Kwi-2019, unyulo lwaseYurophu kunye nomthetho luya kwenzeka ePortugal kwimeko yezopolitiko yelizwe ehluke kuyo nayiphi na enye kwi-European Union (EU), apho umgaqo-nkqubo we-austerity usekho kwaye ukunyuka kwelungelo lobuhlanga kunye ne-xenophobic kubonakala kungenakunqandwa.
Kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo, urhulumente omncinci we-Socialist Party (PS) uye waxhaswa ngaphandle ngaphandle yi-Left Bloc (BE), iQela lamaKomanisi lasePortugal (PCP) kunye ne-Ecologist Party-The Greens (PEV). Ngokusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yolwandiso olukhethekileyo eYurophu[1], imivuzo kunye neentlawulo zentlalontle zinyukile (umvuzo ophantsi ngama-20%), ushishino lwabucala luyekile (kubandakanywa nezo zeenkqubo zikaloliwe wemetro), intswela-ngqesho yehle ngesiqingatha ukuya kwi-6.3%, abasebenzi bethutyana eluntwini. Icandelo lenziwe lasisigxina kwaye amatyala ombane nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke kwiintsapho ezihluphekileyo ezingaphezu kwama-700,000 athotyiwe. Kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luka-2019, elona nqanaba liphezulu leefizi zaseyunivesithi liya kucuthwa nge-20%, iincwadi zezifundo ziya kufumaneka simahla ngexesha lemfundo enyanzelekileyo kwaye bonke abantwana baya kuba nokufikelela kwindawo yokufundela abantwana.
Ezinye iinzuzo ziquka: ukusekwa kwakhona kweeholide ezine ezisikwe ngurhulumente wangaphambili; ukuthotywa kwerhafu kwingeniso yabasebenzi kunye nokunyuka kwerhafu kwiifemu ezinkulu; ukupheliswa kweerhafu ezingaphezulu kwimivuzo kunye nomhlalaphantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwerhafu entsha kwi-real estate ye-luxury; ukuqaliswa kwakhona kweengxoxo ezidityanelweyo kwicandelo likarhulumente kunye nokupheliswa kokutshintshwa ngenkani kwabasebenzi bakarhulumente; ukumiswa kokukhutshwa kwabantu abadala okanye abakhubazekileyo abahlala kwindawo enye iminyaka eyi-15 kunye nokuhlaziywa kwemithetho yerenti ukukhusela abaqeshi; kunye neziqinisekiso zokukhuselwa kokhuseleko loluntu kubasebenzi abazisebenzelayo ababonelela ngeenkonzo kwiifemu ezahlukeneyo.
Emva kweminyaka yokungakhathali, imizabalazo yemibutho yabasebenzi nayo iye yanda: kulo nyaka abasebenzi kwezempilo, imfundo, ezothutho kunye namanye amacandelo bebelwela ukubuyisela oko baphulukene nako phantsi kobungqongqo obuqhutywa yi-EU obusetyenziswe phakathi kuka-2011 no-2015 yi-EU. ulawulo lwasekunene lwe-Social Democratic Party (PSD) kunye ne-People's Party (CDS-PP).
Kananjalo akukho phawu lwakuphi na ukuvela kwakhona kwelungelo elikude ePortugal: ukujongelwa phantsi kwayo kuchasene neSpain engummelwane, apho i-xenophobic, i-anti-feminist kunye ne-ultra-centralist force Vox isandula ukuqalisa ukubhalisa kuvoto lwezimvo.
PS uxinzelelo
I-PCP kunye neBloc yeKhohlo, ebambe iNkomfa yeSizwe yeshumi elinanye eLisbon ngoNovemba 9-11, inokuthatha ikhredithi eninzi kule nkqubela phambili. Ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu uxinzelelo lwabo luye lwatyhala urhulumente weNkulumbuso uAntรณnio Costa ukuba aphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo ebemadolw' anzima ukuyamkela okanye ebengayicingi nokuyicinga. Le nkqubo yaqala ngoko nangoko emva konyulo luka-2015 xa ukuze iphumelele iBloc yaseLeft exhasa i-PS kwafuneka ilahle izindululo zayo zokumiswa komhlalaphantsi, ukucuthwa kweminikelo yomqeshi kwingxowa-mali yokhuseleko loluntu kunye nomthetho wokwenza kube lula ukugxothwa.
Uxinzelelo lwe-Left Bloc lwaze lwakwazi ukuvelisa iqela elisebenzayo elidibeneyo kunye ne-PS kwi-Portugal yomthwalo wetyala loluntu kunye nangaphandle: yagqiba ukuba imithetho yebhajethi ye-EU "yayingenabulungisa kwaye ingenakulungiswa", kodwa urhulumente waseCosta akazange abonise uphawu lokuthatha isenzo kulo kuxilongwa.
Indima encomekayo edlalwe liqela ukusukela ngo-2015 ibingumxholo kumnxibelelanisi wesizwe we-Left Bloc uCatarina Martins[2] indibano yokuvula intetho. Ubethelele inqaku lokuqala lomxholo owawuza kuphinda uvele kwindibano yonke - isoyikiso kwiinzuzo zentlalo ukuba uninzi lwe-PS olupheleleyo kunyulo olulandelayo luya kubandakanya:
Ukuba i-PS yayinendlela yayo, abadla umhlala-phantsi babeza kuphulukana neenyanga ezimbini zomhlalaphantsi wabo. Ukuba i-PS ibinesininzi esipheleleyo kwaye ibeke ezi ziphumo, abadla umhlala-phantsi kunye nabasebenzi bebeya kuba nzima kakhulu. Esinjani sona isiqabu esaba namandla okutshitshisa iziphakamiso zenkqubo yePS!
Inkxaso edumileyo yeenzuzo eziphumeleleyo ukususela kwi-2015 ibonakaliswe kwiivoti zezimvo. Kunyulo lwe-2015 ivoti epheleleyo ekhohlo ebanzi, kubandakanywa neqela lamalungelo ezilwanyana i-People-Animals-Nature (PAN), yayiyi-52.2%: ukususela ngo-Oktobha yayiyi-avareji ye-57.1%. Ngexesha elifanayo, inkxaso edibeneyo ye-PSD kunye ne-CDS-PP yehla ukusuka kwi-38.6% ukuya kwi-34.3%. Ukuncipha kwenkxaso yamaqela elungelo kwakhokelela ekubeni uMartins axelele indibano ukuba ukuvotelwa ngobuchule kwi-PS ukugcina i-PSD kunye ne-CDS-PP ngaphandle kurhulumente ibe yinto yexesha elidlulileyo: "Loo voti yokoyika ilungelo, ivoti ekhethe isiphumo esibi kunesiphumo esibi kakhulu, loo voti ifile. Yanga ingaphumla ngoxolo.
Nangona kunjalo, inkqubela phambili evela kurhulumente waseCosta yiPCP kunye neenzame zeLeft Bloc azikabonakali ngoku kwinkxaso eyandisiweyo yala maqela. Ophumeleleyo kwi-polling ibe ngurhulumente we-PS ngokwawo: inkxaso yakhe yafikelela kwi-44% ngo-2017 kwaye ngoku imi kwi-40% (ivoti ye-PS kunyulo luka-2015 yayiyi-32.8%).
Oku kuhambela phambili kukhokelele amacandelo e-PS, exhaswa ngamacandelo abalulekileyo osomashishini abakwi-Putukezi abakwizinga eliphezulu, ukuba bacinge ngokufumana uninzi olupheleleyo kunyulo lukazwelonke lowama-2019. Ukuba oko kubonakala kungenakwenzeka, iCebo B inokuba kukwenza umfelandawonye olawulayo kunye ne-PCP, ukushiya iBloc yaseKhohlo enenkathazo ngakumbi kubanda. Ngelo xesha, i-PSD iye yacacisa ukuba iya kulungele ukujoyina i-PS ekwakheni "urhulumente weziko" ukwenzela ukuba inqande zombini imikhosi ekhohlo.
Intshukumo yesininzi
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, indlela eya kwi-PS enonyulo olungaphantsi konyaka kude yalawula ingxoxo ye-Left Bloc yangaphambi kwendibano, eyayijikeleza kwizindululo ezithathu eziphakamisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqhelaniswa nedemokhrasi yasePortugal. Phakathi kwazo ezi zindululo zonyule ama-582 kubathunywa bendibano abangama-625, kunye nabathunywa abaseleyo abangama-43 kwabelwana phakathi kwamaqonga amathandathu engingqi.
