Phakathi kwemisebenzi emininzi enenzuzo yeBloomberg kukho into efanelekileyo I-Bloomberg Billionaires Index, esanda kupapasha iziphumo zayo ze-2017.
Igubungela kuphela abona bantu bazizityebi abangama-500, yaye ivakalisa ngokuzingca ukuba baye bakwandisa ubutyebi babo ngesigidi sesigidi seerandi kunyaka nje omnye.
Ubutyebi babo benyuka ngeepesenti ezingama-23 ukuya phezulu bekhululekile kwi-5 yezigidigidi zeedola (ukubeka oku ngendlela ecacileyo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwaseMelika ngoku lukwi-3.7 yetriliyoni).
Oko kuthetha unciphiso olulinganayo kubo bonke abanye abantu, abaphulukene nezo zetriliyoni zeedola.
Into engaziwa ngokubanzi kukuba isixa semali ejikelezayo sihlala sifana; akukho mali intsha ishicilelweyo ukulungiselela abona bazizityebi bezigidi ezingama-500!
Enyanisweni, i<em>Forbes, iphephancwadi lezityebi, ithi kukho ngaphezu kwe-2.000 yeebhiliyoni ehlabathini, kwaye eli nani liza kwanda kwaye linyuke ngokukhawuleza.
iTshayina
I-China ngoku yodlula i-US, inama-594 ezigidigidi xa kuthelekiswa ne-US engama-535 - kwaye rhoqo ngeentsuku ezintathu kuzalelwa usozigidi omtsha apho. Kukwakho neqela elikhethekileyo leebhiliyoni, iKlabhu yooSomashishini baseTshayina, eyamkela amalungu kuphela ngazwinye amalungu ayo angama-64. Ngokudibeneyo bane-300 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ezilingana ne-4.5 yeepesenti ye-Chinese Gross National Product (GNP).
Njengesiqhelo, ubutyebi baseTshayina yintsapho, oku kuthetha ukuba kwiminyaka eyi-10 baya kushiya ilifa le-1 yezigidigidi zeedola, mhlawumbi kuonyana babo; kwaye isixa sobutyebi obuzuzwe njengelifa siya kunyuka siye kwiitriliyoni ezintathu zeedola kwiminyaka engama-20.
Siyazi kuphononongo olukhulu olwenziwe ngusoqoqosho ongumFrentshi uThomas Piketty ogubungela amazwe angama-65 ngamaxesha anamhlanje, ukuba ubutyebi obuninzi buvela kwimali ezuzwe njengelifa. Kungenxa yokuba, njengoko sonke sisazi, imali izala imali.
โIntlupheko izisa inkxwaleko, ubutyebi buzisa ubutyebiโ
Enyanisweni, uRonald Reagan waqalisa iphulo lakhe: โIntlupheko izisa inkxwaleko, ubutyebi buzisa ubutyebiโ โ ngoko ke, kufuneka sirhafise abantu abazizityebi ngaphantsi kwabangamahlwempu.
Nangona kunjalo, umthetho werhafu kaDonald Trump osanda kwamkelwa e-US unciphisa irhafu kwiinkampani, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa intsilelo yase-US nge-1.7 yetriliyoni zeedola kwiminyaka elishumi. Akukho mntu uye waqaphela ukuba intsilelo yase-US sele ifikelela kwi-18.96 yetriliyoni zeedola okanye malunga ne-104 leepesenti kwi-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) yeenyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo.
Olu hlengahlengiso lwerhafu luya kuba nefuthe elinzulu kwiYurophu, ngokutshintshela apho ezininzi iindleko zohlaziyo, ngokulinganisela kweentlawulo kunye norhwebo. Abona baphathiswa abahlanu ababalulekileyo bezemali baseYurophu, i-UK ibandakanyiwe, babhale ileta yoqhanqalazo, ngokucacileyo kakhulu kuMongameli uTrump, obona i-US kuphela njengephumeleleyo, kunye nabo bonke abanye njengabalahlekileyo.
Yonke le mali imangalisayo yemali ezandleni ezimbalwa (abantu abayi-8 banobutyebi obufana ne-2.3 yezigidigidi zabantu), isizisa kwiingcamango ezintathu ezifanelekileyo: a) kwenzeka ntoni ngetyala lehlabathi b) oorhulumente babanceda njani abazizityebi ukuba baphephe irhafu. ; c) ubudlelwane phakathi kokungabikho kobulungisa kunye nedemokhrasi. Akukho nanye kwezo mbono inika ithuba ithemba, kwaye okuncinci kuko konke ukuthembela kudidi lwethu lwezopolitiko.
