Ngokukhawuleza emva kwevoti kwi-Brexit, amawaka abantu abatsha bahamba ezitratweni zaseNgilani ukubonisa ukungavumelani kwabo malunga nokukhetha ukushiya iYurophu. Kodwa i-polls ibonise ukuba ukuba baye bavota ngobuninzi (kuphela i-37 yepesenti evotileyo), umphumo we-referendum wawuya kuba yinto echaseneyo.
Kwinkqubo yezopolitiko, ngoku kuthathwa njengento eqhelekileyo ukuba ulutsha luya kuzikhwebula kakhulu, kwaye i-ajenda ithande ukungabahoyi ngakumbi nangakumbi. Oku kudale isangqa esikhohlakeleyo, simisela izinto eziphambili ezingabameliyo. Nangona kunjalo, uhlalutyo lonyulo emva kokuphazamiseka kwezoqoqosho kunye nentlalontle ye-2008-9 icacile kwaye ibonakala ngokwezibalo.
IPalamente yaseYurophu yenza uphando malunga nonyulo lwaseYurophu lwe-2014 kumazwe angama-28 angamalungu. Ngelixa abona bantu bancinci baseYurophu (18-24) benethemba ngakumbi ngeManyano yaseYurophu kunabona badala (55+), bambalwa kakhulu kubo abathe bavotela. Abaphenduli bebephezulu phakathi kwabona bantu badala baphendulayo.
Abanye 51 ekhulwini 55+ ivoti, lo gama 28 ekhulwini kuphela benza kwiqela 18-24 ubudala. Oku ayikatshintshi ukusukela kunyulo luka-2009. Kwaye abantu abatsha bathambekele ngakumbi ekuthatheni isigqibo ngomhla wonyulo, okanye kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambili (iipesenti ezingama-28 xa kuthelekiswa neqela +55).
Kakade kwi-2014, i-31 yepesenti yeqela elincinci lathi alizange livote, ngokuchasene ne-19 ekhulwini leqela le-55 + yobudala. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abancinci beminyaka yobudala, abantu abaninzi babenemvakalelo yokuba ngabantu baseYurophu: i-70 yepesenti yabaneminyaka eyi-18-24 ubudala, kunye neepesenti ze-59 zeqela le-55+.
Kunokuthiwa, ngokuqinisekileyo, unyulo lwaseYurophu luyimeko ekhethekileyo. Kodwa ukujonga kunyulo lwesizwe oludlulileyo eYurophu luqinisekisa lo mkhwa. Kunyulo lukamongameli wase-Austrian lwe-2016, inxaxheba yolutsha yayikwipesenti ze-43. Ngo-2010, yayingama-48 ekhulwini.
Kunyulo lwepalamente yaseDatshi ye-2017, iqela leminyaka eyi-18-24 ivoti yayingama-66 ekhulwini: yayiyipesenti ze-70 kwi-2012. Kwi-referendum yase-Italiya kaDisemba 2016, ukuchaswa kolutsha kwakungama-38 ekhulwini, malunga neepesenti ze-32 zabemi ngokubanzi. Kwaye kunyulo lwamva nje lwaseFransi, idatha iyahambelana: i-78 yepesenti yokuyeka kwiqela le-25-34 yobudala; 65 ekhulwini for the 24-35; ipesenti eqinileyo ye-51 kwi-35-49; kwaye ke 44 ekhulwini 50-64, kunye kuphela 30 ekhulwini kwabo 65 nangaphezulu.
KwaSirayeli, yi-58 pesenti nje yabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala, kwaye yi-41 ekhulwini kuphela yabo bangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25 abavotileyo ngo-2013, xa kuthelekiswa ne-88 pesenti yabaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-55. EBritani nasePoland bangaphantsi kwesiqingatha sabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25 abavotileyo kunyulo lukawonke-wonke oludlulileyo, xa kuthelekiswa nama-88 ekhulwini abangaphezu kwama-55.
Ukungahoyi ulutsha olukhulayo kuneempembelelo ezibalulekileyo. Masithathe unyulo lokugqibela lwaseMelika oluzise uDonald Trump kwi-White House. Ababizwa ngokuba yiMillennials, abo baneminyaka eyi-18-35, ngoku benza i-31 ekhulwini labavoti. Isizukulwana esiThulekileyo (ezo 71+) ngoku iipesenti ze-12 zokuvota, kwaye iGeneration X (36-51) yenza malunga neepesenti ze-25 zabavoti.
Ukubaleka kukaBernie Sanders kwakusekelwe kwiivoti ezizigidi ezi-2 kwiqela le-19-24 yobudala - abavoti abaye balushiya unyulo emva kokulahlekelwa kwakhe kwiiprimaries. Izinga lokungahoywa kwabantu abancinci, kufutshane neepesenti ze-67, lenze iMillennials yalingana neSizukulwana esiThulileyo, kwaye yaphulukana nenzuzo yayo yedemographic. IMillennials yayinombono oncomekayo weSanders kwi-54 pesenti, ngokuchasene neepesenti ezingama-37 zikaClinton. Iipesenti ezili-17 kuphela zolutsha zazinombono olungileyo ngoTrump.
Ukuba kuphela iwaka leminyaka livotile, uClinton wayeya kuphumelela unyulo kwi-landslide, ngeevoti zonyulo ezingama-473 kwi-32 kaTrump.
Ingqalelo yokuqala ecacileyo yeyokuba, ukuba umsantsa oqhelekileyo phakathi kwezizukulwana uyanyamalala, siya kuba notshintsho oluncinane kwezopolitiko, njengoko abavoti abadala bedla ngokubambelela ngakumbi. Kwaye imbonakalo yesibini ecacileyo kukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabemi kuya kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe, njengoko abancinci beya kuguga.
Into ekhathazayo kukuba sinophando oluninzi ngezizathu ezibangela ukuba abantu abatsha bacinge ukuba inkqubo yezopolitiko ayinalwazi. Ngokuchasene noko, abahlalutyi abaninzi bezopolitiko bacinga ukuba amaqela aphetheyo akakukhathaleli ukurhoxa ngokubanzi. Inciphisa abavoti kwabo baziva beqhagamshelwe, abaphambili kucacile kwaye kulula ukwanelisa, njengoko izizukulwana ezindala ziziva zikhuselekile ngakumbi kunezo zincinci.
Kwaye umxholo wolutsha uyanyamalala kwingxoxo-mpikiswano yezopolitiko, okanye yintetho nje yobuciko. Umzekelo omhle kukuba urhulumente waseItali uzinikele ngo-2016 i-20 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ukugcina iibhanki ezine, ngelixa lizinikele lilonke le-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukudala imisebenzi kubantu abatsha, kwilizwe elisondele kuma-40 ekhulwini lokungaqeshwa kolutsha.
Kulutsha, umyalezo ucacile: imali ibaluleke ngakumbi kunekamva labo. Ngoko ke abavoti, yaye baya bencipha beba yinxalenye yenkqubo yezobupolitika.
Ukuchitha kwimfundo kunye nophando ngamaxhoba okuqala (kunye nempilo) xa i-austerity ibetha. Iziphumo ziyabonakala. EOstreliya (apho ama-25 ekhulwini abantu abaselula athi “akukhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lorhulumente esinaye”), abo baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 abahlawuli rhafu kumvuzo ongaphantsi kweedola ezingama-24,508 15,080. Abasebenzi abancinci baqala ukuhlawula irhafu kwi-XNUMX yeedola.
Kumazwe atyebileyo ehlabathini lonke, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 banenkxaso-mali nezaphulelo ezikhethekileyo, njengakwimiboniso bhanya-bhanya neminye imisebenzi. Hayi abantu abatsha…. Kodwa xa umntu onomyalezo wolutsha esiza emfanekisweni, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyatshintsha. EKhanada, ipesenti ze-37 kuphela ze-18-24s avotela kunyulo lwe-2008, ngokuchasene neepesenti ze-39 kwi-2011. Kodwa xa u-Justin Trudeau ekhankasela umyalezo wethemba kwi-2015, inxaxheba yolutsha yanyuka ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-57 ekhulwini.
Oyena nobangela wokwenene wokuxhalabela idemokhrasi, njengeziko elisekelwe kwingqikelelo enciphayo yentatho-nxaxheba yabantu abaninzi, kukuba abantu abatsha abapolitiki kwaphela. Ngapha koko, bazazi kakhulu izinto eziphambili njengokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukulingana ngokwesini, ubulungisa bezentlalo, iimpahla eziqhelekileyo, kunye nezinye iikhonsepthi, ngaphezulu kwesizukulwana esidala. Ubuncinci i-10 ipesenti yabantu abatsha abavolontiya kumaqela oluntu kunye noluntu, ngokuchasene ne-3 yepesenti yezizukulwana ezidala.
Baziva benxibelelene ngakumbi koonobangela bobuntu, banocalucalulo olumbalwa lobuhlanga, bakholelwa ngakumbi kumaziko ezizwe ngezizwe, kwaye banomdla ngakumbi kwimicimbi yamazwe ngamazwe. Umzekelo omhle yiChile. Ngo-2010 ukungahoywa kwabantu ngokubanzi bekuyi-13.1 yepesenti. Ngo-2013 yaya kuma-58 ekhulwini. Ulutsha aluzange luzibandakanye neepesenti ezingama-71. Ukuba abantu abatsha bangavota, bangatshintsha iziphumo.
Ngokulula, baye bancama amaziko ezopolitiko njengabonakeleyo, angasebenziyo, kwaye awananxibelelwano kubomi babo. Ingxelo yonyaka ophelileyo yafumanisa ukuba ama-72 ekhulwini abantu baseMerika abazalwa ngaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini babecinga ukuba “kubalulekile” ukuhlala kwilizwe elilawulwa ngedemokhrasi. Bangaphantsi kwesithathu kwabo bazalwa ngeminyaka yee-1980 bavumayo.
Simele siphawule ukuba ukuncipha kwenxaxheba kunyulo kuyinto eqhelekileyo ehlabathini lonke, kungekuphela nje phakathi kolutsha, kodwa nabemi ngokubanzi. Unyulo lokugqibela ekubhalweni kweli nqaku lwaluseBahamas; ngama-50 ekhulwini kuphela abantu abaye kuvota. ESlovenia ngoku ukungaboleki kukwipesenti ezingama-57.6, eMali ziipesenti ezingama-54.2, eSerbia ziipesenti ezingama-53.7, ePortugal ziipesenti ezingama-53.5, eLesotho ziipesenti ezingama-53.4, eLithuania ziipesenti ezingama-52.6, eColombia ziipesenti ezingama-52.1, eBulgaria ziipesenti ezingama-51.8, eSwitzerland ziipesenti ezingama-50.9… oku kwimimandla eyahlukileyo njengeLatin America, iYurophu, iAfrika kunye neAsia...ingxaki yokuthatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko isuka ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yepalamente (Great Britain), i-24 yepesenti yokungavumi, ngo-1964, ukuya kuma-34.2 ngo-2010 ukuya eItali (7.1 ekhulwini 2063, kwaye ngo-2013 24.8 ekhulwini).
Kukho ukuvumelana ngokubanzi phakathi kwabahlalutyi ukuba umonakalo wokubambisana kwehlabathi kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwamaqela ezopolitiko zizona zizathu eziphambili zokuhla kokuthatha inxaxheba. Ukanti abo baphumeleleyo abaze bazithathele ngqalelo izizathu zabo bangaphumelelanga. Uloyiso lukaMacron kunyulo lokugqibela lwaseFransi lwamkelwa kakuhle eJamani, kodwa kamsinya nje akuba umongameli omtsha eqalise ukuthetha ngesidingo sokomeleza iYurophu, umzekelo ngokwenza umphathiswa wezemali waseYurophu, impendulo kwangoko yaba: IJamani ayikho. iya kubeka ipesenti enye ye-surplus efunyenwe kakuhle kunye neYurophu kwinkonzo yamanye amazwe: abo bachitha imali yabo kubasetyhini kunye neziselo kwaye ngoku balindele ubumbano kwi-North of Europe (uMongameli waseDatshi wase-Eurofin, uJeroen Dijsselbloem).
Kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana abaphumeleleyo ngaphakathi kwi-European Union ukuba baqonde ukuba ingxaki yezopolitiko yeyomhlaba wonke, kwaye kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza? Inani labavoti liye lehla ngokukhawuleza eJamani, lisuka ngaphezu kwama-82 ekhulwini ngowe-1998 laya kutsho kuphela kuma-70.8 ekhulwini ngowama-2009. itheko.
UManfred Güllner, intloko yeziko lovoto leForsa, ulumkisa ngerekhodi elingavoti. “Kukho isizathu sokoyika ukuba bangaphantsi kwama-70 ekhulwini abavoti abafanelekileyo abaya kuvoto,” utshilo. Ukuba abo bangabavoti bafakwe kwigraphic eqhelekileyo yeTV, baya kuba neyona bar iphezulu kwitshathi. Ngokwenyani kufuneka bathathwe njengabaphumeleleyo bokwenyani kunyulo - ukuba bekungengenxa yokuba oku kukwabonisa ukoyiswa kwedemokhrasi.
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Nikela