I-Motion A (โIBloc Eyomeleleyo Yokutshintsha Ilizweโ) iphumelele i-83.7% yenkxaso kuvoto lwabathunywa besebe kunye nabathunywa abangama-523 (ngokomlinganiselo womthunywa omnye kumalungu ali-13). Iphumelele ukuxhaswa kwamaqela amathathu e-Left Bloc yangaphakathi - Alternative Left (ukutyekela kwayo okusesikweni kuphela), iqonga leKhosi eNtsha kunye neNethiwekhi ye-Anti-Capitalist. [3] Isindululo sangqina isikhundla seBloc yasekhohlo yenkxaso ebalulekileyo kurhulumente wePS njengenye indlela eya ekunene, yaphawula impumelelo ezuziweyo, kodwa yabonisa nokuba yiyiphi enye into ebinokuzuzwa ukuba urhulumente waseCosta akazange ayithobele imiyalelo ye-EU kwicandelo likarhulumente. intsilelo kunye nokunciphisa amatyala.
Ukwamkelwa kwe-PS yemiqobo yeKomishoni yaseYurophu kuthetha ukuba, ngelixa kukho indawo yokubuyisela umva ubungqongqo ekunyukeni koqoqosho, ubuthathaka besakhiwo soqoqosho lwasePortugal buqhubekile phantsi komhlaba: inkqubo yebhanki yahlala isesichengeni, utyalo-mali lukawonkewonke lusenemali, uhlengahlengiso lwamatyala oluntu lwalusenjalo. uxinzelelo kunye ne-asethi yesiPhuthukezi bekusajoliswe kuyo ngokulula kutyalo-mali oluqikelelwayo lwangaphandle. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, โuhlaziyoโ lwemarike yezemisebenzi yorhulumente wangaphambili wogcino-mthetho lusekho. Ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho okulandelayo kuya kwenza oku kusilela kukujongana notshintsho olumandla kucace kwaye kulo mxholo esona siphumo sibi sinokwenzeka kunyulo olulandelayo iya kuba sisininzi sePS, sivumela idemokhrasi yezentlalo yasePortugal ukuba iphinde iqalise isimo sayo sendalo njengeqela eliziko elingahambisaniyo nokwazisa imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlulayo. ishishini elikhulu.
Esi sindululo sikwaphawule indima entle ngokubanzi yePCP, apho iBloc yaseKhohlo ibivumelana nayo kuvoto lwasepalamente kwimiba emininzi. Udliwano-ndlebe ngaphambi kwendibano yi-arhente yeendaba yasePortugal uLusa, uMartins uthe i-Bloc "ixabise kakhulu umsebenzi kunye nokudibanisa kunye namakomanisi" nangona i-PCP inkcaso kwi-euthanasia kunye nelungelo lokwamkelwa ngabantu besini esifanayo.
Ekuboniseni iSindululo A, iLungu leLungu lePalamente laseYurophu uMarisa Matias wachaza imida emihlanu yomzabalazo wezentlalo nowonyulo: ukubuyiswa kwamalungelo abasebenzi; ukuvuselelwa kweenkonzo zoluntu, ngakumbi iNkonzo yezeMpilo yeSizwe; isicwangciso-qhinga sokuthomalalisa uqoqosho; ukwanda kotyalo-mali lukarhulumente; kunye nokuqinisekisa ukongamela kokutya. Ulawulo lukawonke-wonke lwamacandelo oqoqosho acwangcisiweyo, aqale ngeebhanki namandla, luya kufuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe inkqubela phambili kuninzi lwale mimandla.
Ezo zindululo yayizezona zincinci zifunekayo ukuvala iinzuzo zeminyaka emithathu edlulileyo kunye nokuqhubeka nohlaselo lobuhlwempu kunye nokuthotywa kokusingqongileyo, ePortugal naseYurophu. Zingahambelani nezivumelwano zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-EU, ukuthobela izibophelelo zetyala kwaye mhlawumbi nobulungu be-euro, kodwa zaziyimfuneko ukuba kwakuza kwakhiwe enye indlela yeenkqubo zelungelo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga nezobuzwe. Ziya kuba sisiseko sesiphakamiso se-Left Bloc kurhulumente osekhohlo ePortugal ngokwahlukileyo ngokwahlukileyo kwi-PS ekhokelwa yi-"contraption"[4] kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo.
Izindululo zabambalwa
Kwi-Motion C ("iDemokhrasi eNninzi, uMbutho oMninzi"), ukusebenza kwe-Left Bloc ukususela kwindibano yayo yokugqibela kwi-2016 "yayilungile kuyo yonke into, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba iqhube ngakumbi". Ngokuphathelele ingxaki engunaphakade yokufumana ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokwakha imibutho yentlalontle kunye nokusebenza kumaziko, "asisagxininisi ngokupheleleyo kumsebenzi wepalamente, kodwa le yindlela esiye sathatha amanyathelo okuqala kuphela."
Inkxalabo ephambili ye-Motion C, eyaphumelela i-1.9% kunyulo lwabathunywa bengqungquthela (abathunywa be-12) kwaye ubukhulu becala benziwe ngamalungu amancinci, yayiyizakhiwo ze-Left Bloc kunye nobomi bangaphakathi. Oku kwakucingelwa ukuba kuphawulwe kukuthathwa kwezigqibo eziphezulu ezantsi, ukunqongophala kwengqalelo kumbutho wasekhaya (iBloc yaseKhohlo ikwazile ukuma koomasipala abangama-170 kuphela kwabangama-308 kunyulo loorhulumente basekhaya lowama-2017), ukuqalisa komsebenzi kwaye, okona kubalulekileyo, ulawulo lombutho ngokwamaqela awo angaphakathi. Isindululo C sifundeka ngolu hlobo:
Kungekudala okanye kamva abatsha abajoyinayo bagqiba ukufumanisa ukuchasana phakathi kweziphakamiso ezimodareyitha zeBloc kunye nokushiyeka okungaphantsi kwezinto. Abanye bahlala kwaye bawela emgceni notyekelo, kodwa uninzi lwabangeneleli, abona bangcono, bahlehla xa beqonda ukuba le ayisiyiyo iBloc ababethenjisiwe. Kungenxa yoko le nto sinezinga eliphezulu lokuzibamba kunyulo lwangaphakathi, kwiimeko ezininzi ngaphezu kwe-90%.
Unyango olucetywayo kwezi zigulo lube: ukuthobela isinyanzelo sezindululo zamaqumrhu akhokelayo ukuba zijongwe kwangaphambili yimibutho yasekuhlaleni, ukuxhotyiswa kwezakhiwo zengingqi kunye nokuphepha naluphi na utyekelo olunye ekufumaneni ulawulo. Isiphakamiso sifundeka ngolu hlobo:
Kububulungisa obusisiseko ukugxininisa ukuba yonke into esinayo, iBloc echaphazelekayo kunye neqela lesithathu elikhulu elinokumelwa kwiNdibano yeRiphabhliki, inento eninzi yokwenza nomsebenzi owenziwe ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili [Alternative left and the Uthungelwano oluchasene nobuCapitalist]. Siya kuba singenambulelo ukuba asiyiqondi loo nto. Oko kuthethiweyo, ukuba nje utyekelo lungafikeleli esiphelweni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba akukho namnye kubo ofumana ulawulo olupheleleyo lweBloc. Ukuba oko kuya kwenzeka, kuya kuba sisiphelo seBloc yaseKhohlo kwaye siya kubuyela kwiintsuku zokuba liqela elingenamsebenzi ngokupheleleyo.
I-Motion C iphinde yabeka iimpendulo zobuchule kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezinokulandela unyulo lukazwelonke lowama-2019: kwimeko yesininzi se-PS esipheleleyo, inkcaso; kwimeko yesininzi se-PS esixhomekeke kwinkxaso ye-Left Bloc, qhubeka neqhinga leminyaka emithathu edlulileyo; kodwa โakukho meko ivumayo ukungena kubufundisi bePSโ. Oku kwakuchasene neSindululo A, esingangenanga kukhetho luthile malunga neemeko eliza kuqwalasela ukungena phantsi kwazo kurhulumente.
I-Motion M ("I-Bloc Engayeki ngasemva") ichaze umgca owamkelwe bunkokeli njengokunceda i-PS iphumeze "i-austerity-lite". Kwi-Motion M, โiindlela zokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe azikabuyi umva, intswela-ngqesho isephezulu kwaye imisebenzi idalwe ngokuxhatshazwa, ingakumbi ngokusebenzisa owona mvuzo uphantsi.โ
NgokukaMotion M, ophumelele inkxaso ye-7.5% kunyulo lwabathunywa bendibano (abathunywa abangama-47), iinzuzo zeminyaka emithathu edlulileyo kwafuneka zijongwe njengento engento ngaphandle kokunciphisa okuncinci kobungqongqo:
Kwingxelo karhulumente yokuba โkukubuyiswa kwengenisoโ eyoyikisayo okuqhube ukukhula koqoqosho kufuneka kuchane nenyaniso yokuba kwilizwe elixhomekeke kakhulu kumanyano lwezoqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe yayikukukhula koqoqosho kummandla waseYurophu okwavumela ukuchacha okulinganiselweyo. kwimivuzo ephakathi kwenkqubo-sikhokelo yezithintelo ezamkelweyo ngurhulumente. Ke ngoko, ethatha eli thuba lomanyano lwezoqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nenkxaso yepalamente ekhohlo, urhulumente wePS wakhetha indlela ye-austerity-lite kwaye wazinqanda ekusebenziseni ithuba lokusebenzisa ukukhula koqoqosho ukuze abuyisele umva eyona nto inzima. imiba yeprojekthi yokutshatyalaliswa kwentlalontle eyenziwa yiTroika[5] kunye nelungelo.
Inkxaso yeBloc yasekhohlo kurhulumente yayithetha โukwenziwa nzulu kweenkqubo zezopolitiko zosasazo, ipalamente kunye nexesha elifutshane โฆ Umfanekiso weBloc edityaniswe ngokukhululekileyo kwinkqubo yezopolitiko ekucingelwa ukuba ifuna ukuyitshintsha unokuba ngumqobo ekwakheni enye iprojekthi yezopolitiko. kwimeko yangoku.โ
Xa enikezela ngeMotion M, u-Inรชs Ribeiro Santos uthe โukwakhiwa kweqela elichasene nongxowankulu elimele utshintsho bume bento kwaye ingekuko ukulondolozwa kwayo kuthetha ukuzibonakalisa njengenye indlela kwimigaqo-nkqubo ye-neoliberal nokungajongwa njengeqela lesiporho elingemiyo kurhulumente okanye elichasayo.โ Ngokuchasene nezinto eziphambili ezintlanu eziphambili ze-Motion A, i-Motion M ibonise uluhlu lweemfuno ze-29 "njengenkqubo encinci yobomi obunesidima".
Kumxhasi weMotion M uCarlos Carujo, udliwano-ndlebe ngu Espresso phambi kwendibano:
Le ndibano kufuneka ibe ngumzuzu wokhetho olusisiseko yiBloc kule minyaka mibini izayo. Kodwa i-Motion A ayicacanga malunga nomba karhulumente. Ithetha ngorhulumente wasekhohlo ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuba yintoni na, izakudalwa phantsi kweziphi iimeko kwaye nabani. Kwizivumelwano kunye ne-PS ishiya yonke into emoyeni ukuba ubunkokeli benze isigqibo malunga nokuba yintoni oyifunayo, kwaye akufanele kube njalo.
Ngokwenyani, ingxoxo phakathi kweMotion A kunye neMotion M iqhubekile naleyo ibiqhuba kwiBloc yaseKhohlo ukusukela oko yafikelela kwisivumelwano nePS esivumela ilungelo lokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kurhulumente. Kwakuthetha ukuba i-Left Bloc kunye ne-PCP inokucudisa inzuzo kurhulumente waseCosta, kodwa yabeka uxinzelelo kwimibutho emibini ekhohlo ukuba ingarhoxi ekuyixhaseni. [6]
Impikiswano
Impendulo yesininzi ekugxekeni kweMotion M yafika kwingxoxo yenkomfa. Okokuqala, iBloc yaseKhohlo yayikwimeko yokungena kurhulumente, nokuba iimeko zokwenza oko zazingekabikho. Ilungu lePalamente kunye nesithethi sezemali uMariana Mortรกgua uthe:
Ngaba bayasibuza ukuba siyafuna na ukungena kurhulumente? Ewe, sifuna ukungena kurhulumente. Ngaba bayasibuza ukuba siyafuna na ukungena kurhulumente? Ewe, singamandla aphezu kwayo. Singamandla ezopolitiko. Amandla esiphakamiso esihle, isibindi, kunye nokuthobeka ukuxoxa nabani na ofuna ukwakha ngakwesobunxele.
Iminyaka emithathu yokushiya i-PS ngaphandle kwezizathu zokuchasa izindululo zayo, ngokwamazwi kaMartins, "iqela eliqinisekileyo, elilungiselelwe ngcono, eliqinileyo ngakumbi kuhlalutyo kunye neziphakamiso zalo. IBloc ibonise ukuba inabantu abanobuchule abazi ngaphezu kwabefundisi abaninzi, kuba siyaziqonda iingxaki ebomini. โ I-Left Bloc, ngokutsho kowayesakuba ngumnxibelelanisi wesizwe uFrancisco Louรงรฃ, โkufuneka ibonelele ngengqiniseko yokuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni ngempilo, ngezithuthi zikawonke-wonke, ngemfundo, kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Yiloo nto eyakusivumela kwixesha elizayo ukuba sifezekise urhulumente kunye nezikhundla zoxanduva olukhulu. "
Ingxaki ephambili yayiyi-balance of forces kunye ne-PS kwaye oku kuya kutshintsha kuphela xa kukho ukuqonda okubanzi kuluntu ngesidingo sokucela umngeni kwimiqobo ebekwe yi-EU ukuba iinzuzo zentlalo kufuneka zikhuselwe kwaye zandiswe. Isigaba esikhawulezileyo ke ngoko siya kuba ngumlo weentliziyo kunye neengqondo kunye ne-PS, apho iLungu lePalamente uJoana Mortรกgua wenza eli galelo:
I-PS ixelele ilizwe ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuguqula iphepha kwi-austerity ngexesha elifanayo nokuthobela iinjongo ze-compact [EU] yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kodwa ngokuchanekileyo eso sithembiso yi-contraption's straitjacket. Emva kokufezekisa oko sikwenzileyo i-PS yayisoloko imi endleleni xa sifuna ukuya phambili. [Ukonyuka] utyalo-mali lukawonke-wonke ngumda we-contraption, kwaye kungekhona ngenxa yomcimbi wokuzinza kweemali zoluntu, kodwa ngenxa yomcimbi wokuzinza kwephulo likaMรกrio Centeno.
Esi yayisisibhengezo esiphoxayo kwibhidi eliyimpumelelo likanondyebo wasePortugal uMรกrio Centeno ukuba abe ngusihlalo we-Eurogroup yabaphathiswa bezemali be-EU, ethatha indawo yeqabane laseDatshi uJeroen Djisselbloem, umgulukudu okhokelayo kwi-Eurogroupโs bashing ye-Greek SYRIZA government ngo-2015. eyona ndlela iphambili yohlaselo kwi-PS yayikukwala kwayo ukutshintsha ubuso kumthetho wabasebenzi ovunywe yi-EU ozuzwe njengelifa. Kwilungu lePalamente uJosรฉ Soeiro oku "kwakuhlatywa okujoliswe esifubeni sabasebenzi".
Umxholo wesibini oqhelekileyo wengxoxo-mpikiswano unxulumene nenqanaba apho i-Left Bloc iphumelele kuphela "iimvuthuluka" ezivela kurhulumente waseCosta kwaye inokuthi ithotyelwe yimeko yayo yokuxhasa ngokubalulekileyo. Ilungu lePalamente uJorge Costa wayeqinisekile ukuba kwakungenjalo:
Amagunya ezoqoqosho awasixoleli ngokwenza imizabalazo esinayo. Iimali zezindlu nezindlu azisixoleli kumlo esiwuqhube ngokuchasene noqikelelo; [oyile yezizwe ngezizwe] Galp akasixoleli ngokubayekisa ukugrumba ioli; [inkampani yokuhambisa] I-CTT ayisixoleli; [unxibelelwano ngefowuni kunye nomsebenzisi wemultimedia] uAltice akasixoleli; usapho [olutyebe kakhulu] uQueiroz Pereira alusixoleli; abangcolisi boMlambo iTejo abasixoleli; [isigebenga samandla] I-EDP ayisixoleli ngokuyinyanzela ukuba iphumeze irhafu yentlalontle [yemizi ehluphekayo]; Iimanyano zabaphathi azisixoleli ngokonyusa umvuzo ophantsi ukuya kuma-600 eeuroโฆ
Abasixoleli kwaye oku kuthetha into enye kuphela: kumaxesha amva nje besisenza into elungileyo.
Noko ke, kumxhasi weMotion M, uFrancisco Pacheco, uqhankqalazo lwaqhubeka ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo: โNgokwembono yethu asinako ukuzinika ubomi obutofotofo bokuba neminye iminyaka emine yokuqhatha.โ
Ingxoxo yendibano ithande ukuxuba utshintshiselwano phakathi kwezithethi ezisuka kwimikhwa emithathu enomdla ngakumbi "kwiingxelo zedabi" ezivela kubathunywa abaninzi abangama-625. Babehlala besuka kwimimandla ekude, kuquka iAzores kunye neMadeira, kwaye bathetha ngemibandela enzima abajongene nayo yokwakha ukuchasana noluntu kunye ne-Left Bloc kwiindawo zabo ezikude. Igalelo elinjalo libonise ingxoxo ebhaliweyo yangaphambi kwendibano, eyayigubungela ngaphezu kwezihloko ze-60, kubandakanywa nemiba "emitsha" efana nokulwa nobuhlanga kuluntu oluzidlayo ngokungabikho kocalucalulo lobuhlanga kunye nokuvuselelwa kwamva nje kwentshukumo yabasetyhini. Oku kudityaniswe nemingeni ekudala ikho yeBloc yaseKhohlo, efana nokutyalwa buthathaka emaphandleni kunye nemfuneko engxamisekileyo yokuba iphuhlise inkqubo yayo kunye nesiseko senkxaso malunga nemiba efana nezolimo, ulawulo lwamahlathi nokuloba.
Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto iphambili yengxoxo, ecatshukiswe yingxelo kaMortรกgua ethe ngqo yokuba "sifuna ukulawula", yayiyintelekelelo malunga neemeko apho iBloc yasekhohlo inokonwabisa ngokunzulu ukungena kurhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, olona khetho lokwenene apha alunakuxoxwa kwingxoxo-mpikiswano apho i-Motions M kunye ne-C zicebise i-vetoes yecandelo. Kwakungekho ngxoxo, umzekelo, malunga nokuba iBloc yaseKhohlo kufuneka icinge ukuba liqabane elincinane kurhulumente we-PS, kwaye phantsi kweyiphi imiqathango. Abanye abathunywa begalelo kwisiphumo sokuba โngekuba kuhle ukuba u-X ebengumphathiswaโ uvelise ungenelelo lobunkokeli elumkisa ukuba iimeko zokungena kurhulumente zikude ukuba zizaliseke kwaye u-PS okhoyo ngokwenene wayengumabi othembekileyo wemiyalelo iKhomishini yaseYurophu.[7]
Kwintetho yakhe yokuvala, uMartins wathetha ngalo mba emva kokugxininisa ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwaseYurophu olupholisayo kufuneka lutshitshiswe ngokuhlanganisa abantu abaninzi:
Zonke iipolitiki ngumzabalazo wegunya kunye norhulumente. Nantsi ke, lo ngumzabalazo wethu kurhulumente: sifuna ukukwazi ukuwufeza phambi kwabantu bethu. Siza kusokola ukuze lo rhulumente ezenzeke. Musa ukubuza ukuba sifuna ukuba yinxalenye yorhulumente olandelayo, kodwa ngaba siqinisekile ukuba siya kuba namandla okuba yinxalenye karhulumente xa abantu befuna.
Yeyiphi eyona mpendulo iluncedo enokuthi inikwe kuzo zonke iingqikelelo zabathunywa: inqanaba eliphezulu lokuhlangana kwentlalo kunye nokuqina kweBloc yaseKhohlo, kokukhona kuya kuba nokwenzeka korhulumente osekhohlo apho anokuthi athathe inxaxheba kwaye athathe inxaxheba. .
Yonke le nto yayizama abahlalutyi bezopolitiko abaziingcali. Iminikelo yabo โkwintsingiselo yendibanoโ yayisusela koku:
Le yayiyinkongolo eyayimisela iBloc yaseKhohlo njengeqela likarhulumente. Ngumbutho okhawulezayo oqhuba inguqu ukusuka kwiqela loqhanqalazo ukuya kwiqela leziko. (Luรญs Aguiar-Conraria)
kwelinye icala:
Ngaba iBloc icinga ukuba i-PS ngokwenene liqela lasekhohlo? Akunjalo. Ngaba iBloc icinga ukuba umanyano lwemali [i-euro] sesona sikhokelo sifanelekileyo sokuphuhlisa uqoqosho lwasePortugal? Akunjalo. Kodwa iBloc, ngenxa yoloyiko luka-2011 [xa iphulukene nesiqingatha sezihlalo zayo ezili-16 epalamente] kunye nokujika kwePCP ngo-2015 [inkxaso ebaluleke kakhulu kurhulumente wePS], kufuneka itshintshisene nokungathobeli isiko layo โngokulungela ukuya. eburhulumenteniโ โ unyawo olunye, nangona lukhubazekile, emandleni. Akukho nanye kule "modareyitha", ngomqondo wokwamkelwa kwemigaqo yedemokhrasi emele, uqoqosho lwemarike kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweYurophu. (Rui Ramos)
isiphelo
Ukuvota kwiziphakamiso akuzange kusimangalise, kunye ne-Motion A iphumelele i-90% yenkxaso (i-459 kwi-510 yokuvota), i-Motion M 7.8% (iivoti ze-40), i-Motion C 1.7% (i-9 iivoti) kunye ne-0.4% inqande (iivoti ezi-2). I-Motion A nayo iphumelele izikhundla ezingama-70 kwezingama-80 kwiBhodi yeSizwe yeBloc yasekhohlo (ngeevoti ezingama-457 kubathunywa abangama-584 abavotayo). Ezinye izithuba ezili-10 ziye kwi-Motion C (iivoti ezingama-62) kuba abathunywa abaxhasa u-Motion M babonakalisile ukuba abakwazi ukunika itikiti elimanyeneyo. Beziyi-57 iivoti ezingekho sikweni kunye neevoti ezonakeleyo ezisibhozo. Isindululo A sikwaphumelele zosixhenxe izikhundla kwiKomishoni yoLawulo.
Ingqungquthela ke ngoko yabona ukomelezwa kwesininzi kunye nokuncipha kwenkxaso kwimisinga ebaluleke kakhulu kwisivumelwano ne-PS. Inkxaso kumgca weSindululo M yehle yaya kutsho kwi-7.6% ukusuka kwi-11.4% ephumeleleyo ngumanduleli wayo iSindululo R kwingqungquthela yesizwe yokugqibela, ngelixa inkxaso yobunkokeli besininzi inyuke ukusuka kuma-79.7% abhalisiweyo ngo-2016. inani labathunywa, oku kubonakale ikakhulu ngenxa yokungakwazi kwabaxhasi beMotion M ukuchaza enye indlela enokwenzeka kwinkxaso ebaluleke kakhulu nenemiqathango iBloc yaseKhohlo inike i-PS kunye novoto lwabo lokuphindwa phindwa kokuchasana nokuba yeyiphi enye indlela enokwenzeka. emva konyulo lukazwelonke olulandelayo.
Ngenqanaba lomanyano olubhalisiweyo kule voti, iBloc yaseKhohlo ibekwe kakuhle ukuba ijongane nomceli mngeni wayo wokuqala ngo-2019 - ukuphumelela izihlalo ezingaphezulu kunyulo lwepalamente kaMeyi yaseYurophu ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kumanyano oluthi โKwaye ngoku, Abantuโ bamaqela ashiyekileyo. ukusuka eFinland, eSweden, eDenmark, eFransi naseSpain.
Lo yayingumxholo wendibano yokuvula indibano yamazwe ngamazwe, egxile ekuveleni kwelungelo e-Italiyane kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo elusizi yokuchasana nembacu yoMbutho wayo oMntla kunye norhulumente weNkwenkwezi eziHlanu. Ilungu lePalamente yase-Italiya yasekhohlo u-Erasmo Palazzotto kunye no-Eleonora Forenza, iLungu lePalamente yaseYurophu yokuVuselelwa ngokutsha kobuKomanisi kunye naMandla kuBantu, bachaze indlela okwanda ngayo ukuxhathisa urhulumente wase-Italiya ngetyhefu ye-xenophobia. Oku kubonisa ukuba kwakukho inkxaso kaDomenico Lucano, usodolophu wedolophu yaseCalabrian eRiace, obekwe ityala โlokukhuthaza ukurhweba ngabantu ngokungekho mthethweniโ ngenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo wakhe wokwamkela iimbacu nokuzinza ekuhlaleni.[8]
Umyalezo ongundoqo wentlanganiso wawukukuba ilungelo lobuhlanga liyimveliso yeYurophu "eqhelekileyo" yobungqongqo be-neoliberal. INkomfa yeSizwe yeLeft Bloc's yeshumi elinanye yaba linyathelo elibalulekileyo eliya phambili ekwakheni umlo wokulwa neYurophu kunye nenzala yayo ekhuthaza intiyo yobuhlanga kunye nentiyo.
UDick Nichols nguye Luhlaza sasekhohlo veki nganyeUmnxibelelanisi waseYurophu, oseBarcelona. Wazimasa indibano yeBloc yaseKhohlo egameni loManyano lwe-Australian Socialist. Uguqulelo olufutshane lweli nqaku sele luvele kwi Luhlaza sasekhohlo veki nganye webhsayithi.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela