Umbono omtsha ukhathaza ihlabathi. Ayingomtsalane wobukomanisi, njengoko iMarxโs Manifesto yabhengeza ngokudumileyo. Luloyiko loloyiko, oluye lwaya lusiba sisiseko sezopolitiko. Kwaye, njengoko isaci sakudala sisitsho, uloyiko alungomcebisi olungileyo.
Makhe sithathe, umzekelo, unyulo lokugqibela kwiiPhilippines. Kwilizwe apho inkumbulo yolawulo lobuzwilakhe lukaMarcos isemtsha ngokwentelekiso (uMarcos wanyanzelwa yimvukelo edumileyo ukuba arhoxe ngowe-1986), abantu baye banyula ngomda omkhulu njengomongameli wabo uRodrigo Duterte, owenza isaci sakhe sephulo: โMasiyeke. sibabulale bonkeโ. Wayethetha ngezaphuli-mthetho, amasela, abathengisi beziyobisi nabanye awayebatshutshisa esebenzisa amaqela emigulukudu, xa wayengusodolophu weSixeko saseDavao. Kwiphulo lakhe, wathi xa sele engumongameli uya kubabulala ngokwakhe abanye babo. UMongameli ophumayo, uBenigno S. Aquino III, wazama ukumnqanda, esithi oko kufana nokubuyela kubuzwilakhe bukaFerdinando Marcos. Ucele abanye abaviwa ukuba bamanyane ukuze boyise uDuterte, kodwa akukho mntu wavumayo.
Phezu kwako nje ukukhula olomeleleyo kwezoqoqosho, iiPhilippines zisenenqanaba eliphezulu lobuhlwempu nentswela-ngqesho, imfazwe egqubayo kummandla osemazantsi welizwe nxamnye nabavukeli nabaqweqwedisi abaqweqwedisayo. Ukuvota kwafumanisa ukuba kukho uloyiko oluqhelekileyo: ukusuka kwabo bangaphangeliyo nabafuna umsebenzi, ukuya kwabo sele besebenza kodwa bexhalabele ukukwazi ukugcina imisebenzi yabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwakukholelwa ukuba le mvakalelo yokungaqiniseki kubemi yayiyeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwivoti yokugqibela.
Kwelinye icala lehlabathi, eBrazil, uMongameli Dilma Roussef, onyulwe ngaphantsi kweminyaka emibini edlulileyo ngabavoti abazizigidi ezingama-50, uye wagxothwa yiNkongolo. Akazange atyholwe ngobusela, (kwihlazo elikhulu lorhwaphilizo), kodwa ngokugqwetha uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, umkhwa osetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo. Uhlolisiso olwenziwa ngumzi-mveliso okhethekileyo waseBrazil, lwafumanisa ukuba amakhulu amawaka abantu ababesiya ezitratweni befuna ukuba agwetywe, babephuma kudidi oluphakathi, yaye babesazi ukuba ngaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini amaSekela epalamente kunye nooSelenda abavotela ukutyholwa kwakhe babephantsi kolwaphulo-mthetho. uphando, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olubi kakhulu kunokukhohlisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ngelixa iglu edibanisa abaqhankqalazi yayikukuphelisa urhwaphilizo (nangona uRousseff engazange atyholwe ngale nto), abemi bacatshukiswa yingxaki yezoqoqosho eyandayo, ebeke iBrazil kwimeko embi kakhulu, apho urhulumente akakwazi ukujongana nale ngxaki.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-Workers Party (PT) phantsi koMongameli weLula da Silva kunye noDilma Rousseff, uye waphakamisa izigidi ze-30 kwintlupheko ukuya kwinqanaba eliphakathi. Ezo zigidi zoyika ukuba ziya kubuyela apho zivela khona, kwaye uninzi lwabo baye bahamba ezitalatweni. Okuchukumisayo kukuba olunye uhlolisiso lwafumanisa ukuba kufutshane nama-32 ekhulwini abaqhankqalazi babephupha ngexesha lolawulo lomkhosi, (1964-1985) xa umyalelo wawuqinisekisiweyo.