Ityala lehlabathi
Masiqale ngetyala lehlabathi. Andikhumbuli ndibone inqaku elinye ngalo nto kunyaka wokuvala. Nangona kunjalo i-International Monetary Fund ilumkisile: ityala elipheleleyo lecandelo elingeloncedo lwezemali liphindaphindeke kabini ngokwemigaqo yegama ukusuka ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ukuya kwi-152 yetriliyoni zeedola.
Le yirekhodi ye-225 yeepesenti ye-GDP yehlabathi. Isibini esithathwini siphuma kwicandelo labucala, kwaye isinye kwisithathu siphuma kwicandelo likarhulumente. Kodwa oku kunyuke ukusuka ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-70 zeGDP kunyaka ophelileyo ngoku ukuya kuma-85 ekhulwini, ukunyuka okumangalisayo ngexesha elifutshane.
Ngapha koko, iZiko elihlonitshwayo lezeMali zamazwe ngamazwe liqikelela ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2017 ityala lehlabathi-labucala kunye nelikawonke-wonke- beliya kufikelela kwi-226 yetriliyoni zeedola, ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kathathu imveliso yoqoqosho yonyakaโฆ
Oku akubonakali kunomdla nakubani na. Kodwa makhe sithathe imeko yoqoqosho lwaseMelika, kunye nemeko yoMongameli ozidlayo ngokuqhayisa ngesalathiso sokukhula, ngoku kuqikelelwa kwi-2.6 yeepesenti.
Ewe, oku kubonisa ukusilela kwe-GDP njengesalathisi esisebenzayo. Ukukhula sisalathiso soqoqosho olukhulu. Ukuba i-80 ipesenti iya kwizandla ezimbalwa, kunye neimvuthuluka kubo bonke abanye, abahlawula ininzi yerhafu, akusiyo umzekelo wokukhula; yingxaki nje elindele ukudubula.
Ngaphezu koko, akukho mntu ucinga ngokunyuka kwentsilelo. Ityala labucala lilonke ekupheleni kwekota yokuqala ka-2017 laliyi-trillion ye-14.9, ngokunyuka kwe-900 yezigidi zeedola kwiinyanga ezintathu.
Nangona imivuzo inyuke ukusuka kwi-9.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2014 ukuya kwi-10.3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwikota yesibini ka-2017, amatyala eentsapho asuka kwi-13.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuya kwi-14.9, ukunyuka kwebhiliyoni enye yeedola kwiinyanga nje ezine.
Ukukhula? Luluphi Ukukhula?
Luluphi ukukhula esithetha ngako? Ngapha koko, sinama-86 eepesenti abantu abajongene netyala elikhulayo, ngelixa besiba ngenxa yokuxinana kobutyebi ezandleni zepesenti enye yabemi.
Oku kufuneka kube yimbangela yokukhathazeka kulo naluphi na ulawulo, iphiko lasekhohlo okanye iphiko lasekunene. Enyanisweni, akumangalisi ukuba amadoda angama-400 acebile kakhulu e-US, ekhokelwa nguWarren Buffet, abhalele uTump emxelela ukuba benza kakuhle kwaye abafuni isaphulelo serhafu; kwaye kufuneka azikhathaze ngeyona ndawo ihlwempuzekileyo yabemi.
Imali Efihliweyo
Ngoku indlela oyithandayo yokuphepha irhafu kukubeka imali kwiindawo zokuhlawulela irhafu, apho phakathi kwe-21 kunye ne-30 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
I-Tax Justice Network inika ingxelo yokuba le nkqubo โiyilwe kwaye iqhutywaโ liqela leengcaphephe ezihlawulwa kakhulu ezisuka kwezona bhanki zikhulu zabucala zehlabathi (ekhokelwa ngu iUBS, credit Suisse, yaye Goldman Sachs), iiofisi zomthetho, kunye neefemu accounting kwaye zinyanyezelwe yimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ezifana IBhanki yeendawo zokuhlala zakwamanye amazwe, i Fund International Fund, i IBhanki ye hlabathi, i OECD, kwaye i G20.
Isixa semali efihliweyo sinyuke kakhulu ukusukela ngo-2005, silola umsantsa phakathi kwezityebi ezinkulu kunye nehlabathi liphela. Yiyo loo nto bekukho uxinzelelo oluninzi lokunyanzela iibhanki ukuba zivule iiakhawunti zazo kuhlolo lwemali, kwaye zicinezele iBahamas, iHong Kong, iPanama namanye amazwe ehlabathi lesithathu.
Ngoku, omnye umzekelo omhle wobuhanahanisi obulawulayo: Intlanganiso yokugqibela yabaPhathiswa bezeMali ye-European Union (Ecofin), ayizange ikwazi ukuthatha isigqibo ngento ekhohlakeleyo: amazwe amaninzi angamalungu (iLuxemburg, i-UK, i-Ireland, i-Netherlands). , iMalta neSipro), ibamba iindawo zokurhafisa kwimimandla yazo.
UKumkanikazi waseNgilani utyale i-10 yezigidi zeeponti kwizulu lerhafu yesiNgesi. Kwaye amazwe amabini ase-US, ngakumbi i-Delaware, aneendawo zerhafu ezingenakungeneka nakwi-CIA kunye ne-FBI.
Iindawo zokurhafisa ezifana neZiqithi zeCayman, iJersey kunye neBahamas bezingavumi kakhulu, abaphandi bafumanise, kunamazwe afana neNevada, iDelaware, iMontana, iSouth Dakota, iWyoming neNew York.
"[Abantu baseMelika] bafumanise ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba baye ePanama", utshilo uJames Henry weTax Justice Network. U-Ecofin ugqibe ekubeni aqhubeke nokubetha amazwe eHlabathi leSithathu, de agqibe ukuba mabenze ntoni ekhaya.
Ke, iNtshona ibhengeza imigaqo yokungafihli kunye nokuphendula, ukuba nje inokunyanzelisa oku kwabanye. Kodwa kukho i-paradox koorhulumente baseNtshona: ukuba ezo ndawo zerhafu zivaliwe, njengoko uninzi lwediphozithi luvela eNtshona, baya kuba nakho ukufumana irhafu eninzi.
Ukuthatha nje imeko yase-US: Ikholeji yeReed ingcali yezoqoqosho uKim Clausing uqikelela ukuba ukuguquguquka kwiindawo zokurhafisa kunye nezinye iindlela zokutshintsha ingeniso kwehlisa ingeniso ye-Ofisi kaNondyebo malunga ne-111 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2012.
Kwaye, ngokutsho kweOfisi yoHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali entsha ye-Congressional, ukukhukuliseka kwesiseko senkampani kuya kuqhubeka nokusika iirisithi zerhafu yenkampani kule minyaka ilishumi izayo.
Kufuneka icace ke ngoko into yokuba, ukuba oorhulumente bavumela ingeniso yabo evela kumaqumrhu kunye nabarhola imali eninzi ukuba icutheke, abenzi nto ngokomdla wommi ophakathi.
โMasikhusele Abona bazizityebiโ
Ngoko ke, masenze izigqibo zethu. Akukho mntu ulihoyayo ityala lehlabathi, elikhula ngokungaphaya kwamandla, kodwa ingxaki siyishiya kwizizukulwana ezizayo, ngethemba lokuba ziya kuyilungisa. Sibaboleka ngamatyala, ngotshintsho lwemozulu, kunye nantoni na enokwenzeka, ukuphepha nakuphi na ukuzincama kwethu ngoku.
Isiqubulo sethu sibonakala ngathi: Masikhusele abona bazizityebi, kwaye silindele okuncinci kubo nangaphezulu kwabanye. Ngowe-1952, irhafu yengeniso yenkampani yayixhasa ngemali emalunga nama-32 ekhulwini kurhulumente waseUnited States. Oko kunciphe ukuya kwi-10.6 ekhulwini ngo-2015. Nangona iindawo zokuhlawulela irhafu ayinguye yedwa unobangela wolu tshintsho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isabelo senzuzo yenkampani echazwe kwiindawo zokuhlawulela irhafu iye yanda ngokuphindwe kalishumi ukususela ngo-1980. Kwaye ngoku ivela kuTrump isipho esikhulu serhafu kwiinkampani.
Lo mgaqo-nkqubo, ufihlwe kubemi, kwaye awuzange ugunyaziswe nasiphi na isenzo somthetho esisemthethweni, ngoku uya kubonakala ngenxa yokwanda okukhulu kokungalingani, okungekho mzekelo embalini.
Ngokutsho kwe-Oxfam, iBritane enkulu iya kuba nokungabikho kokusesikweni ngakumbi ngo-2020, oko ngexesha likaKumkanikazi uVictoria. Ihlabathi lihamba ngokukhawuleza kutyalo-mali lwezemali kunye neentengiselwano, kwaye kungekhona kwimveliso yeempahla kunye neenkonzo, ezingafumani mvuzo ngokukhawuleza. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngetriliyoni enye yeedola ungathenga imveliso yehlabathi yosuku lweempahla neenkonzo.
Kwangaloo mini, utshintshiselwano lwezemali lufikelela kwi-40 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Oko kuthetha ukuba idola nganye eveliswa ngezandla zabantu, kukho iidola ezingama-40 ezidalwe kukutsalwa kwemali.
Ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi
Ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi ngokucacileyo ngamakomkhulu anomvuzo, hayi abantu. Ewe, oku kunempembelelo kwezopolitiko, hayi eyona ilungileyo.
Kukho yonke indawo inani elandayo labalahlekileyo, ngakumbi kumazwe atyebileyo, nangenxa yophuhliso lobuchwepheshe, kunye nokutshintsha kokusetyenziswa. Umzekelo weklasiki yimigodi yamalahle uTrump afuna ukuyivusa, ukwenza iMelika ibe nkulu kwakhona.
Kodwa amalahle apheliswa ngokungenakuthintelwa ngenxa yeenkxalabo zemozulu (nokuba akakhawulezi ngokwaneleyo), kwaye ukuzisebenzela kunciphisa kakhulu inani labasebenzi abaza kuqeshwa. Iirobhothi ngo-2040 ziya kuba noxanduva lwe-42 pesenti yokuveliswa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo, ukusuka kwi-16 lepesenti yangoku. Oku kuthetha ukuba malunga ne-86 yezigidi zabantu abatsha abangaphangeliyo, eNtshona kuphela, ngokutsho koMbutho weHlabathi wezaBasebenzi.
Abo bashiywe ngaphandle kwiinzuzo zokudityaniswa kwehlabathi bajonga abaphumeleleyo, abababona benxibelelene kakuhle nale nkqubo. Oku kubangela umanyano lwehlabathi lwenzondo kunye nokukhungatheka, okwathi kwiminyaka embalwa kuye kwakhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaqela anelungelo kuwo onke amazwe aseYurophu, kubangele iBrexit, kunye neTrump. Kudala-dala, ekhohlo yayingumthwali webhanile womlo wobulungisa boluntu. Ngoku ilungile!
Ekugqibeleni, ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi kuphulukene nokuqaqamba - kodwa hayi amandla ako. Ngoku, ingxoxo-mpikiswano imalunga nendlela yokuphelisa i-globalise, kwaye eyona nto ixhalabisayo kukuba ingxoxo ayikho malunga nendlela yokuzisa inkqubo kwinkonzo yoluntu, kodwa indlela yokuhambisa i-populism kunye nobuzwe, kunye ne-xenophobia, ukuba "masenze I-US inkulu kwakhonaโ, ekwandeni kongquzulwano kunye neengxabano.
Kusemva kakhulu?
Imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe efana ne-IMF kunye neBhanki yeHlabathi โ ebibanga amashumi amabini eminyaka ukuba imakethi isesona siseko senkqubela phambili, ukuba xa sele kukho urhwebo olukhululekileyo ngokupheleleyo, indoda eqhelekileyo kunye nowasetyhini baya kuba ngabaxhamli โ batshintshe umva. izixhobo.
Ngoku bonke bathetha ngesidingo sokuba urhulumente aphinde abe ngumlamli wemimiselo kunye nokubandakanywa kwentlalo, kuba baye bafumanisa ukuba ukungabikho kobulungisa kwentlalontle kukuqhawula nje kuphela kwidemokhrasi, kodwa kunye nenkqubela phambili yezoqoqosho.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwayo yonke into MEA culpa, basuke barhatyele emini. I-genie iphumile ebhotileni, kwaye amandla akazami nokuzama ukuyibuyisela. Uhanahaniso olupheleleyo, imidla ekhoyo, kunye nokungabi nambono ngokulusizi kuthathe indawo yomgaqo-nkqubo.
URoberto Savio ungumseki kunye nowayesakuba nguMlawuli-Jikelele we-arhente yeendaba zamazwe ngamazwe Inter Press Service (IPS).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela