Emva kokuba ulonyulo lwe-21 kaDisemba luqinisekise uninzi lwenkululeko, kwabonakala ngathi lixesha nje ngaphambi kokuba kufungiswe ulawulo olutsha. Ngaphaya kweenyanga ezimbini kamva, uloyiko lokuphinda lonyulo luphazamisa imeko yezopolitiko.
Isiphumo se-21 kaDisemba siqinisekise ngokufanelekileyo isiphumo sokuzimela geqe kwi-referendum ye-1 ka-Oktobha kunye nokubhengezwa kwe-27 ka-Oktobha yeRiphabhliki yaseCatalan. Kwakhona kwabonisa ukugatywa okugqithisileyo kukarhulumente waseSpain ukuzilawula kweCatalan phantsi kwenqaku le-155 lomgaqo-siseko. Ngoko kutheni izinto ziye zafikelela kweli nqanaba?
Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba yonke isiseko saseSpain - ekhokelwa ngurhulumente we-People's Party (PP) umphathiswa uMariano Rajoy kunye namanqanaba aphezulu enkqubo yokugweba eyenza ukuthanda kwayo - yenqaba ukwamkela isiphumo sonyulo. Ngoko nangoko baqalisa ukuyibhukuqa ngolwaphulo-mthetho olukhokelwa sisigqibo โsexeshanaโ seNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko kaJanuwari 28 esagweba ukuba umongameli ophumayo waseCatalan uCarles Puigdemont akanakutyalwa. engekho ukusuka elubhacweni lwakhe eBrussels, walurhoxisa ukuvota kwamaLungu ePalamente amane elubhacweni kunye naye kwaye woyikisa iphaneli yepalamente yaseCatalan ngezohlwayo eziqatha xa ingasithobeli isigwebo.
Okwesibini, ngenxa yokuba olu hlaselo lwenkundla lwakhawuleza lwavusa iyantlukwano phakathi kweblok yenkululeko malunga nendlela yokuphendula.
Ukuhlanganisa okanye gcina ukhubekiso?
Indlela abanye abasabela ngayo, ngakumbi kodwa hayi kuphela kumbindi osekhohlo weRiphabhlikhi yaseCatalonia (ERC), yayisisilumko. Eyona nto iphambili kubo kukubuyisela amaziko aseCatalan alahlekileyo phantsi kwenqaku le-155. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, bakulungele ukuncama ithuba likaPuigdemont ekuqaliseni ubongameli kwaye bamkele ukuba ulawulo olungenayo lwaseCatalan luya kuba ngurhulumente wengingqi ngaphakathi kwelizwe laseSpain, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kungenakuphepheka. irhetoric yeriphabliki enxibe ngayo ifestile.
Embindini wesi sikhundla kukho uvavanyo lokuba umbutho wokuzimela kufuneka udibanise iinzuzo ezenziwe ukususela ngo-2012 kwaye uqokelele inkxaso eninzi yentlalontle. Oku kunjalo ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba uloyiso lwayo lwe-21 kaDisemba lwenzeka kwimeko yokwahlulahlula kwesazisi sesizwe ngaphakathi kweCatalonia ngokwayo.
Olu lwaphulo-mthetho lwalu - kwaye luyaqhubeka - lunyanzeliswa ngokunyanzeliswa yi-Spanish ukusekwa kunye namaqela e-unionist ngaphandle kokujonga iindleko zentlalo, ekulandeleni injongo yokulondoloza ubunye baseSpain ngokwahlula amaCatalans kwaye emva koko kutyhola nayiphi na isiphumo sokungavisisani kwezentlalo kwi. intshukumo yokuzimela.