Xa sijonga ngoku imeko yangoku eUnited States, ilizwe abathi abaninzi baligqala njengomzekelo โwedemokhrasi, incwadi yokugqibela evela kwizazinzulu ezimbini ezaziwayo kwezentlalo, uJohn Hibbing noElizabeth Theiss-Morse, โiDemokhrasi yeStealthโ, isebenzisa iziphumo zophando oluphuma kwimbali yoluntu. Uvoto lweGallup olwenziwa ngo-1998, kwaye luyayihlaziya namhlanje. Ngokungakholelekiyo, inani elothusayo labantu baseMelika ababuthandi ubumdaka bedemokhrasi. Amashumi amathandathu eepesenti abantu abathe baphendula bakholelwa ukuba urhulumente โangaqhuba ngcono ukuba izigqibo ziqhutywa njengeshishiniโ. Amashumi amathathu anesibini eepesenti ayeqinisekile ukuba urhulumente wase-US "uya kuqhuba ngcono ukuba izigqibo zishiywe kubantu abaphumeleleyo bezoshishino", i-31 yepesenti yayikholelwa ukuba iya kuhamba ngcono ukuba izigqibo zishiywe "kwiingcali ezinganyulwanga".
Ngexesha elidlulileyo, i-NY Times yapapasha iziphumo ze-poll ebethayo, apho isinye kwisithathu sabaphenduli besiya kwamkela urhulumente wasemkhosini, ukuba oku kusebenza ngakumbi. Ababhali babini bacinga ukuba ezo datha ziyinkcazo efanelekileyo yempumelelo kaTrump. Kodwa bakwavuma ukuba esona siseko senkxaso sikaDonald Trump sivela kubantu abaziva ngathi bashiywe yinkqubo kwaye banoloyiko lwekamva.
Akumangalisi ke ngoko: abantu abakumgangatho ophakathi eMerika baye bancipha ngaphantsi kwama-50 ekhulwini abantu abadala, xa kuthelekiswa nama-61 ekhulwini ekupheleni kowe-1960. IPew Research Centre, kunye neFinancial Times, iye yafikelela kwisigqibo esothusayo. Izahlulo zoluntu, njengoko isiseko soqoqosho lwasemva kwemfazwe "siyekile" - inqanaba eliphakathi laseMelika liye lancipha ngesiqingatha. Okokuqala, abo banemivuzo ephantsi nabaphezulu babebaninzi kunabo bakwinqanaba eliphakathi. Ukwenza nje umzekelo, inani labantu abadala abakumanqanaba amabini aphezulu likhule nge-7.8 yezigidi, ngoxa abo bakudidi oluphakathi baye bafikelela kwizigidi ezi-3. Abo bakwimigangatho emibini engezantsi, banyuke nge-6.8 yezigidi. Kule meko, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ibe yimfundo. Abo banemfundo yaseyunivesithi babelindeleke ngokuphindwe kasibhozo ukuba bahlale kumanqanaba aphezulu omvuzo, kunabantu abadala abangasigqibanga isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, yaye kusenokwenzeka ngokuphindwe kabini kunomntu omdala onediploma yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kuphela. Ke ngoko, abo bangenako ukufikelela kwimfundo ephakamileyo ngoku bakhutshelwa ngaphandle kwimakethi enempumelelo yezemisebenzi. Abaninzi abasebenza kwimisebenzi ehlawula imali encinane, abafumani mvuzo waneleyo ukuze baziphilise.
Ngoku masiye eYurophu. Ilizwe kuphela elenze uphando malunga nokwenzekayo kudidi oluphakathi yiSpain: kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo imele amazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Phakathi kowama-2007 nowama-2013, (iminyaka yokudodobala koqoqosho olukhulu, apho iYurophu ingekaphumi), abakumgangatho ophantsi bakhula besuka kuma-26,6 ekhulwini labemi, baye kuma-38.5 ekhulwini. Uphononongo oluvela kwi-Foundation BBVA lufumene iindlela ezintathu ezibalulekileyo: 1) ingeniso yomntu ngamnye kunye neentsapho ngoku zibuyele kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ukususela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka edlulileyo; 2) ulwabiwo lwengeniso luye lwaba lubi kakhulu, ukwandisa ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho; kunye 3) nokunyuka okungenakunqandeka koku kungalingani okudityaniswa nokuhla komvuzoโ kudale iimeko zentlupheko nokungakhathalelwa kwezentlalo, ezithi, kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, zibonakale ngathi ziphelile kuluntu lwethuโ.
E-China, abakumgangatho ophakathi bazama ngamandla ukubeka imali phesheya; I-China iphakamise abantu abazizigidi ezingama-600 kwintlupheko kodwa aba bantu bafana ngokucacileyo banexhala lokubuyela umva kwakhona. Uqoqosho lwaseTshayina luphakathi kwenguqu yemodeli yezoqoqosho, ukusuka ekuthumeleni kumazwe angaphandle ukuya kwimarike yangaphakathi. Oku kukhatshwa kukuvalwa kweefektri neenkampani ezininzi ezingasebenzi kakuhle, sisiqalo nje senkqubo emandla. Abantu kunye neenkampani ziye zahamba malunga ne-1 yetriliyoni yeedola ngaphandle kwelizwe kulo nyaka uphelileyo unesiqingatha. Ukungakhuseleki kwezoqoqosho kongeza kuluhlu lweenkxalabo zemihla ngemihla ezibandakanya ungcoliseko, ukutya okungcolileyo kunye namanzi, izigidi zezitofu ezingalunganga, ukungabikho kwenkqubo yokwenyani yomhlalaphantsi, kunye nokungabikho kwenkxaso yezonyango. Imidiya yoluntu ngoku iphethe amanqaku athi "ixhala lodidi oluphakathi", "ngaba abakumgangatho ophakathi baya kuba ngamahlwempu amatsha?". IFinancial Times yafumanisa ukuba ama-45.5 ekhulwini abantu abamkela umvuzo ophakathi bafuna ubuncinane i-10 ekhulwini lemali yabo yokulondoloza kwilizwe lasemzini, yaye abanye abangama-29 ekhulwini sele bekwenzile oko. Ngo-2014, amaTshayina angama-76.089 anikwe ilungelo lokuhlala ngokusisigxina kunye neemfuno eziqinileyo zemali, xa kuthelekiswa ne-4.291 kunyaka ophelileyo. Ngomnyaka wezifundo we-2014-15, i-304 040 yaseTshayina yayifunda e-US, xa kuthelekiswa ne-110 000 kwi-2011-12. Ngeli xesha, ngokwamanani asemthethweni, bekukho uqhanqalazo loluntu olungaphaya kwama-850 000 kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Zonke iingcali zezoqoqosho ziyavuma ukuba singena kwihlabathi lasemva kwamashishini, apho isabelo sabasebenzi kwixabiso elongezelelweyo kwiimveliso siya kuqhubeka sinciphisa. I-automation iya kunyuka ukusuka kwi-12 yepesenti yemveliso yemizi-mveliso, ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini kwiminyaka elishumi. Lilonke inani leembacu ngoku lisondele kwizigidi ezingama-20, ngokutsho kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo yaye liya kuqhubeka lisanda. Umlilo omkhulu eCanada, ophantse watshabalalisa idolophu yonke, ngomnye wemiqondiso emininzi yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Amaphephandaba kwilizwe ngalinye anikela indawo ekhulayo kubuqhophololo, amaPhepha ePanama, ukungaqeshwa kolutsha, nakwisoyikiso sobunqolobi, ukucaphula nje izinto ezimbalwa ezikhokelela abantu ukuba bazive besoyika. Ke ngoko, iTrump, iDutertes, iLe Pens, ii-Erdogans ziyindlela yokusabela ngoomatshini kuloyiko. Kodwa ngaba uloyiko ngumcebisi olungileyo?
URoberto Savio, umseki kunye nomongameli ophumayo we-Inter Press Service (IPS) arhente yeendaba kunye nomshicileli wezinye iindaba.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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