ROME (IDN) โ Iingcali zovoto zithi xa abavoti bengaziva bekhululekile ukuthetha ukuba baya kuvota njani ngokwenene, kungenxa yokuba abakhululekanga kwinqanaba lengqiqo malunga nendlela abaza kuvota ngayo ngokwenene. Ngamanye amazwi, abavoti benza ngenxa yamathumbu abo, kungekhona ngenxa yobuchopho babo.
Oku kwenzeka xa uvoto lokuphuma emva kwe-23 kaJuni ye-referendum yaseBritani malunga nokuba uhlale uyinxalenye okanye uyishiye i-European Union yabonisa ivoti 'ehlala' ngokukhokela okuncinci, kodwa kwabonakala ngathi ayilunganga ngobusuku.
I-referendum ye-Brexit yayisekelwe ngokwenene kwiimvakalelo zamathumbu. Yayiliphulo loloyiko. Iphulo 'lokushiya' lalimalunga nohlaselo olukhulu lweGreat Britain ngamaTurkey ngenxa yokwamkelwa kweTurkey kwi-EU (ubuxoki ngokupheleleyo) kwaye iGreat Britain yayihlawula i-EU 50 yezigidi zeeponti ngosuku (kwakhona bubuxoki).
Kodwa umba ophambili owaphakanyiswa, ngakumbi owayesakuba ngusodolophu waseLondon u-Boris Johnson, yayikukuba: โThina (amaBritane) asisakhululekanga. Masiphumelele ukuzimela kwethu.โ UJohnson wade waya kuthelekisa i-EU kunye neJamani yamaNazi efuna ukuthatha iYurophu. Ewe, injongo yakhe yayilula: ukufumana iNkulumbuso yaseBritane uDavid Cameron ukuba arhoxe kwaye athathe indawo yakhe. Umzekelo oqaqambileyo wokujonga izinto!
Esi sikhalo sokufuna inkululeko saxhokonxa umoya wokuthand' izwe kwabo babecinga ngeentsuku zobukhosi. Babekholelwa ukuba isizwe siya kujongana namaza amakhulu abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe ukuba iBritane ihleli kwi-EU, kwaye abayi kuba nolawulo kwimida yabo. Inyani yokuba iBritane yayisele inolawulo lwemida yayo kwisivumelwano ne-EU yadada ngaphezulu kweentloko zabo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kolu phawu oluthile lwesazisi saseBritane, izizathu zeBrexit zazixhaphakile kwi-xenophobic, ubuzwe kunye ne-populist tide etshayela kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Iphulo leBrexit liqulathe zontathu izinto, kunye nesine: imvukelo yabantu ngokuchasene neqela labo.
Oko abahlalutyi sele beqala ukuyiqonda ngoku kukuba iingxoxo ezinengqiqo azisabalulekanga โ eyona nto ibalulekileyo luloyiko. Kwaye nantoni na ebetha i-elite kunye nokusekwa idala i-iconoclastic reaction, ekhokelela ekulahleni imifanekiso ye-elite. Le ngoku yinto entsha kwezopolitiko kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Umzekelo omhle wesixeko sase-Italiya saseTurin apho, iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwe-referendum ye-Brexit, usodolophu othembekileyo, osebenzayo kunye nohloniphekileyo ophumayo uPiero Fassino (owayewenze umsebenzi omhle) walahlekelwa yintombazana encinci (emele i-5 Star Movement) nawaphi na amava angaphambili. Abantu baziva befuna ukulahla yonke into endala, kuba iye yasilela ngokucacileyo ukujongana neemfuno zabo.
Kungekudala ukuxela kwangaphambili ukuchithwa kwe-United Kingdom, kunye neScotland kwakhona ibiza ukuzimela kwayo. I-Brexit yagqitywa yiNgilani, apho inani elikhulu labemi ngequbuliso laziva livuselelwa ubuni babo. Kufana umnxeba kaMarine Le Pen eFransi (obunye ubukhosi obulahlekileyo), oye wavula ingxoxo malunga nobunikazi baseFransi, imfuneko yokuphepha ukuhlanjululwa yinkcubeko yenkcubeko kunye nabafuduki (ingakumbi ukuba bangamaSilamsi) kunye nokulawula kwakhona imida yaseFransi ukusuka. ulawulo lweManyano yaseYurophu.
Kunyaka ozayo, sinonyulo eFransi naseJamani. U-Le Pen ukhokela elona qela likhulu ngoku laseFransi (i-Front National) kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukumkhupha emandleni. Unyulo lwaseJamani luza kubona ukunyuka kweqela lasekunene le-Alternative for Germany (AfD), elenza ukwabiwa kwakhona kwesazisi saseJamani kunye nolongamo lube sisiseko sokuyishiya iYurophu.
Nangona kunjalo, enye yezinto ezimbalwa ezilungileyo zeBrexit kukuba ngoku kukho ikhorasi ekhulayo kwinto yokuba umanyano lwehlabathi alusigcinanga isithembiso salo: ubutyebi kuye wonke umntu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iye yabangela ukungalingani okumangalisayo kwezentlalo, ibe abantu abambalwa banobutyebi belizwe, yaye abaninzi beshiywe ngaphandle. Ngokwezibalo ze-OECD, iYurophu ilahlekelwe ngabemi abakumgangatho ophakathi abazizigidi ezili-18 kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo.
Ngexesha lokuqhutywa kwe-referendum ye-Brexit, inyani yokuba abagcini bebhanki bebevumelana ngamxhelo-mnye bevakalisa inkxaso yenkampu 'eseleyo' ibe nefuthe elichaseneyo kwabo bangama-27% abemi baseBritane abanobunzima bokufikelela ekupheleni kwenyanga, ngelixa bebona. phezu 1.000 iibhanki, kunye 1.500 CEO ukwenza ngaphezu 1 million iponti ngonyaka. Ngoku, nokuba i-IMF ipapasha izifundo malunga nendlela ukungalingani kwezentlalo kuyimbuyiselo ekukhuleni, kunye nokubaluleka kokutyalomali kwimigaqo-nkqubo yentlalontle yokubandakanywa kunye namathuba alinganayo.
Oku kuyenzeka, abanye banokuthi, kuba ukusabela kumanyano lwehlabathi akudali kuphela amaza asekunene. Ngemvakalelo yokuba bonke abo bakwinkqubo abayihoyi iingxaki zabo, ukunyakaza okutsha kobunzima kuvela ngasekhohlo, njengePodemos eSpain. Kukhetho oluzayo lwaseSpain, iqela lemveli lentando yesininzi, i-PSOE, ibeka ingozi yokuba ngumdlali we-Podemos.
E-Italy, emva kokuphumelela unyulo lwephondo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, i-5 Star Movement ngoku ibonakala inokuthi ithathe urhulumente kazwelonke, ngoku iqhutywe yi-social-democratic Partito Democratico (PD). Emva kweminyaka emibini enegunya, inkokeli yayo, "omncinci" uMatteo Renzi, sele ebonakala njengomntu omdala wokusekwa.
Mhlawumbi kuya kucaca kwakhona ukuba i-EU inengxaki efanayo. Wonke umntu uthetha ngendima yakhe ephantsi emhlabeni, into yokuba abalawuli abangakhethwanga eBrussels bahlala bekhutshiwe kwinyani, kwaye bazinikele ekuxoxeni ngemithetho yokupakisha iitumato, bangenandaba neengxaki zommi waseYurophu. Sifanele sinqumame sibonise ukuba olu kwaluhlobo olunye lokugxekwa esiluvayo ngeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Kodwa imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe inokwenza kuphela oko amalungu ayo ayivumelayo ukuba iyenze.
I-EU yintlangano ye-supranational (kuphela kwayo ekhoyo), kodwa onke amandla ezopolitiko asezandleni zeBhunga labaPhathiswa, apho oorhulumente bahlala khona kwaye bathathe izigqibo. IKhomishini yaseYurophu ishiywe ukuba iwaphumeze, kwaye abalawuli banelungelo lokuzikhethela ubungakanani beetumato ezipakishiweyo. Emva koko oorhulumente belizwe abafanayo abaye bathatha izigqibo, bafumanisa ukuba kulula ukugxeka ukungasebenzi kwe-EU. Lo mdlalo ungakhathaliyo ngoku uneBrexit njengesiphumo sekhonkrithi, kwaye oorhulumente ngoku kufuneka bacinge kabini ngokuqhubeka ngale ndlela yemigangatho ephindwe kabini.
Phofu ke, umlawuli ngoku ekugqibeleni ze. IYurophu iyahlukana kwaye uxanduva oluninzi luwela kumagxa aseJamani. IJamani iye yavimba nayiphi na inzame yokudala amanyathelo ezoqoqosho kunye nentlalontle yaseYurophu, kuba ayifuni ukuhlawula iimpazamo zamazwe anetyala, njengeGrisi neItali. Umphathiswa wezemali waseJamani uWolfgang Schรคuble ude watyhola i-European Central Bank uMario Draghi nge-50% yempumelelo ye-AfD yobuhlanga kunyulo oludlulileyo lwaseJamani. Nantoni na enye into enokuthiwayo, uDraghi wenza ukuthanda kweYurophu, kungekhona kumvoti waseJamani.
IJamani lelona lizwe linamandla kakhulu kwi-EU. Kuyamangalisa ukwazi ukuba zonke izithuba ezibalulekileyo kwi-EU bureaucracy zithathwe ngamaBritane namaJamani. Enyanisweni, abo balawula i-bureaucracy kunye nengxoxo malunga neetumato ezipakiweyo baphuma kuloo mazwe mabini. Kodwa nguChancellor waseJamani u-Angela Merkel othathwa njengomntu oqhuba i-EU.
IJamani ngoku kufuneka yenze isigqibo phakathi kokuqhubeka kwindlela yayo eya eJamaniise Yurophu okanye ibuyele ekubeni yiJamani yaseYurophu, njengoko kwakunjalo xa ikomkhulu laliyiBonn. IJamani iye yahlala ingahoyi zonke iifowuni zaseYurophu kunye nezamazwe ngamazwe zokudlala umgaqo-nkqubo owahlukileyo kwi-EU. Yalile ukonyusa inkcitho, ukwabelana ngenkxaso-mali yalo naliphi na inyathelo kwiibhondi zaseYurophu okanye nawuphi na umlinganiselo wokuhlalisana kule ngxaki.
Kodwa kuya kuba yimpazamo ukucinga ukuba oku kungenxa yobuntu obukhethekileyo bukaSchรคuble. Uninzi lwabemi baseJamani banenkolelo yokuba akufanele bahlawule iimpazamo zabanye. Ukunyaniseka, urhulumente waseJamani akazange azame ukubafundisa ngeemfuno zaseYurophu. Kwaye, ngoku, mhlawumbi sekusemva kwexesha.
Unyulo oluzayo lwaseJamani luya kuba nzima kurhulumente okhoyo. Kulindeleke ukuba i-AfD ifumane ukwanda okukhulu kweevoti, kwaye amaqela amabini emveli โ iSocial Democratic Party (SPD) kunye neChristian Democratic Union (CDU) โ akhathazeke kakhulu.
Emva kweBrexit, uMerkel uza kwenza ntoni ngoku? Ngaba uya kuzama ukuqala iYurophu enesantya ezibini kunye namazwe aseBaltic, ePoland, eHungary kunye nazo zonke ezinye ii-Eurosceptics ezishiywe ngaphandle? Okanye ngaba ukulungele ukutshintsha umgaqo-nkqubo wakhe wokuzimela kwaye adlale indima yokwenyani yaseYurophu, naphezu kokunyuka kwe-AfD? IYurophu ngoku ixhomekeke ngokucacileyo eJamani kwaye kulapha apho siza kubona ukuba uMerkel ngumfazi welizwe okanye upolitiki ophumeleleyo welizwe.
* URoberto Savio ngumshicileli we-OtherNews, umcebisi ku-INPS-IDN kunye noku IBhunga leNtsebenziswano yeHlabathi. Ukwangumseki we-Inter Press Service (IPS) ye-arhente yeendaba kunye noMongameli wayo we-Emeritus. Eli nqaku lipapashwa ngokudibeneyo kunye Ezinye iiNdaba. [IDN-InDepthNews โ 25 June 2016]
IDN yeyona nto iphambili kwi Umanyano lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lweeNdaba.
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