UJoan Tardร , iLungu lePalamente eliphezulu le-ERC kwipalamente yaseSpain, uvakalise ingxabano yokulumkisa kunye nokudibanisa kwinqaku le-4 kaMatshi. Iphephandaba:
Ukwandisa ubuninzi bezentlalo iingcamango ezimbini zibalulekile ngaphandle kokuba akukho nto inengqondo: ukuba iCatalonia kwaye kufuneka ibe ngumntu omnye kwisakhelo senkululeko, inkqubela yezoqoqosho kunye nobulungisa bentlalo ... kwaye kufuneka sifunde eyona ndlela yokufikelela kwingqungquthela [ yeRiphabhliki yaseCatalan ezimeleyo] kunye nokuba uza kuhamba nabani uhambo.
Ngolu hlobo, i-republicanism kufuneka idibane kunye neminye imikhosi yezopolitiko ekwakhusela i-referendum ebophelelayo, ekhokelwa yinkokeli ye-Catalonia Together-Podemos (CatECP) uXavier Domรจnech, kwaye kufuneka ivule indlela eya kwingxoxo-mpikiswano engafihlisiyo (umsebenzi webhunga lengingqi unokuba yingxoxo enyanisekileyo. ibhubhoratri elungileyo) kunye ne-Catalan socialism ye-Party of Socialists yaseCatalonia (PSC) yaseMiquel Iceta, omele enze isigqibo sokuba achase okanye akhuthaze ukuhla kwamalungelo kunye nenkululeko.
Isiteyitimenti esidibeneyo se-9 kaMatshi ngumongameli we-ERC ovalelweyo u-Oriol Junqueras kunye nonobhala jikelele uMarta Rovira basibeka ngokucace ngakumbi esi sikhundla:
Eyona ndlela imfutshane ibuyela kurhulumente wengingqi kukuba umbutho wenkululeko ubuyela ekubeni liqaqobana elingxolayo eliya lithe qelele kumbindi wezopolitiko. Inyathelo ngalinye, zonke izijekulo ezenza ukuba ulwakhiwo olubanzi oluquka konke lube nzima ukusithatha kude nekamva esilifunayo.
Kwi-ERC, ukuphindaphinda unyulo kububudenge obufanele ukuphetshwa kuzo zonke iindleko. Ibiya kunika inkampu exhasa umanyano lwabemi kunye ne-Peopleโs Party (PP) ithuba lokuchitha oko kujongwa yimanyano yabasebenzi njengezona zixhaso ziphambili zeemvakalelo zokuzimela-geqe - inkqubo yemfundo yesiCatalan, umkhosi wamapolisa kunye nomsasazi woluntu. Oko kungagqibezela umsebenzi ekufuneka ungenelelo lwenqaku le-155 luwuqale ngokwenene.
Impembelelo ebalulekileyo ye-ERC isilumkiso yayiyi-30 kaJanuwari isigqibo sesithethi sepalamente, i-ERC's Roger Torrent, ukumisa utyalo-mali olucwangcisiweyo lukaPuigdemont ukuphepha isigwebo seNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko. Okwesibini kwakuyisigqibo sikaPuigdemont sika-Matshi 1 sokuyeka umgqatswa - okwethutyana - kwaye avumele owayesakuba ngumongameli waseCatalan National Assembly (ANC) uJordi Sanchez ukuba athathe indawo yakhe.
JxCat-ERC isivumelwano
Ukuxhatshazwa komngcipheko we-ERC kwabelwana ngeenkokeli ze-right-nationalist Catalan European Democratic Party (PDECat), inxalenye yePuigdemont's Together for Catalonia (JxCat). Kodwa yaxhokonxa inkcaso evela kwamanye amagunya axhasa ulongamo.
Kwiingxoxo malunga nokusekwa kukarhulumente, iinkokeli ze-JxCat ezikufutshane nePuigdemont, njengezithethi u-Eduard Pujol kunye no-Elsa Artadi, babambe ixesha elingaphezu kwenyanga bexhasa i-"Puigdemont okanye unyulo". Baye baxoxa ngelithi umhla wamashumi amabini ananye kuDisemba ubumalunga nokuba semthethweni kokugxothwa kukamongameli. Ke ngoko, ukungabi noPuigdemont njengomgqatswa kuya kuba kukwamkela ilungelo labasemagunyeni baseSpain lokubhukuqa intando yabavoti baseCatalan.
Kuphela xa i-ERC yacacisa ukuba ayiyi kunika inkxaso engafanelekanga kwesi sikhundla ukuba isongela iphaneli yesithethi ngesohlwayo esisemthethweni (mhlawumbi intolongo, inikwe uhlobo lweNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseSpain) ukuba i-JxCat ibuyele phantsi. Oku kubuyiselwa kwavula umnyango wesivumelwano se-27 kaFebruwari esaphawula ukuchasana kwe-JxCat-ERC phakathi kwesidingo sokuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente wasePuigdemont usemthethweni kunye nesidingo sokwenza ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba iMadrid imise ulawulo olutsha lwaseCatalan.
Yayicinga ukuba:
โข Ipalamente yaseCatalan iya kuvota ukuvunywa kukaPuigdemont njengomongameli osemthethweni waseCatalonia, iphinde iqinisekise isibhengezo se-27 ka-Oktobha yokuzimela kwaye ifune ukuphakanyiswa kwenqaku le-155;
โข INdibano yeRiphabhliki, eyenziwe ngabameli borhulumente wasekhaya waseCatalan kunye noluntu, iya kusekwa "kwiNdawo ekhululekile eBrussels", kunye neBhunga eliLawulayo leRiphabhliki, elikhokelwa nguPuigdemont. Imisebenzi yayo ephambili iya kuba kukutyhila inkqubo yokuphuhlisa umgaqo-siseko waseCatalan kunye nokwakha inkxaso kwimeko yokuzimela kweCatalan kumazwe ngamazwe;
โข Urhulumente uya kusekwa eCatalonia, kunye namasebe ali-14 ahlulwe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwe-JxCat kunye ne-ERC. Umgqatswa womongameli uya kuba nguJordi Sร nchez. Ukuba ijaji yeNkundla Ephakamileyo uPablo Llarena, ojongene nokuvalelwa kukaSร nchez, akazange amvumele ukuba aphume entolongweni kwiseshoni yophando, esi sigwebo sasiya kubhena ukuya kutsho kwiNkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu. Inkokeli ye-JxCat uJordi Turull uza kuba ngumgqatswa njengomongameli okwangoku.
Ukutyhila iRiphabhliki?
Ngesiseko solu thethwano kunye neengxoxo ezongezelelweyo kunye noLuhlu loBumbano lwaBantu oluchasene nongxowankulu (CUP), i-pro-independence bloc yakwazi ukubonisa isisombululo esihlangeneyo malunga nokubuyiselwa kwamaziko aseCatalan kwiseshoni ye-1 kaMatshi yepalamente yaseCatalan. Le ngxelo, amazwi asekuqaleni apho iofisi yomtshutshisi waseSpain yathi iza kuba zizizathu zokutyholwa kwephaneli yesithethi, yaphepha oku kunokwenzeka ngokuthi "ngokuqaphela" intsingiselo yevoti ye-21 kaDisemba njengobungqina benkxaso yeRiphabhliki yaseCatalan ezimeleyo.
Iphinde yagxeka "indaleko yolawulo kunye nengenademokhrasi" yaseSpain, yafuna ukuphakanyiswa kwenqaku le-155 ungenelelo kwaye yaqinisekisa ukuba uninzi lwepalamente kunye norhulumente osekelwe kuyo "uyakuxhasa amalungelo ezentlalo, ezentlalo kunye nezopolitiko zawo onke amaCatalans ngaphandle kokukhetha, ukwakha. ilizwe elitsha, elinobulungisa, elibandakanyayo nelisekelwe kumanyanoโ.
Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa isivumelwano sinokufikelelwa kwesi sigqibo, i-CUP yasikhaba isivumelwano sotyalo-mali se-JxCat-ERC, esiphawulwa โnjengendlela yokuphatha urhulumente wengingqiโ hayi โukutyhilwa kweRiphabhlikiโ. Ngomhla we-3 ka-Matshi, iBhunga lezoPolitiko le-CUP livotele ukuyeka utyalo-mali lukaSร nchez. Oku kuqinisekisile ukutshatyalaliswa kwayo kwe-65-64 ngenxa yokuba i-CatECP, exhasa ilungelo lesiCatalan lokuzikhethela kodwa kungekhona kwikhosi ehlangeneyo elandelwa ngurhulumente we-Puigdemont, yayisele yathi iya kuvota ngokuchasene nasiphi na isindululo esibandakanya i-JxCat, ehlala iboniswa yiCatECP ukuqhubeka kwe-right-nationalist Democratic Convergence yaseCatalonia (CDC).
Indlela yodwa yokuphumeza isininzi sotyalo-mali lukaSร nchez emva koko iya kuba yiphaneli yesithethi ukuchasa isigwebo sethutyana seNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko ngokuqaphela ivoti yamalungu ePalamente elubhacweni (uPuigdemont kunye nomphathiswa wezempilo ophumayo uToni Comin) okanye ngaba barhoxayo kwaye bathatyathelwโ indawo ngu. abaviwa abalandelayo kwi-JxCat kunye ne-ERC amatikiti, ikhosi zombini zalile.
Phakathi kwezizathu ezinikwe yi-CUP isithethi uVidal Aragonรฉs yayiyisivumelwano "sokungeniswa ngokupheleleyo kumthetho waseSpain" kunye "nokungaphumeleli ukujongana neqondo lokubandezeleka kweeklasi ezidumileyo". Ingakumbi ukukhathazeka nge-CUP yayiyisiphakamiso sokushiya inkqubo ye-constituent ukuya "kwi-Free Space e-Brussels" kwaye ungenzi inxalenye yenkqubo karhulumente phantsi eCatalonia. Ngenxa yesi sikhundla, utshilo uAragonรฉs, "unyulo olutsha alunakuba yeyona ndlela imbi."
Nangona le ntsilelo, isithethi uRoger Torrent wamisa ngo-Matshi 13 njengomhla wotyalo-mali lwe-Sร nchez njengomongameli, ngelixa abaxoxisi be-JxCat kunye ne-ERC baqulunqa inguqu ehlonyelweyo yesivumelwano sabo ngenjongo yokuhlangabezana nezinye izichaso ze-CUP kwi-original.
Olu yilo lwesibini luzibophelele ekuphumezeni: isicwangciso sokunciphisa uluhlu lwabalindileyo kwinkqubo yezempilo; ukupheliswa kwenkxaso-mali yezikolo zabucala ezisekelwe kwisini; i-30% yengeniso yesilingi yerenti yabucala; iiprojekthi ezichasene nohlengahlengiso lweendawo zokuhlala ezixhaswa ngemali yingeniso evela kwirhafu yezokhenketho yaseCatalonia; uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo yesiCatalan yenkxaso-mali yokufunda eyunivesithi ukulungiselela iintsapho ezihlwempuzekileyo; ukudalwa kwekhomishini yokufunda isindululo sebhanki yoluntu; amanyathelo okomeleza umlo ochasene norhwaphilizo; ukomeleza iinkonzo ezichasene neSexual Harassment; izicwangciso ezinyanzelekileyo zokulingana ngokwesini kurhulumente waseCatalan oqeshayo kunye nesibophelelo sokuba ishishini labucala lenze okufanayo; ukulingana kwengeniso okuqinisekisiweyo kunye nabahloli bendawo yokusebenzela baseCatalan baxhotyisiwe ukuba babeke iliso kulo; amanyathelo ahlukeneyo okuphelisa umkhosi waseCatalonia; kunye nobunini boluntu kunye nolawulo kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezicwangcisiweyo, kubandakanywa ukufunyanwa kwakhona kobunini boluntu kunye nokulawulwa koku apho ibithe yabelwa bucala.
I-CUP iza kuthumela uxwebhu olulungisiweyo kwiindibano zalo zomhlaba kunye neBhunga layo lezoPolitiko liya kuthatha isigqibo malunga nokuqhelaniswa kwayo ngoMatshi 17. Udliwano-ndlebe neCatalonia Radio ngo-Matshi 11, isithethi sepalamente yeCUP uCarles Riera uthe idrafti entsha iqulethe "inkqubela phambili elungileyo" kodwa ukuba inkqubo eza kwenziwa kwafuneka ukuba ibophelele ipalamente yaseCatalan hayi nje ukubonisana. Kwangaxeshanye, urhulumente waseSpeyin wathi uza kusihlolisisa ngokusondeleyo esi sibhalo sitsha ngenjongo yokusibhenela ngenxa yokungavisisani nomgaqo-siseko.
NgoMatshi 9, njengoko kwakulindelekile, ijaji uPablo Llarena weNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseSpain yagweba nxamnye noJordi Sร nchez ukuba akhululwe ukuba abekho kwiseshoni yophando ngoMatshi 12. Ngoko nangoko esi senzo sabangela ukuba kubhenelwe kwiNkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu (ECHR) ngusomlomo wepalamente yaseCatalan uTorrent kunye nesibhengezo sikaNozikhalazo waseCatalan uRafael Ribรณ sokuba lo mbandela uza kuwusa kwimibutho yamalungelo oluntu yeKomishoni yaseYurophu, iBhunga laseYurophu kunye nelo mbandela. Amazwe adbeneyo. Kwangelo xesha, uTorrent wayimisa iseshoni yotyalo-mali. (Amagqwetha kaTorrent noSร nchez kamva agqiba kwelokuba ayeke ukubhena kwiinkundla zaseSpeyin ngaphambi kokuba, ukuba kuyimfuneko, aye kwi-ECHR.)
Ngexesha lokubhala (ngoMatshi 13), ipalamente yaseCatalan iphinde ibe yi-limbo, kungekho mhla ubekiweyo weenyanga ezimbini zokubala ixesha eliqala ngokusilela kweseshoni yokuqala yotyalo-mali ukuseka uninzi kurhulumente. I-PSC ithe izakuya kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko ukuba ithathe isigqibo sokuba eli xesha liqale ngokukhawuleza, ngale ndlela inyusa uxinzelelo kwinkampu exhasa inkululeko yokukhangela umgqatswa ongekho elubhacweni, okanye osentolongweni, okanye ophantsi kwenkundla. uphando - ngokufutshane umviwa ukuba ilizwe laseSpain linokuhlala nalo.
Inyaniso entsha
Ukubuyela umva okungapheliyo phakathi kwamaqela azimeleyo kuye kwanda unxunguphalo kunye noloyiko ngaphakathi kwintshukumo yokuzimela. Iinkokeli zeANC kunye neCatalan Language and Culture Organisation รmnium Cultural ziye zahlasela โabezopolitikoโ ngokuyiyeka.
Nge-6 kaMatshi, usekela-mongameli we-รmnium Cultural, uMarcel Mauri, ubhale kuTwitter esithi: โAbemi abakhusele ivoti ye-1 ka-Okthobha, abaququzelela inkululeko yokuthetha kunye namabanjwa kunye nabaselubhacweni nabavotela inkululeko nge-21 kaDisemba bafanelwe yimbeko engakumbi, ngakumbi. utshintshiselwano ngezimvo kunye neengxabano zamaqhinga ezilihlazo ezimbalwa phakathi kwamaqela. "
Ukugxekwa โkwamaqelaโ kwakuluphawu lwendibano kawonke-wonke yonyaka ka-2000 ye-ANC yomhla wama-25 kweyoMdumba. Kanye nokubiza i-11 ka-Matshi ukuhlanganiswa ukuxhasa ukubuyiselwa kolawulo lweCatalan, indibano yamkele imephu yendlela "yemiqathango yokudibanisa iRiphabhlikhi yaseCatalan, inkqubo ekhoyo, ukubizwa konyulo, ukucaciswa kwenxaxheba yesiCatalan. umgaqo-siseko kunye novoto lokuwuqinisekisaโ.
Le ndlela yokujongana nongquzulwano olukhulu norhulumente waseSpain yabangela ilungu eliphumayo likanobhala uJordi Peirรณ ukuba axelele indibano: โUkuba abo bethu balapha abathatheli ngqalelo emngciphekweni, asiyi kubenzela nceba konke konke amabanjwa nabagxothiweyo ... abazakuba yintloko ye-ANC kufuneka bacace gca ukuba indlela yabo inokungena entolongweni.โ
Ngokwenxalenye yabo, iiKomiti zoKhuseleko lweRiphabhliki (CDRs) ziqhubela phambili ekuphumezeni isimboli seriphabliki (njengokuqamba izitrato kunye nezikwere emva kwe-Oktobha 1) kunye nokulungiselela inkqubo "yokutyhila i-republic" ngeendlela eziphathekayo. Inkomfa kamasipala kazwelonke ye-CUP ngo-Matshi nayo iya kuzinikela kumngeni "wokukhulisa iRiphabhlikhi ukusuka kwiingcambu".
Lo mahluko luphawu lwenyani entsha yentshukumo yeCatalan yolongamo kunye nokuzimela: iintsuku zokuqhubela phambili ngokulula ngokusekwe kumanyano phakathi kwentshukumo, amaqela kunye norhulumente yaphela ngenqaku le-155 yelizwe laseSpain. Uhlanganiso olukhulu lokuphumelela nge-21 kaDisemba lweza ngexabiso lokungabikho kwengxoxo ebanzi malunga nesicwangciso kwesi sigaba esitsha.
Ukucebisa ukuba unyulo olutsha aluyi kuba sisiphelo sehlabathi, IVilaweb umhleli uVicenรง Partal wabhala nge-4 kaMatshi:
Ukuba ngokucwangciswa kwangoku kwe-bloc ye-independence indlela yokwenza urhulumente ayinakufunyanwa, vumela abantu benze isigqibo ngolunye ulungelelwaniso. Okanye mabaphinde le yangoku, nto leyo enokuthumela umyalezo oqatha kumaqela ukuba kufuneka athethathethane nzulu.
Kwaye kuyo nayiphi na imeko, vumela abantu baphendule kwingxoxo-mpikiswano enkulu yemvelaphi egqunywe luthethwano: ngaba kufuneka sihambe ngokuthe ngqo ekwakheni iRiphabhliki okanye ngaba kuyimfuneko ukuba siqale sijonge ukwakha nantoni na enokulawulwa kwisakhelo sorhulumente wengingqi. , ukwamkela, ke ngoko, imigaqo ebekwe yi icoup d'etat? "
Ngomhla we-9 kaMatshi, uCarles Puigdemont wasixhasa ngokufanelekileyo esi sikhundla, esithi: โUnyulo olutsha alunakuba ngumdlalo weqonga nangona ingeyonto iphambili efunwa ngumntu.โ
isiphelo
Isizathu esisisiseko sokuba ubudlelwane phakathi kwebloc yenkululeko bufikelele kwimeko yabo yangoku ayikuba "amaqela" anomdla kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni iimfuno zawo, nangona iingxabano phakathi kwe-JxCat kunye ne-ERC malunga neepotfoliyo - kunye nomlo odlulayo wokuba i-Oriol UJunqueras kwaye kungekhona uJordi Sร nchez kufuneka abe ngumgqatswa wongameli ukuba athathe indawo kaPuigdemont - ngokuqinisekileyo babonisa ukuba banomdla wokufumana isabelo sabo esifanelekileyo sezithuba.
Ingxabano ibonakalisa ngokusisiseko iyantlukwano ebanzi kwisimo sengqondo sezopolitiko ngaphakathi kwinkampu yenkululeko iyonke. Kubantu abaninzi, ngakumbi abasebenzi becandelo likarhulumente baye bachanabeka ngakumbi kwimpembelelo yenqaku le-155 longenelelo, umnqweno wokufumana kwakhona ukuzilawula uya usiba ngakumbi nangakumbi. Oku kuphelelwa ngumonde kuqiniswa kuphela yizityhilelo kwiincwadi ezikhula ngokukhawuleza ngokuzimela "inkqubo" malunga nokungabikho kokwenene korhulumente wePuigdemont ekulungiseleleni ukuzimela ngaphambi ko-Oktobha 1.
Ngeyona ndlela inzima kakhulu, isimo "sokubuyisela ukuzilawula nangaliphi na ixabiso" sichaza ukusilela ukwenza urhulumente kwi-megalomania yasePuigdemont ngokwakhe. Umzekelo, ukubhala kwi-11 kaMatshi ngoku, isithandi sobulumko uJosep Ramoneda wathi:
UPuigdemont uyazi ukuba mhla wonyulwa umongameli omtsha waseCatalan kuqala ilanga lakhe. Ukugxekwa kwezizwe ngezizwe kokuziphatha okugunyazisiweyo kurhulumente waseSpain kunexesha elilinganiselweyo kwaye kule mihla okugxilwe kwingqwalasela yemithombo yeendaba kutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Kwaye imbono yorhulumente ohambelanayo yintelekelelo emsulwa. Nangona kunjalo, uloyiko lokuphulukana nespotlight aluthetheleli iqhinga lokutsala umdlalo, kuqala ukuchasa ukuma ecaleni kwaye ucebise abagqatswa abangenakwenzeka. Ekuqaleni imfuneko yesithethe sokulila yayinokuqondwa. Kodwa ngoku kuye kwaba lihlazo.
Esi sigqibo singqinelana neso sikarhulumente waseSpain. I-PP inexhala lokuphinda iqalise urhulumente oqhelekileyo eCatalonia ukwenzela ukuba i-Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) kwipalamente yaseSpain iya kuphakamisa i-veto yayo ekuvumeni uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwaye ikhulule uRajoy ukuba achithe imali yokuncedisa ukunyuka kwabemi, ngoku ekhokela iPP. kuvoto lweSpanish.
Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente waseRajoy ngokuqinisekileyo akaxhalabi kakhulu ukuba urhulumente enze iCatalonia ukuba ulungele ukwamkela uPuigdemont okanye uSร nchez njengomgqatswa womongameli. Ngelixa i-bloc yokuzimela yaseCatalan iqhubeka nokubeka abaviwa "abangenakwenzeka" uRajoy uya kuqhubeka nokuvumela inkqubo yezomthetho yaseSpain ukuba ibathintele. Kuya kukhuthazwa kulo mgangatho ngokunyuka kokwamkelwa okusebenzayo kwinkampu yokuzimela ye-Madrid ilungelo lokumisela ukuba ngubani onokuba ngumongameli waseCatalonia.
UClara Ponsatรญ, umphathiswa ophumayo wezemfundo waseCatalan owathi ngoMatshi 10 wabuyela kwisikhundla sakhe sangaphambili sokufundisa kwiYunivesithi yaseSkotlani yaseSt Andrews, wagxininisa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukucinga nayiphi na into ebuyela "kwisiqhelo" eCatalonia. Uye waqaphela ngoMatshi 12 IVilaweb Udliwano-ndlebe ukuba, ngokujonga uthethathethwano malunga nokwenziwa korhulumente, "akucaci ukuba bagxile kweyona nto ibalulekileyo: indlela yokugcina uxinzelelo kunye nelizwe laseSpain ukuze kunqandwe ingcinezelo kwaye kubuyiselwe idemokhrasi".
UPonsatรญ naye wazisola ngokuba โkurhulumente [โphantsi korhulumenteโ, ngesiTaliyane ekuqaleni] esisishiyileyo asichasanga njengoko kufaneleโ, siphawula nokuba โubugqwetha obuvela kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo kunye norhulumente waseSpain busebenza kakhulu e-Barcelona, โโkwipalamente, kwaye indlela aziphatha ngayo amanye amagosa aphezulu kurhulumente waseCatalan.โ
Owayesakuba ngumphathiswa wezemfundo wongeze ukuba "olu gqatso lomgama omde, lolunye lokuchasana" ngokuchasene nelizwe laseSpain eliprojekthi yalo yokutshabalalisa iCatalonia. Kule meko, "Andinakuba novalo malunga nemeko sikangqingetye singaphakathi kuba yindlela esiqhubeka ngayo nezopolitiko kwaye sijongane nelizwe laseSpain nezilo zalo."
Kudliwanondlebe nge-12 kaMatshi kunomathotholo u-RAC1 Ponsatรญ ukwacebise ngokuchasene noloyiko lonyulo olutsha:
Xa kukho unyulo akubangelwa kukuba kubekho impazamo, kodwa kungenxa yokuba izinto zifike kwindawo apho kungekho ndlela yimbi. Umbuso waseSpain ubeke ipalamente yaseCatalan kwimeko engalawulekiyo. Ukuba kukho unyulo kuya kufuneka sijongane naloo nto kwaye ndiqinisekile ukuba uninzi luya kugcinwa. Ukuba uninzi belungagcinwa, ibiya kuba sisifundo ebekuya kufuneka sifunde kuso.
Emazantsi, ngaphandle kokuchasa kwaye ngaphandle kokuvukela kwisigqibo esithile seenkundla zaseSpain kunye / okanye urhulumente ngokuchasene nobukhosi baseCatalan akunakubakho urhulumente waseCatalan ongeyena nje ulawulo lwengingqi yaseSpain. Oku kwenzeka ngakumbi kuba ulawulo olunjalo luya kuba mbi ngakumbi kunolunye ulawulo lwemimandla; iimali zayo ziya kuqhubeka zilawulwa ukusuka eMadrid de urhulumente waseRajoy afumane iziqinisekiso zokuthobela amanzi.
Ingxoxo, ke, imalunga nokuba yeyiphi eyona nto ingcono - kunye nendibaniselwano karhulumente kunye nentshukumo yentshukumo - ukulungiselela nokwenza ukungathobeli. Le iya kuba yinkqubo ekhohlisayo kakhulu kuba urhulumente waseSpain uya kuqinisekisa ukuba nakuphi na ukuncitshiswa kweenkonzo kunyanzeliswa kurhulumente waseCatalan ongenayo ngelixa naziphi na "izinto ezilungileyo" zihanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka eMadrid. Ulawulo lwaseSpain luya kuqhubeka ukonwabela ngokupheleleyo, ukuba luyanda uloyiko, inkxaso yeKhomishini yaseYurophu kunye namazwe angamalungu e-European Union.
Akunakuphikiswa ukuba intshukumo yolawulo lwesiCatalan kufuneka yandise isiseko sayo kwaye inciphise iphulo lokwahlula amaCatalan ngolwimi kunye nendawo yemvelaphi ukuze kugcinwe ubunye obungcwele baseSpain. Oku, nangona kunjalo, akunakuza kwiindleko zokunciphisa ukuziphatha kunye nokuzibophelela kwentshukumo yokuzimela ngokwayo - isiqinisekiso esiphambili sokuba umzabalazo uya kuqhubeka kwaye ilungelo lesiCatalan lokuzikhethela liya kuhlala liyinto evuthayo nengenakuphepheka kwezopolitiko. ilizwe laseSpain.
UDick Nichols ngumbhali waseYurophu Luhlaza sasekhohlo veki nganye, esekelwe e-Barcelona. Inguqulelo yangaphambili yeli nqaku ivele kwiwebhusayithi yayo. Iblogi yakhe ephilayo kumzabalazo weCatalan inokufumaneka Apha.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela