC, le nkqubela phambili yancedwa yintsebenziswano eyasekwa kunye ne-Sovereigntists, ulwahlulo lonyulo lwangaphambili kwi-ECP yalabo baxhasi belungelo lesiCatalan lokugqiba ukuba ngubani oye waziva ukuba i-ECP iwuthobile loo mzabalazo kwinzame ukuphumelela okanye ugcine inkxaso yabavoti bomanyano. Kule poll i-ERC yathatha inyathelo elongezelelweyo ekuzimiseni njengekhaya lezopolitiko lendalo leenkedama zaseCatalanist ezivela kwamanye amaqela, okokuqala kwi-PSC (eyayixhasa ilungelo lesiCatalan lokugqiba kude kube yi-2013) kwaye ngoku ukusuka kwi-ECP.
Olona phawu lubalulekileyo lolonyulo eCatalonia kukutsiba kwivoti yokuzimela, ngokwesiko kuncinci kunyulo lwenkongolose yaseSpain kunokhetho lwesiCatalan ngenxa yento "yevoti ezimbini". Ngo-2016, ivoti exhasa inkululeko iseyi-32.1% kuphela yetotali, kunye namaqela emibutho yabasebenzi afumene i-40.4% iyonke. Ngomhla we-28 ku-Epreli, ivoti yomanyano yanyuka yaya kuma-43.2%, ikakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwevoti ye-PSC, ngelixa ivoti ye-pro-independence (ERC, JxCat kunye ne-left pro-independence Republican Front, ephose nje isihlalo) yaphakama. ngokuphindwe kabini, ukuya kuma-39.3%โinqanaba layo eliphezulu kunyulo lwelizwe laseSpain. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ivoti ye-ECP ye-pro-sovereignty yongezwa kwivoti yokuzimela, ukuxhaswa kwelungelo lesiCatalan lokuthatha isigqibo (kwi-54.27%) igcina ininzi ye-29-19 kwi-caucus yaseCatalan kwi-congress yaseSpain.
Uninzi lwenzuzo kwivoti yokuzimela yayigxininiswe ekunyuseni kwenkxaso ye-ERC, inkxaso yayo yanda kuyo yonke imimandla yaseCatalonia, idlula i-JxCat kwiindawo ezininzi zasemaphandleni kodwa ngokukodwa ukunyusa inkxaso yayo "kumabhanti amashishini" ajikeleze i-Barcelona kunye nezoshishino. Tarragona. Kwiidolophu ezininzi kwezi zithili zithetha isiCastilian ubukhulu becala, ivoti yeERC ngokuphindwe kabini. Isiphumo esincumisayo sesiphumo kukuba uloyiso lweERC kwiphondo laseTarragona lubhentsisa intsomi yomanyano lweCatalonia eyahlulwe phakathi kokuzimela kwasemaphandleni eGirona kunye namaphondo aseLleida ngokuchasene nomanyano lwabasebenzi eBarcelona naseTarragona njengentsomi nangakumbi. yi.
Ngophando olucacileyo olusafuneka, umzekelo osisiseko we-28 ka-Epreli eCatalonia ujonge ukuba yinguqu ukuya ngasekhohlo kunye nenkxaso yelungelo lokuzikhethela, ngaphandle kwaloo nxalenye yevoti yePP eya ngasekunene ukuya. vumela uVox ukuba afumane isihlalo esinye. Phantse zonke ezinye iivoti ze-PP zitshintshelwe kuBemi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye njengoko i-swathe yeevoti zabemi ezigqithiselwe kwi-PSC/PSOE. Ngenxa yoko, iindawo zovoto zabasebenzi ezijike i-orenji (umbala wabemi) kwi-21 kaDisemba 2017 yovoto lwesiCatalan babuyela kwi-PSC / PSOE yabo yendabuko ebomvu, emva kokuba benemibala ye-ECP emfusa kwi-2015-16 ye-XNUMX-XNUMX yokuvota yenkongolo yaseSpain. Kumacala omabini olwahlulo lweeyuniyoni ezizimeleyo, abavoti ke ngoko bathanda loo mikhosi ngentetha yokuthanda iingxoxo-i-PSC/PSOE kunye ne-ERC-ngaphezu kwaBemi kunye ne-JxCat yokujongana ngakumbi.
Nangona kunjalo, xa kujongwa ukuguquguquka kwemeko yezopolitiko, ephawulwe kakhulu lityala elihlazo leNkundla ePhakamileyo yeenkokeli ezili-12 zaseCatalan, esi siphumo sidibana kwaye sinoxanduva lokutshintshwa kukubethwa kweziganeko. Isalathisi esincinci kodwa esixelayo sokulungela kwabantu ukuguqula inkxaso yabo yeza kwivoti yeSenethi kwiphondo laseBarcelona.
Iqela eliphambili kuloo voti yi-PSC / PSOE, kunye ne-24.67%, ilandelwa yi-ERC, kunye ne-22.95%. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokuvota ye-Senate ivumela ukuvotela abantu ngabanye kungekhona amatikiti kuphela, umgqatswa ofumene ivoti ephezulu wayesakuba ngumphathiswa wemicimbi yangaphandle yaseCatalan kunye nomgqatswa okhokelayo we-ERC uRaรผl Romeva, ekuvalelweni okuthintela kunye nokujongana neNkundla ePhakamileyo. I-Romeva iphumelele i-30.71% yevoti, ngokucacileyo ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abavoti be-PSC / PSOE kunye ne-ECP bakhethe le ndlela yokubonisa ubumbano kunye nokucaphuka kwabo kwi-Spanish ukusekwa kwetyala lokubonisa kunye nokuvalelwa kweenkokheli zaseCatalonia.
isiphelo
Ukoyiswa kwelungelo nge-28 ka-Epreli ngunobangela wokubhiyozelwa kwabo bonke abantu abanenkqubela kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo waba namava anjalo apha eSpain. Kwangaxeshanye, uphawu lwePSOE lwe "soft cop" unionism, ngokuchasene ngokulinganayo kulo naliphi na ilungelo lesiCatalan lokuthatha isigqibo kwaye lixhaswe kwihilt ngamagunya-abe-Yurophu, ayiphumelelanga ukwenza nayiphi na into kwi-pro-independence kunye nepro. -inkampu yolongamo eCatalonia nase-Euskadi, eyaqinisa isikhundla sabo.
Indlela yokuphumelela kwe-PSOE yenze ukuba kube nzima ukuba ilawule ngokwezopolitiko kunye naBemi, iphupha elimanzi lamagunya ezoqoqosho eSpain kunye neKhomishini yaseYurophu. Oku kwenziwa ngomboniso kwangobo busuku lwayo loloyiso, xa amatsha ntliziyo ePSOE aphazamisa intetho yoloyiso ka-Sรกnchez ngengoma ethi โNot With [Inkokeli yaBemi uAlbert] Rivera!โ.
Umba we-referendum yokuzimela yaseCatalan uhlala uvutha njengakuqala, kwaye esona sizathu siphambili se-PSOE sokuchitha iingxoxo malunga nalo ngoFebruwari-ithuba lonyulo elivezwe ngumbono welungelo kunye noloyiso olukude kwii-polls-liye lasuswa ngokwalo. uloyiso.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ilungelo lomanyano olukhawulezayo alizange loyiswe, kodwa liye lenziwa buthathaka, kwaye inkokeli yemisebenzi yayo kumaziko-ityala leNkundla ePhakamileyo leenkokheli ezili-12 zaseCatalan-ngoku libonakala licace ngakumbi njenge-face engekho sikweni yokuba yi.
Umbutho wamaCatalan, kunye nedemokhrasi kuyo yonke indawo, ngoku kufuneka ziphindaphinde iifowuni zabo zokuba urhulumente waseSpain arhoxe ukutshutshisa eli tyala, akhulule amabanjwa ezopolitiko-abane kubo onyulelwe ipalamente-kwaye ekugqibeleni baqalise iingxoxo malunga nokuba iCatalonia iza kuba njani. I-referendum ye-Scottish-style efunwa yi-80% yabantu bayo.
Ibhalwe ngoncedo olwamkelekileyo lukaJulian Coppens. UDick Nichols nguye Luhlaza eKhohlo ngeveki Umnxibelelanisi waseYurophu, ozinze e-Barcelona. Inguqulelo yokuqala yeli nqaku ivele kwiwebhusayithi yayo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela