Umthombo: I-Intercept
Kodwa uNavratilova wayekwindawo enye kum. Uye waba yenye yezona nkwenkwezi zibalaseleyo nezazidumileyo kwezemidlalo: I-Sports Illustrated yambeka njenge-19 kuluhlu lwayo lwemidlalo. Iimbaleki ezigqwesileyo kwinkulungwane yama-20, ibhinqa lesibini eliphakamileyo emva kukaBabe Zaharias, indawo enye emva kukaBill Russell, kwaye enye ngaphambi kukaTy Cobb. Uphumelele isithsaba seWimbledon kwiingoma ezilithoba (uSerena Williams uphumelele ezisixhenxe), newonga lakhe lokugqibela leGrand Slam wafumana inyanga enye ngaphandle kwakhe. Usuku lokuzalwa lwe-50th, xa waba yintshatsheli ye-2006 US Open Mixed Doubles. Elo yayiliwonga lakhe le-Grand Slam lama-59, elona libalaseleyo kwimbali yentenetya kuye nawuphi na umdlali.
Ukukhuphisana kwakhe nentshatsheli yentenetya yase-US uChris Evert ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 kwaye kuyo yonke iminyaka yee-80s yayiyenye ye olona khuphiswano lukhulu lwezemidlalo kule nkulungwane idlulileyo, ukuba akukho njalo eyona inkulu. Badlale izihlandlo ezingama-80 (uNavratilova ephumelele izihlandlo ezingama-43), kuquka izihlandlo ezili-14 kumdlalo wokugqibela weGrand Slam (apho uNavratilova waphumelela i-10). Umdlalo wabo-ungquzulwano olumangalisayo kubuntu, iinkcubeko, uphawu, kunye nezimbo zokudlala - zabukelwa zizigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela kwi-NBC, CBS, BBC, kunye nolunye uthungelwano lweenkampani zehlabathi.
Nangona ndandiyibukele ngokugqithisileyo imidlalo kaNavratilova kwaye ndaphila kwaye ndafa namanqaku onke, amandla akhe kwezemidlalo mhlawumbi ayeyeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokubaluleka kwakhe ekukhuleni kwam. Yonke into emalunga ne-Navratilova yayinganyanisekanga, ingumntu oyedwa, inesibindi, i-trailblazing, kunye ne-orthodoxy-busting: xa sibuyela emva, wayeligorha elikhoyo eliqhelekileyo, umntu owala ukuba ubomi bakhe bunyanzeliswe okanye bunyanzeliswe yimigaqo yoluntu.
Wayengengomntu othandana nomntu othandana naye ngokuphandle ngexesha apho babembalwa kakhulu, kodwa wahamba ihlabathi kunye nomfazi wakhe ngelo xesha uJudy Nelson, emhlalise ngokugqithiseleyo kwibhokisi yomdlali wakhe kwaye enyanzela abasasazi benethiwekhi yezemidlalo yamadoda ukuba bazame ngokukhawuleza isigama ukuchaza ubudlelwane babo. xa ikhamera ingena kwiqela lakhe labaxhasi (bahlala bahlala "kumhlobo okhethekileyo kaMartina" okanye "iqabane elide").
Kwi-1981, uNavratilova waqesha njengomqeqeshi wakhe umfazi we-transgender uDkt. Renée Richards - owayesakuba ngumqhubi we-Navy, ugqirha wamehlo, kunye nomphathi weqela le-tennis yaseYale - owathi, kwiminyaka yoo-1970, wamangalela ngempumelelo i-Woman's Tennis Association ngelungelo lokugqiba. kwiitumente zabasetyhini abaziingcali. Kumashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ihlabathi libhiyozele okanye likwazi malunga noLaverne Cox, uCaitlyn Jenner, kunye noChaz Bono, apho, kunye nenkosikazi kaNavratilova kwimidlalo yemidlalo yemidlalo yeplanethi eyayinengeniso enkulu, ngenxa yeNavratilova, omnye wabasetyhini ababonakalayo abadlulayo emhlabeni. . URichards uqeqeshe uNavratilova kwiintshatsheli ezimbini zeWimbledon.
Konke oku kwaxabisa izigidi zeedola ku-Navratilova kwiimvume zorhwebo, njengoko imbangi yakhe, i-heterosexual, intombazana yaseMelika-esecaleni kukaChris Evert yaba sisithandwa saseMelika kunye nobuso obunengeniso kwishishini laseMelika. Ngelixa sele ephezulu kumdlalo, uNavratilova wazenza nganeno kwishishini ngokuguqula umzimba wakhe ube sisihlunu esinamandla kunye nobuchule obusebenzisa irejimeni yoqeqesho ethe yabangela ukuba ababhali bezemidlalo abangamadoda kunye nabalandeli bentenetya basoloko bebanga ukuba wayengenguye “ umfazi wokwenyani” kunye nokunyanzelisa ukuba ibingalunganga into yokuba “uChrissie” akhuphisane nomntu onezihlunu nonamandla. Eso simo sengqondo sinoburhalarhume saba lukhuni njengoko inguqu yomzimba kaNavratilova ivelisa ulawulo olukhulu nangakumbi: ukusuka ngo-1982 ukuya kutsho ngo-1984, woyisa i-Evert eyayikade iphezulu izihlandlo ezili-12 zilandelelana.
Kodwa uNavratilova, ngenxa yazo zonke izithuko kunye nezithuko zobuntatheli awazinyamezelayo, akazange ajike kwindima yakhe yobuvulindlela egameni leembaleki zabasetyhini, ukulingana kwamafanasini, kunye nokubonakala. Ekunye noBillie Jean King, wayekhokela indlela yokwakha indawo yabasetyhini ukuba baphumelele ngokurhweba ngokulinganayo kunye namadoda kwihlabathi lemidlalo yobungcali. Uyiguqule ingqiqo yento iimbaleki zabasetyhini ezikwaziyo ukufikelela kuzo: Irejimeni yakhe yoqeqesho kunye notshintsho lomzimba ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla lukhuthaza indlela iimbaleki zabasetyhini abaziqeqesha ngayo.
Kwaye okongeziweyo kuko konke ukungavisisani kwezentlalo nenkcubeko yayikukuthetha kwakhe ngokuphandle kwezopolitiko. Ngaphandle kokuxelelwa ukuba imeko yakhe njengomphambukeli e-US kufuneka imenze angafuni ukugxeka urhulumente wase-US - emva koko, jonga ukuba eli lizwe likunike ntoni, ngoko le ngqiqo yahamba kwaye isaqhubeka - uNavratilova wayijonga ngendlela eyahlukileyo: Wayekholelwa ukuba uze e-US ngokuchanekileyo ukubaleka ingcinezelo aze afumane inkululeko, ngoko wala ukuxelelwa ukuba kufuneka acinezele izimvo zakhe.
Ebonakalisa indlela awayebuphila ngayo ubomi bakhe bonke, wayengomnye wabantu bokuqala ababalaseleyo ukugxeka ulawulo lukaBush emva kohlaselo lwe-9/11 lokuxhaphaza izoyikiso zokuphelisa inkululeko yoluntu, ebangela impikiswano enkulu. Ngenxa yoko, waxelelwa ngu-ankile we-CNN ngoko u-Connie Chung kumabonwakude wesizwe - kudliwanondlebe I. wabhala malunga no-2012 - ukuba avale umlomo wakhe okanye abuyele eCzechoslovakia: "Ndingakuxelela ukuba xa ndifunda le nto, kufuneka ndikuxelele ukuba bendicinga ukuba yayingengowaseMelika, ukungathandi ilizwe. Ndandifuna ukuthi, ndibuyele eCzechoslovakia. Uyazi, ukuba awuthandi apha, eli lizwe likunike kakhulu, likunike inkululeko yokwenza unothanda,” utshilo uChung.
Njengomntwana ofikisayo kwaye emva koko wayekwishumi elivisayo owayesazi ngokungafihlisiyo - ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba kutheni - ukuba uluntu ngandlel 'ithile lwenze isigwebo sokuziphatha sokuba, ngenxa yokuba yindoda, ndimbi kwaye ndaphukile, ndazichonga ngethuku leNavratilova. Iinkumbulo zisacacile kubawo, umlandeli kaChris Evert njengamadoda amaninzi esizukulwana sakhe, ehlala esenza amagqabantshintshi athob’ isidima malunga noNavratilova kunye nebhokisi yomdlali wakhe, hayi ngenxa yobubi, kodwa ehambisa nje izinto ezixhaphakileyo zelo xesha. Indelelo awayichazayo kuye yandiqhubela phambili ekuthandeni ngasese umfazi ogama lakhe kunye nokhetho lwakhe lwalusisiqalekiso kwinto efunwa yimiqobo yoluntu kuye.
Ndathi ndakuba mdala, andizange ndicinge kangako ngeNavratilova. Kodwa emva kokuba ingxelo ka-Snowden ngo-2013 inyuse iqonga lam njengentatheli, waqala ukuthetha nam kwi-Twitter. (I-tweet yokuqala awake wandithumelela yona yayikuphela kwexesha endilikhumbulayo ukuba ndibambekile ebomini bam, kubandakanywa xa ndakha ubuhlobo no-Ellsberg; emva okokuqala kwenzeka, Ndafowunela umhlobo wam osenyongweni kwasebuntwaneni kunye nohlobo lwe-giddy glee olufana nolutsha oludibana nesithixo sabo esithandwayo sepop.) Saye saqalisa ukulandelana kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sithetha ngomyalezo othe ngqo.
Indlela endasabela ngayo yandikhokelela ekubeni ndibuyele kumbuzo wokuba kwakutheni ukuze uNavratilova abe nempembelelo engaka, engumzekelo omhle kum, ukususela ebuntwaneni nasekukhuleni kwam nasekukhuleni kwam. Ndaqonda ukuba yayidlulela ngaphaya kwesibakala nje sokuba wayengomnye wabantu abambalwa ababengafihli amafanasini ngelo xesha. Ukuba iqhawe lam lobuntwaneni lalingenakwenzeka kakhulu - imbaleki yabasetyhini abakhulela emva "kwe-Iron Curtain" - yandikhokelela ekubeni ndicinge malunga nendlela esikhetha ngayo abantu abangumzekelo, ukukwazi kwabantu ukuphembelela omnye komnye kwimida yabantu kunye nenkcubeko, kunye namandla. kwabantu ukuba bagqithe kwimiqobo yoluntu ngokusebenzisa amandla athile angenakuphengululeka entando kunye nokufuna inkululeko yobuqu.
Ngo-2017, ndaye ndagqiba ekubeni ndenze umboniso wobude obungangekuphela nje ngobomi bukaNavratilova, kodwa nendima yakhe ebomini bam, ezinikele ekuphononongeni yonke le mibuzo. Ngokukhawuleza safumana iqabane eReese Witherspoon, owayenalo kungekudala ngaphambili udale inkampani entsha yemveliso ebizwa ngokuba nguMolo Sunshine enikelwe ukubalisa amabali "abafazi abomeleleyo, abanzima," kwaye thina ke ibhengeze iprojekthi.
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ngaphandle kwenkxaso yomntu onempembelelo ephezulu yaseHollywood kunye nenkxaso-mali efumaneka ngokulula, ukufota akukaqalisi, kwaye akunakuqala. Zininzi izizathu zokuba: Ubomi bam bugqitywe ngokungalindelekanga uninzi lonyaka ophelileyo ingxelo ephikisana kakhulu eBrazil Kuvimba omkhulu oyimfihlo onikezelwe ngumthombo kunye nokuwa okubanzi okuvela kuyo, kubandakanya urhulumente waseBolsonaro. iinzame eziqhubekayo ukundivalela ngenxa yoko; ubhubhani we-Covid-19 emva koko wenza ukuba kube nzima ukuhamba; kunye nendlela yezopolitiko kaNavratilova yahluke kakhulu kweyam, njengoko waba ngumlandeli oqinileyo baphambukile abanenzondelelo yempambano eRussiagate njengoSeth Abramson kunye nabanye abaqhankqalazi be-#Resistance abangabambi, ngokunjalo umgxeki onomsindo kaBernie Sanders kwaye ekugqibeleni, emva kokuba ifilimu iphelile, yam (nto leyo, kum, yenza ukuba ifilimu ibe nomdla ngakumbi kodwa ibenzima ngakumbi ukuyenza).
Kodwa eyona nto yayilibazisa ifilimu, mhlawumbi ngokusisigxina, yayiluthotho lweziqendu ezinxulumene noko kubizwa ngokuba “yinkcubeko yokurhoxisa.” Elo ligama endingalithandiyo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwengcaciso echanekileyo kunye neentsingiselo ezingachanekanga ukuba yinto inoveli - ayiyo - kodwa ayinakuthintelwa xa kubhekiswa iingxoxo eziqhubekayo malunga “nentetho yasimahla.”
Oku akunjalo-ndiyaphinda, hayi - inqaku malunga nendlela endiye ndaxhatshazwa ngayo "yinkcubeko yokurhoxisa" okanye indlela "ukurhoxisa inkcubeko" yamisa le filimu ukuba yenziwe. Akukho nanye kwezi iyinyani: Andizange ndiphathwe kakubi okanye ndithuliswe ngamaqhinga "wokurhoxisa" kwaye ayisiyiyo le nto ibambe ifilimu. Ndisenethemba lokwenza inguqulelo ye-documentary.
Kodwa abanye baxhatshazwa yiyo. Kwaye ngexesha lokuphuhlisa ifilimu, kwavela iziqendu ezininzi ezinomdla ezibonisayo, ukuba azikho umboniso ococekileyo, wento ebizwa ngokuba "yinkcubeko yokurhoxisa," ebandakanya abafazi ababini be-LGBT abanobuchule kunye nabangoovulindlela abenzi befilimu abasebenzisa iitalente zabo ze-cinematic. ngokukhawuleza ukuqhubela phambili ukubonakala kunye nokulingana, kunye noNavratilova ngokwakhe. Ngenxa yokuqhambuka kwamva nje kweempikiswano ezijikeleze olu tshintsho “lwenkcubeko yokurhoxisa,” kubonakala kufundisa ukuchaza nokuvavanya ezi ziqendu.
Isinyathelo sokuqala emva kokusayina isivumelwano sethu sophuhliso kunye nenkampani ye-Witherspoon yayikufumana umlawuli kwaye, ngaphaya koko, umntu oza kusebenzisana ekubumbeni zonke iinkalo zefilimu. Ngoko nangoko ndazi ukuba ndifuna bani: uKimberly Peirce, owayekhokele ifilimu engaqhelekanga neyothusayo ka-1999 ethi “Amakhwenkwe Akakhali.”
Loo filimu yayisekelwe kwibali lokwenyani likaBrandon Teena, umfana owayedlwengulwa waza wabulawa eNebraska kwi-1993 emva nje kweeveki emva kokuguqula i-21. Njengomdlali wefilimu ongaziwayo kwiminyaka eyi-25 okanye kunjalo, uPeirce waqala ukusebenza kwibali phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990s ngexesha apho kwakungekho mbonakalo yangaphandle, ngakumbi eHollywood ngakumbi kumadoda ahambayo, ingcamango abambalwa ngelo xesha babeyazi ukuba ikhona.
U-Peirce walwa iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu ukuze enze ifilimu. Igqibele ngokuba yimpumelelo eyothusayo: iveliswe ngaphantsi kwe-2 yezigidi zeerandi, yafumana ngaphezulu kwe-20 yezigidi zeerandi kwiirisithi zeofisi yebhokisi kumazwe ngamazwe. Okuphawuleka ngakumbi kukuba, yafumana iwonga le-Academy yokuchongwa koyena owayesaziwa ngelo xesha uChloë Sevigny njengoMdlali oMkhulu oxhasayo, ngelixa u-Hilary Swank ongacacanga wakhethwa yiAkhademi phezu kukaMeryl Streep, uJulianne Moore, kunye noAnnette Bening njengoMdlali oBalaseleyo ngendima yakhe njengoTeena. . Ukuze adlale indima, uPeirce wayefuna ukuba uSwank oneminyaka engama-24 aphile njengendoda iinyanga ngaphambi kokuba afote. Impumelelo ethi “Amakhwenkwe Angalili” yenza uPeirce waba ngomnye wabalawuli abancinci abafunwa kakhulu eHollywood.
Impumelelo kaPeirce ethi “Boys Don Not Cry” iye yavelisa umba wobundlobongela obujoliswe kubantu abaguqulela abantu kwintetho yesiqhelo. Ekunye noSwank, uPeirce wathetha ngoBrandon Teena, ubundlobongela obusekwe ngokwesini, kunye nesazisi esigqithisiweyo kwi "Charlie Rose Show" kwi1999:
Ngokuzenzekelayo, ndandimazi kwaye ndandingumhlobo kaPeirce kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Asizange sifunde kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo esinye, kodwa besingabaphambili kwiingxoxo-mpikiswano kwizikolo zethu zamabanga aphakamileyo, nosukuzwano lwethu olunzulu. Sasidla ngokudibana kumdlalo wokugqibela wetumente zelizwe lonke. Ngaphandle kosukuzwano, saba nobuhlobo obusenyongweni, kwaye kwakusoloko kucacile kum ukuba uPeirce, oqaqambileyo kunye nobuzibuthe babucace gca nangelo xesha, uya kwenza uphawu olukhulu kwihlabathi.
Nangona singazange siqhubeke nobuhlobo bethu emva kwekholeji, kwaye ngoko singakhange sithethe ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini, kwakukho ubuhlobo obusondeleyo kunye nokufudumala okubonakala ngokukhawuleza okokuqala xa ndifowunela malunga nokulawula ifilimu, ngokungathi ubuhlobo bethu abuzange buphazamiseke. . Kutyelelo lokuqala, sagqiba kwelokuba sincokole ngeNavratilova, ifilimu nobomi kangangeeyure ezimbini. Ukwazi kwam uPeirce xa ndandikwishumi elivisayo, nto leyo eyayiza kuhlolisiswa yile filimu, kwenza kwabonakala ngathi indalo yayisihlanganisele kulo msebenzi.
Njengoko sasiphonononga indlela ifilimu enokwenziwa ngayo, saphinda sajongana nobomi bomnye nomnye. Kunye nomyeni wam, ekugqibeleni sadibana kwaye satya eSan Francisco emva kokuba ndithethe kwinkomfa yamalungelo ezilwanyana. Ndafunda ukuba u-Peirce uphume njenge-lesbian kwi-20s yakhe, kwaye njengolwelo lwesini emva koko. U-Peirce ubalise ngophononongo lobuqu lwesini, enxibe i-tuxedos kwimiboniso yamabhaso aseHollywood kwaye ekhululeka ngakumbi evakalisa esidlangalaleni inxalenye yobudoda yobudoda.
Enye into endiyifundileyo yenzeke kuPeirce emva kokumenywa ngo-2016 ukuba athethe malunga ne-"Boys Musa Ukulila" kwiKholeji yaseReed e-Oregon. Intetho yayiza kuqhubeka emva kokuboniswa kwalo mboniso bhanyabhanya. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba uPeirce ezama ukuqala ukuthetha, abafundi abaqhankqalazi bagxalathelana eqongeni baqalisa ukukhala nokuthuka kunye ne-epithets. Imiqondiso yayithunyelwe ejolise kuPeirce efundeka ngolu hlobo: “Fuck Transphobia Yakho,” “AwuyiFuthi Yifumane,” kunye “Fuck this Cis White Bitch.” Ngaphezulu kweeyure ezimbini, abafundi abakhwazayo bengavumi ukuba uPeirce athethe kwaye bafunga ukuba bangaze bavumele umcimbi wenzeke eReed. U-Peirce wema etyholwa nge-transphobia.
Kwenzeka njani ukuba umalathisi ongekho mbindi wesinye sezona bhanyabhanya zakha zaveliswa yiHollywood waba lutshaba olunogonyamelo lwaba bavukeli bade babonwa bengendawo engenakulungiseka kangangokuba abafundi bakaReed bangawuva umcimbi? Batyhola uPeirce ngokuba ngumntu owenza inzuzo kubomi obuguquguqukayo kunye nelungelo "lomfazi wecis" ngokuphosa omnye umfazi wecis, uSwank, kwindima kaTeena, kunokuba abe ngumdlali weqonga.
U-Peirce wazama ukucacisa ukuba, nangona wayefuna ukuphosa umdlali we-trans male kunye nodliwano-ndlebe nabaninzi, ngelo xesha akazange akwazi ukufumana umdlali wesilisa ovulekileyo waseHollywood onokuthwala ifilimu ngendlela uSwank akwazi ngayo; ukuba uPeirce wayengengowesifazane we-cisgender kodwa ulwelo lwesini; ukuba imeko yokuphoswa kukaSwank kwakufuneka aphile njengendoda iinyanga ngaphambi kokuba adubule; nokuba i-Oscar eyaphumelela u-Swank phezu kwabadlali be-actress abadumileyo baseHollywood yayibubungqina bokuba wenza ubulungisa kuTeena.
U-Peirce uphinde wachaza into eyathethwa ngu-Swank ngokwakhe xa esamkela i-Oscar emva nje kokumkelwa nguPeirce: ukuba akukho mntu wenza imali kwifilimu kwaye endaweni yoko wayenza njengomsebenzi onzima wothando, eyazi ingozi yomsebenzi (Swank's Intlawulo epheleleyo yefilimu yayiyi-3,000 yeedola):
Kodwa ithuba lokuchaza nayiphi na loo nto laphazamiseka. Njengonjingalwazi waseColumbia uJack Halberstam - ongengomntu wesibini kwaye wabelwa ibhinqa ekuzalweni kwakhe - nkcukacha kwiblogi yakhe egubungela imiba enqabileyo kwikhampasi, abafundi beReed benza konke okusemandleni ukuthintela ukwenzeka kwesiganeko. “Abafundi abaqhankqalazi basuse iipowusta kuzo zonke iindawo zekhampasi ezibhengeza umboniso kunye nentetho kwaye baseka iqela loqhanqalazo kwaye bafika kwangoko kwi-cinema ngobusuku bovavanyo ukuze baxhome iipowusta,” ubhale watsho, wongeza:
Ezi powusta zivakalise uluhlu lweempendulo kwifilim ezibandakanya: "Awuyifumani!" kunye ne "Fuck Transphobia yakho!" kunye nethi “Trans Lives don’t Equal $$” kwaye ukuyivala yonke, uphawu luxhonywe eqongeni lufundeka ngolu hlobo: “Fuck this cis white nondindwa”!! Abaqhankqalazi balinda de kwasemva kokuba ifilimu ibonisiwe ngokwesicelo sikaPeirce baza bangena eholweni ngelixa bekhwaza besithi “Fuck your respectability political” kwaye bekhwaza ngenxa yenkcazo yakhe de uPeirce walishiya igumbi. Emva kokumisela imithetho esisiseko yengxoxo, uPeirce wabuyela egumbini kodwa incoko yaphinda yaphuma esandleni kwaye ekugqibeleni umfundi wakhwaza uPeirce: “Fuck wena nondindwa woyikayo.” Ngelo xesha abaqhankqalazi bakhupha kwaye uPeirce wayishiya i-campus.
(Ngexesha besisebenza kunye, kwaye kwakhona kwi-imeyile kule veki, uPeirce uchaze ukuphela kwesiquphe kancinci kobusuku kunezo zichazwe ziingxelo zeendaba: Uthe ukwazile ukuhlala kumzamo wokuqiqa nabafundi abafuna yiva intetho, kwaye njengoko abanye abaqhankqalazi bephazamisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye bekhala, bakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo ngaphambi kokuba bahambe).
An umhleli kushicilelo loshishino lolonwabo I-Indie Wire malunga nokuvalwa kwabafundi beReed kwintetho kaPeirce ikakhulu wathatha icala labafundi naxa siphawula ukuba “'Amakhwenkwe Angalili’ yaba yifilim yokuqala ukumela ubudoda obutshintshe isini ngendlela ekholelekayo”; ukuba “'Abafana Abakhali' yifilim ebalulekileyo, ngaxeshanye yonwaba kwaye ikhohlakele; yayiyinguqu-umdlalo ekuboniseni kwayo ubukho be-trans ngelo xesha"; kunye noqhanqalazo lweReed "lunokuba luhlaselo olugwenxa kumenzi wefilimu ohlonitshwayo kunye nenxalenye ebalulekileyo yembali yefilimu ezimeleyo." Nangona kunjalo, yabhengeza, "iya kuba kukungakhathali ukurhoxisa izikhalazo ngokuthe ngqo" kuba "imuvi ibonisa imeko yendoda etshintshe isini, kodwa ayibonisi umntu ogqithisayo."
Ngaba iingxoxo malunga nokuba abalawuli kufuneka baphose abadlali be-LGBT kuphela ukuba badlale iindima ze-LGBT ezifanelekileyo? Ndifanele ukuba. Ngokwam, bendisoloko ndikujonga ukusebenza njengobugcisa apho abantu babandakanya abanye kubandakanya abo bangafaniyo nabo, kunokuba bafane nabo. Kwaye ngakumbi kwixesha apho kwakusenziwa “Amakhwenkwe Angalili”, imfuno yokuba indoda edlulayo kufanele ukuba ifakwe kwindima ebalaseleyo iyaphambuka kuyo nayiphi na into efana nenyani.
Nangona kunjalo, ndiyakubona ngokuqinisekileyo ubunyani bengxoxo ngoku ukuba abalingisi ngokukodwa banqongophele amathuba kwaye kufuneka banikwe imisebenzi kwifilimu xa kunokwenzeka. Kodwa ukukhwaza umntu kwaye umthethise ukuya kwinqanaba apho bathintelwe ekuthetheni nabo bafuna ukubeva ngenxa yokungakwazi kwabo ukuphosa umntu kwifilimu kumashumi amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo bubugebenga kunye nobugunyathi, kwaye ukwenza njalo kumntu okwiprofayile kaPeirce - okubunjwe kukuthatha umngcipheko omkhulu wokwenza le filimu - bubugeza obuphezulu.
Asikokusabela komsindo uPeirce awadibana nakho kwiKholeji yaseReed emele iimvakalelo ngokubanzi malunga nefilimu. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ifumene amawonga aphezulu xa iThala leencwadi leCongress yongezile kwiRejistri yeFilimu yeSizwe. Kwaye uPeirce wandixelela ukuba, ekuboniseni ifilimu kwilizwe lonke, eli yayikuphela kwexesha awayekhe wajamelana nalo. Kodwa uhlaselo lukaPeirce kule khampasi-ebengazimiselanga kugxeka kodwa ukuthula-yayiyothusa. Njengoko uHalberstam wabhalayo, “Kufuneka sikhethe iintshaba zethu ngononophelo olukhulu. Ukuchitha ixesha namandla uqhanqalazela umsebenzi womenzi bhanyabhanya obaluleke kakhulu akuyonkcitho nje kuphela, kukuziphatha kakubi kwaye kuphosakele ingozi yokwenyani yembali yethu."
Njengoko mna noPeirce sisebenza kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo, kwacaca ukuba sinemibono eyahlukeneyo yokudala ifilimu: ubukhulu becala kuba uNavratilova wayenendima enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kukaPeirce njengomntu okwishumi elivisayo kunye nabasetyhini abancinci. Ngoko ke sagqiba ekubeni sikhangele umlawuli omtsha.
Kodwa ukufunda malunga nokwenzekileyo-indlela umsebenzi kaPeirce owothusayo othi “Amakhwenkwe Angalili” uphathwe kwezinye iindawo njengento embi ngendlela engathethekiyo kangangokuba akufuneki nokuba iviwe Ihleli nam kwada kwayile mini. Kwaye kunye nabavelisi endisebenza nabo, ndiye ndachitha ixesha elingeyonyani sixoxa ngendlela le mpikiswano ejikeleze uPeirce enokuthi iyichaphazele njani ifilimu ebesiyenza, ngakumbi xa ibandakanya uninzi lwezihloko ezifanayo.
Umlawuli wethu olandelayo yayifaneleke ngokugqibeleleyo le filimu njengoko uPeirce wayenjalo, kwaye samfumana kunye nohlobo olufanayo lwesantya kunye nokukhululeka okucebisa ukuba kwakumele kube njalo. Umhlobo osebenza kwilizwe lefilimu, esazi ukuba ndikhangela umlawuli omtsha, ucetyise ukuba ndibukele "Oonyana bolahleko," i-documentary ka-2008 kaKimberly Reed malunga nexesha lakhe lokuqala ebuyela ekhaya eMontana, apho akhulele khona nalapho usapho lwakhe. wayesaphila, emva kokuba ngumfazi ogqithisayo.
Lo mboniso bhanya-bhanya wawukhethekile, wawuchasa konke ulindelo lwam malunga nokuba kuya kuba yintoni na. Ukuva isishwankathelo-umfazi ophucukileyo ohlala nenkosikazi yakhe eManhattan ubuyela eMontana ukuyothusa abantu balapha ngotshintsho lwakhe - bendilindele ukuzithoba kunye nokugxeka ngendlela i-rubes yamandulo e-Montana esabela ngayo ngokungakhuli kunye noburhalarhume xa ndifunda ukuba i-blond high. i-jock yesikolo - ngokoqobo i-quarterback yeenkwenkwezi kwiqela lebhola lebhola - ngoku yayingumfazi. “Oonyana bolahleko” babechasene naloo caricature; yayichukumisa ngokuphawulekayo, ifilimu yobuntu, ekrwada, kunye nenyanisekileyo eyayiphatha abantu bayo, kunye nomxholo wayo, ngentlonipho enkulu kwaye ke ngoko ihlala ichitha ulindelo.
Ndazi nje ukuba ndigqibile ukubukela ifilimu ukuba ndifuna uReed aqondise ifilimu yam malunga neNavratilova. Ndakhwela inqwelo moya ukuya eNew York nomyeni wam saza sadibana noReed nomfazi wakhe kwaye, kwisidlo sangokuhlwa, saxoxa ngobomi bethu kunye nefilimu. Yonke into yacofa. UReed ukrelekrele kakhulu, unokuqonda, kwaye unovelwano. Ngokucacileyo uchithe ixesha elininzi ecinga ngendlela umntu agqitha ngayo kumyalelo woluntu, kwaye ifilimu yakhe yayibubungqina benkalipho bokuzihlola, umxholo ophambili wefilimu ebesizimisele ukuyenza.
Nkqu nebhayiloji yakhe yayihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nam kunye nefilimu: NjengoPeirce, uReed wazalwa kwangaloo nyaka ndandinguye. Akazange athande u-Navratilova ebutsheni bakhe kodwa-kunye nokuba ngumfundi we-quarterback kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo-wayekwangukapteni weqela lakhe lentenetya. Kwaye njengoPeirce, uReed wayenguvulindlela ekusebenziseni ifilimu ukutofa ukubonakala okugqithileyo kunye neengxoxo zesazisi esigqithisiweyo kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo. Ngo-2010, u-Oprah Winfrey wabukela "Oonyana bolahleko" kwaye wachukunyiswa yiyo kangangokuba wayenoReed kumboniso wakhe, wadumisa ifilimu, kwaye wenza into ngexesha layo yayiyingxoxo enzulu, enovelwano, kunye neyinkimbinkimbi yesazisi se-transgender:
Ifilimu yesibini eyenziwe nguReed, ifilimu ka-2018 ethi "Imali Emnyama," ubuncinci ibinomtsalane njengo "Oonyana Bolahleko." Ukuphonononga indlela imali yenkampani engafumanekiyo eyonakalisa ngayo inkqubo yedemokhrasi - ngokugxila ekungcolisekeni kwezopolitiko zaseMontana - nayo, ithintele zonke izithintelo kwaye yabhukuqa konke okulindelweyo. Kunokuba bakhuphe iiDemokhrasi kunye nenkululeko njengamaxhoba angenakuzinceda emali emnyama ye-GOP - indlela esemgangathweni esixoxwa ngayo esi sihloko - uReed ugxininise kwindlela abantu baseRiphabhlikhi abachasene noshishino kwilizwe lakhe bajoliswa ngayo, banyeliswa, kwaye basuswa eofisini ngenxa yeminqweno yeshishini emdaka njengoko. isohlwayo sako nakuphi na ukutenxa kwi-ajenda yequmrhu.
Okukhona mna noReed sincokola, kokukhona sisebenza kunye sibumba into eya kuba yifilimu, kokukhona ndiqiniseka ngakumbi ukuba ndilifumene iqabane elifezekileyo. Imincili yam malunga neprojekthi yafikelela incopho yayo njengoko sasiqala ukugqibezela isivumelwano sakhe kunye nokucwangcisa uhambo lwakhe lokuqala lokuya eBrazil ukuya kuqalisa ukwenza ifilimu.
Kodwa ke, ngoDisemba 2018, yonke into yatshintsha. U-Navratilova ubone iifoto ezifakwe kwi-Twitter yowesifazane ogqithisiweyo, ngaphandle kokwenza utyando lokwabelana ngesondo, wayekhuphisana njengembaleki enobuchule kwimidlalo yabasetyhini, ngakumbi ukukhwela ibhayisekile. Lo mfazi ugqithisayo wayengakhuphisani nje kuphela kodwa eqala ukuphumelela, ngamanye amaxesha ngendlela eyongamileyo, nangona, phakathi kwiminyaka yakhe yama-30, wayesele egqithile kukhuphiswano lwebhayisikile. U-Navratilova waqaphela ukuba wayezoyisa iimbaleki zabasetyhini abaziingcali ababengabafazi be-cis kwaye baphile ubomi babo bonke, kwaye badlula ebusheni, njengabasetyhini.
Bekungacaci ncam ukuba yeyiphi ifoto ebonwe nguNavratilova, kodwa ndiyakholelwa ukuba sesona sisetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-Intanethi ukucaphukisa abantu ukuba bachase ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabasetyhini kwimidlalo yobuchwephesha, ngakumbi abasetyhini bangaphambi kotyando. Yayiyifoto engezantsi yomkhweli webhayisikile uVeronica Ivy, owayesakuba nguRachel McKinnon. Ivy, ukongeza ukuba yintshatsheli yomkhweli webhayisikile wabasetyhini emva kotshintsho lwakhe, uye waba ngumxhasi wezwi wokuvumela abasetyhini ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwimidlalo. Kwiminyaka engama-37 ubudala, inike ingxelo yejenali yomjikelo weBhayisekile ngo-2019, "URachel McKinnon uye walawula ukhuphiswano kwi-Masters Track Cycling World Championships eManchester, eNgilani, kule mpelaveki iphelileyo, ebhiyozela isihloko sakhe sesibini esilandelelanayo sehlabathi kunye nerekhodi lehlabathi kumbaleko weemitha ezingama-200."
Kwi-Twitter - eyona ndawo imbi kakhulu yokuxoxa ngayo nantoni na, kodwa iingxoxo ezintsonkothileyo ezinxulumene nokulingana-uNavratilova, emva kokubona ifoto, wazibuza ngokuvakalayo ukuba ngaba abasetyhini abangakhange benze utyando lokwabelana ngesondo kwaye baphile uninzi lobomi babo. njengoko amadoda kufuneka akwazi ukukhuphisana kwimidlalo yabasetyhini. Ngaba abantu ababelwe amadoda ekuzalweni kwaye badlule ebusheni kwaye baphuhlise ubunzima bemisipha kunye nezinye iimpawu zesibini banenzuzo engafanelekanga nokuba bathatha amahomoni amangaphi, uNavratilova wayebonakala ecamngca ngokuvakalayo? (Bekubuza lo mbuzo mnye malunga nobulungisa bomfazi we-trans kwimidlalo yobuchwephesha, ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, kubangela ukuba abantu babhale ipodcaster uJoe Rogan i-anti-trans bigot).
Eyona nto ekugqibeleni yabangela eyona mpikiswano yayikukugxila kuka-Navratilova kubukho belungu lobudoda ekubuzeni lo mbuzo. Ilungu lobudoda kunye namasende, wona ngokwawo, awaniki nzuzo yokukhuphisana kugqatso lwebhayisikile, njengokuba ukususwa kwawo ngotyando kungenzi mqobo. Kodwa kubantu besizukulwana sikaNavratilova, ukuba ngumfazi ogqithisiweyo ngokwenkcazo kubandakanya ukwenza utyando lokwabelana ngesondo ukuze kususwe ilungu lobufazi eliyindoda kunye nebele elakhiweyo - njengomqeqeshi kunye nomhlobo wakhe uRenée Richards ngaphambi kokunyanzelisa ilungelo lokukhuphisana. ukhenketho lwentenetya lwabasetyhini.
Kumatsha ntliziyo eso sizukulwana, ukuba nelungu lobudoda kunye nokuba ngumfazi kwakuyinto eyodwa, ngakumbi xa kufikelelwa kwilungelo lokukhuphisana nabanye abafazi ngemali, amabhaso, kunye nozuko. Ke, kuNavratilova, kwakungekho nto malunga nokuthatha inxaxheba kuka-Ivy kwimidlalo yobuchwephesha ethi, ubuncinci xa uyijonga kuqala, yabonakala ilungile okanye inengqondo kuNavratilova, nangona inyani yokuba u-Ivy kunye nomnye umfazi ogqithisiweyo kwakufuneka bathathe naphi na phakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezingama-24 zehomoni. unyango phambi kokuba uvunyelwe ukukhuphisana.
Yonke le nto ikhokelele uNavratilova, kwi-tweet ecinyiweyo ngoku evileyo 'ihlabathi jikelele, okanye ubuncinci kwiindawo ezininzi eziguquguqukayo ze-Twitter, ukuba azibuze ekhwaza: "Ngokucacileyo ayinakulunga loo nto. Awunakuvele uzibhengeze ukuba ungumfazi kwaye ukwazi ukukhuphisana nabasetyhini. Kufuneka kubekho imigangatho ethile, kwaye ukuba nelungu lobudoda kunye nokukhuphisana njengowasetyhini akunakuwufanela loo mgangatho…”
Kuthatha ingqikelelo encinci ukuqikelela ukuba ithini impendulo kule tweet. Izigxeko ze-Navratilova njenge-anti-trans-bigot zazikhawuleza, zikhawuleza, kwaye zikhohlakele, kwaye bathatha i-zero akhawunti yobomi bakhe, ukuzinikela kobuvulindlela kukulingana kwe-LGBT, kubandakanywa nokuzincama okubanzi kunye nokuzinzayo awakwenzayo ngokuba nomfazi ogqithisayo njengomqeqeshi amashumi eminyaka. eyadlulayo xa abafazi gay, ukuba athethe nto abafazi trans, bonke kodwa engabonakali. Konke oku kutshatyalaliswa kunye nokuzincama ngenkalipho ngeenkolelo zakhe kwacinywa nge-tweet enye.
Izigwebo zazikhokelwa nguIvy ngokwakhe, owathi ezibhengeziweyo, "Kulungile, qikelela ukuba i-Navratilova i-transphobic." Ivy emva koko ikhutshwe imiyalelo yakhe yokumatsha: "Unokuzicima ii-tweets kwaye endaweni yazo axolise." Uninzi lwe-Twitter lwalutyholwa ngezityholo zokuba i-Navratilova - ngenxa ye-tweet enye - yayingumntu omkhulu kunye notshaba lwe-trans movement.
U-Navratilova ngokwakhe wazama, ngokuqinisekileyo, akazange aphumelele, ukucela ukuqonda kunye nesisa ukuze atolike umbuzo wakhe obuzwa ngokunyanisekileyo, ecela ukuba isikreqo sakhe sibekwe kumxholo wobomi bakhe obude. Ku-Ivy, wabhala, “Kuba kum kubonakala ngathi amashumi eminyaka ndithetha ngokuchaseneyo nontswela-bulungisa kunye nokungalingani akunani konke konke… ngoko ndonele koku…”
I-activist yabasetyhini kunye ne-Navy SEAL yangaphambili walinganisa ukuxelela uIvy namaqabane akhe: "UNdizizihlobo ezisondeleyo @Martina & ndikuxelele 100% she is NOT transphobic…Unokuchazelwa phosakeleyo ngesihloko NJENGAMANINGI eluntwini….Asinguye wonke umntu othanda ukuzonda kwaye unenzondo ukuba kukho ukungavisisani. #fundisa.” Obu bungqina malunga nomlingiswa kaNavratilova ovela kwi-activist kunye nezibongozo zakhe zokuba "afundise" kunokuba agxeke, ngokuqinisekileyo, zatshitshiswa ngokukhawuleza njengendoda. Ndine-i-trans-umhlobo i-trivia.
Ayiphelelanga nje ekubeni uNavratilova abe ngumxhasi wamalungelo otshintshiselwano kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo xa babembalwa, ngakumbi abo baneqonga likawonke-wonke, kodwa uye waqhubeka engumchasi oqinileyo wokuchasa ubutshaba. Ngo-2017, yena yagxeka iinzame Ukuthi, ngamazwi akhe, "Hlambulula abantu abaTshintsho kuBomi baseMelika" - awathi uNavratilova wabiza "imfesane" kwaye wafunga wathi: "Oku akuyi kuma, icala elingalunganga lembali." Kwangaloo nyaka, uNavratilova igwetywe ngokuqatha nangokuphandle Igqala lentenetya uMargaret Court ngamagqabaza abukhali malunga nabantu abatshintshayo.
If Martina Navratilova lutshaba olukhulu lwesizathu sokubandakanywa kunye nokulingana, ngoobani abalingane bayo abakhanyisiweyo?
Kodwa uIvy wayengekho kwimeko yokuqonda okanye imeko; wayelapho ukuze agxeke, engancokoli, eyisele, okanye akhulise ukuqonda. Wasikhaba ngendelelo isicelo sika-Navratilova sokuba athathele ingqalelo umsebenzi wakhe wobomi njengesiphazamiso kumbandela okhoyo, into engabalulekanga kangako: “Ayitshintshi into yokuba wenze into engalunganga namhlanje, hayi. Imisebenzi emihle yangaphambili ayimniki umntu ipase namhlanje.”
Emva koko uNavratilova wangena kwimodi yokuguquka ngokupheleleyo. Yena waxolisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-tweet yakhe yokuqala. Uye wafunga ukuba uza kuzicima naziphi na iitweets ezifunyenwe zikhubekisa abantu abagqithisayo, egxininisa ukuba uthethe engakhange awucinge umcimbi ngokwaneleyo kwaye engakhange aziswe. Yena wafunga wathi cwaka, ethembisa ukuba uza kuphulaphula aze angaphindi athethe ngaloo mbandela de akwazi ukuzichaza ngokufanelekileyo.
Kodwa akukho nanye kwezi yayilungile ngokwaneleyo. Nasemva kokucima i-tweets ekhubekisayo kunye nokuxolisa, uNavratilova waqhubeka ebizwa ngokuba yi-anti-trans bigot. Waxelelwa ukuba "wenzakalise" abantu abagqithisayo kwaye ukucima ii-tweets zakhe kunye nokucela uxolo akwanelanga. Waxelelwa ukuba akazange ahlaselwe yaye agwetywe, kodwa “wayephenduliswa” ngabo wayebenzakalisile.
UNavratilova, njengoko wayethembisile, akazange aphinde athethe ngale miba kwiinyanga ezimbini. Xa ekugqibeleni wayenza, yabangela uqhushumbo kule ngxoxo.
NgoFebruwari 17, 2019, kwi i-op-ed kwi-London Times, wapapasha umhlathi obalisa ukuba wayethembise ukuwuhlolisisa ngokubhekele phaya lo mbandela yaye, ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ngenkalipho nangokungenaloyiko wathi: “Ewe, ndiyenzile ngoku yaye, ukuba kukho nantoni na, iimbono zam zomelele.”
Akazange aqinisekise nje umbono wakhe wokuba kwakungekho sikweni ukuba abasetyhini be-trans bagqibe ngokuchasene nabasetyhini be-cis kwimidlalo yobuchwephesha, kodwa ngoku uye waya phambili, echaza ukuba luhlobo "lokuqhatha," ngakumbi xa utyando lokwabelana ngesondo lungafunekiyo kodwa endaweni yoko. irejimeni yonyango lwehomoni enokubuyiselwa nangaliphi na ixesha. Navratilova wabhala wathi:
Ukubeka ingxabano kweyona nto isisiseko: indoda inokugqiba ekubeni yibhinqa, ithathe iincindi zamadlala ukuba ifunwa nguwo nawuphi na umbutho wezemidlalo ochaphazelekayo, iphumelele yonke into ebonwayo kwaye mhlawumbi ifumane intywenka yemali, emva koko ijike isigqibo sayo ize ibuyele ekwenzeni iintsana. ukuba unqwenela njalo….Kuphambene kwaye kukuqhatha. Ndonwabile ukuthetha nomntu obhinqileyo otshintshe isini nangaluphi na uhlobo alukhethayo, kodwa andizukonwaba ukukhuphisana naye. Bekungayi kulunga.
Okwenzeka apha kubonakala kucacile. U-Navratilova waqala ngokubuza umbuzo onyanisekileyo, lowo usezingqondweni zabantu abaninzi njengoko bebukele olu tshintsho lunzulu lwentlalo yoluntu kodwa bengenalwazi malunga nesayensi kunye namabango athile aceliwe ukuthethelela olu tshintsho. Emva kokuba ecatshulwe ngaphandle kwenceba okanye ukuqonda, oko kwamenza waziva ekwahlukanisiwe nabo babemtyhola.
Ukubukela olu hlaselo lwaseNavratilova, abaphembeleli be-anti-trans eBhritane yaseJK Rowling-i-Ground Zero yeemvakalelo ezichasene ne-trans-translation - ngokukhawuleza baliqonda ithuba lokufumana umhlobo oxabisekileyo kwisizathu sabo: ibhinqa elenze njengaye nabani na kwimbali yanamhlanje ukwenza. kunokwenzeka ukuba abafazi bakhuphisane kwinqanaba lezorhwebo elilinganayo kwimidlalo yobungcali. Kwaye ke i-manifesto kaNavratilova yavela kwelona phepha likhulu lokusekwa lase-UK. Le isenokungabi yinkqubo yokucinga esengqiqweni okanye ebekekileyo, kodwa yeyomntu: Kungokwemvelo ukugxothwa ngabo babonakala benomdla ngakumbi ekuhlaseleni nasekukubhuqeni nababonakala befuna ukukungcungcuthekisa ukuba uzithobe, kunokuba bazame ukukuhlasela. bakucenge kwaye bakuzuzele kwinjongo yabo ngesizathu kunye nengxoxo.
Kubonakala ngathi kuqinisekileyo ukuba umqeqeshi wakudala kaNavratilova kunye nomhlobo wakhe, uRenée Richards, naye udlale indima eqinisekileyo kumdlalo wakhe we-didactic. Emva kokuba ipapashwe, iRichards uxelele iThe Telegraph ukuba wavumelana noNavratilova: “Ingcamango yokuba ubani unokuthabatha iincindi zamadlala aze agqalwe njengomfazi ngaphandle kotyando lokwabelana ngesondo kwakhona iyancomeka ngokombono wam.” Ngokutsho kweThe Telegraph, uRichards “kwaye wachaza ukuba ngewayengazange akhuphisane njengebhinqa ukuba wayetshintshe kwiminyaka yakhe yama-20 kune-40 kuba ‘wayewabetha amabhinqa ade abe mnyama.’” UNavratilova i-tweet ngokukhawuleza udliwanondlebe: "Umhlobo wam uRenee Richards :)."
Ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into, esi yayisisikhumbuzo esiqaqambileyo sendlela amajelo osasazo eendaba azijika ngayo iingxoxo-mpikiswano ezibuthathaka ukuya kuthi ga apho incoko kunye nokuqonda kungenzeki. I-ethos yengxabano kunye nokutshabalalisa - "ukucinywa," ukuba kufuneka - uguqule abantu ukusuka kwindawo yabo yokuqala yokufuna ukuqonda kunye nokubonisa ukuthobeka kumaqhawe azinikele ekubhubhiseni abagxeki babo ukuze batshatyalaliswe kuqala. Wonke umntu ubuyela kwiimbombo zakhe zomkhosi kwaye azilungiselele idabi. Umsindo (kunye noloyiko) ngenxa yokuphathwa kakubi ngokungenalusini kubangela ukugrumba ngokungagungqiyo nangokungaguqukiyo kuluvo lokuqala olwalubanjwe, oluthi ke lube yimfundiso engashukumiyo.
Njengabantu bobuzwe, abanethuku elomeleleyo lokusinda, akukho namnye kuthi ongakhuselekanga kwezi ziphumo zithob’ isidima seemfazwe zentetho ezidlalwa phambi kwabaphulaphuli abakhwazayo kunye nakwiziqwengana ezimfutshane zemiyalezo engavumeli ukuba buthathaka okanye ukuthomalalisa. Ngamanye amaxesha, kubonakala ngathi siye saphoswa kumlo ofana ne-gladiator ukufa ngenxa yodumo lwethu, ngelixa abalandeli abakhwazayo belinde kwaye bavuyele naluphi na uphawu lwegazi. Into yokugqibela umntu athambekele ukuyenza kumsesane wegladiator kukufuna unxibelelwano kunye nabachasi bakhe okanye abonise ukuthobeka okanye ubuthathaka. Kwaye iqhubeka njalo intetho yethu phezu kweyona mibuzo intsonkothileyo kunye neveliveli yemibuzo yentlalo, iya ivaleleka kwindawo engafanelekanga yemidiya yoluntu.
Nokuba zeziphi na izizathu zendlela kaNavratilova, nakuphi na ukuzimisela kwicala lamaqela aqhelekileyo e-LGBT ukwandisa ukuqonda kwakhe kwiitweets zikaDisemba kuye kwaguquka kwakupapashwa le kaFebruwari, njengoko wayesazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kuya kwenzeka. I-Navratilova - i-LGBT icon kunye novulindlela wesifazane kwimidlalo - yayiyiyo ugxothiwe ukusuka kwimbaleki uAlly, iqela elixhasa iimbaleki ze-LGBT. Kwisiteyitimenti salo, eli qela lathi inqaku likaNavratilova "liyi-transphobic, esekwe ekuqondeni okungeyonyani kwesayensi kunye nedatha, kwaye liqhubekisela phambili iintsomi eziyingozi ezikhokelela ekujoliseni okuqhubekayo kwabantu abadlulayo ngemithetho yocalucalulo, iinkolelo ezinentiyo kunye nobundlobongela obungalinganiyo."
Ukubhekisa kwitweets zakhe zangaphambili, iqela longezelele:
Esi ayisosihlandlo sokuqala siye saya kuMartina kwesi sihloko. Ekupheleni kukaDisemba, wenza amagqabantshintshi akhathazayo kuwo onke amajelo osasazo eendaba malunga nokukwazi ukuba iimbaleki zikhuphisane kwezemidlalo. Siye safikelela ngokuthe ngqo sinikezela ukuba sisixhobo njengoko ebefuna imfundo eyongezelelekileyo, kwaye asizange sive mva.
Amanye amaqela e-LGBT nawo ayehlaba ngendlela efanayo ekugxekeni kwawo. "Sikhathazeke kakhulu kukufumanisa ukuba uMartina Navratilova ungumntu othanda abantu," TransActualUK. tweeted. CNN ingxelo i-LGBT "umqolo" ngokuchasene naye. Izihloko yabonakala kwihlabathi jikelele ixilongo lokuba uNavratilova "waxoshwa" kwiqela le-LGBT labameli.
Andikhumbuli iziganeko ezininzi zezopolitiko ezandothusa kakhulu njengokubukela uMartina Navratilova, kubo bonke abantu, engagxekwa nje ngamagqabaza akhe - ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba yinto esengqiqweni ukuyenza: Amanqaku aliqela avela kwi-op-ed yakhe nawo abonakala ngathi. engandicengi-kodwa ideliwe, ikhexiwe, kwaye yabhengezwa njengomntu omkhulu ongaphindanga wakhiwe, umntu ongafanelanga ukusebenzisana. UMartina Navratilova: i-outcast, i-anti-trans hater, i-bigot. Kusandimangaza nangoku ukubona ezo labels zifakwe kuye.
Iphazanyiswe ngokulinganayo ngu esi siganeko sasiyiKimberly Reed, kwithuba lokutyikitya ukuqondisa ifilimu yam xa konke oku kwenzeka. Emva komjikelo wokuqala we-tweets ka-Navratilova ngoDisemba, siye saxoxa ngesi siqendu kunye noReed, ngelixa bevumelana nam ukuba babelahlekile kwaye bengazi, babonakala bekholelwa ukuba bavela kwindawo yokudideka, kungekhona ububi.
Nasemva kokupapashwa kwe-op-ed, loo mbono wesisa weenjongo zikaNavratilova wawubonakala ungowona mbono uphambili kaReed wento eyenzekileyo, kodwa ngoku inkxalabo yakhe yayiphakame kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, uReed wayenexhala lokuba naliphi na ilinge lokusebenzisa ifilimu ukuphonononga le mpikiswano ityebileyo nentsonkothileyo uNavratilova kunye nabagxeki bakhe bebesandula ukuyidala - into ebekucaca ukuba kuya kufuneka siyenze - iya kwenziwa ingenzeki ngendlela enetyhefu, ezivalekileyo, yobuqu. -ekhuselayo, enomkhosi, ekhuselayo, kwaye emiliselwe kwicala ngalinye yaba.
Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ze-op-ed kaNavratilova, uReed wandifowunela esithi ngenxa yezi zinto zixhalabisayo, wayecinga kakhulu ukuyeka njengomlawuli wefilimu. Ekuqaleni oku kwakungekho ngqiqweni kum: Nokuba, ndacinga kwaye ndathi, ufumana izimvo zikaNavratilova zigxotha, ngaba oko akwenzi nje ukuba ifilimu ibe nomdla ngakumbi, inike umaleko owongezelelweyo wokuhlola? Ngapha koko, asenzi i-hagiography kodwa sivavanya ngokunyanisekileyo i-Navratilova kunye nefuthe lakhe kubomi bam, kuzo zonke iindawo zayo ezilungileyo nezimbi.
Kodwa kuye kwacaca kum ukuba iinkxalabo zikaReed zazahlukile kunoko ndandicinga ekuqaleni: Wayebuza ukuba, ngenxa yokuba ingxabano yayimbi kangakanani na, singakwazi ukuba nohlobo lwengxoxo kunye nombuzo okhanyayo kaNavratilova malunga nomtsha wakhe. Impikiswano yokuba ingqibelelo yomboniso bhanyabhanya ifuna ukuba siyibandakanye ngokubalaseleyo. Iinzame zam ezizingisileyo zokweyisela uReed ukuba akufuneki ukuba ayeke kule projekthi - iqhube inkolelo yam yokuba usengoyena mdibanisi nogqibeleleyo - yabangela ukuba alinde iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba athathe isigqibo, ajonge ukuba uNavratilova angavulelwa ukuba acinge. Ingxoxo malunga neembono zakhe ezisandul' ukuvezwa kunye nempikiswano eyaqhambuka ngakuye.
Oko kulibaziseka kwisigqibo sikaReed kwasenza salungiselela intlanganiso phakathi kwakhe noNavratilova kwitumente yentenetya yase-Indian Wells eCalifornia eyayibanjwa minyaka le ngoMatshi, apho uNavratilova wayesebenza njengomhlalutyi weTV. UReed watya isidlo sangokuhlwa kunye noNavratilova kunye nearhente yakhe, kunye nabavelisi befilimu, kodwa akukho nto yanciphisa inkxalabo kaReed.
Ukuba kukho nantoni na, uReed wayebonakala ephumile kweso sidlo sangokuhlwa eqiniseke ngakumbi kunangaphambili ukuba wayengenako ukukhokela ifilimu. U-Navratilova, wayevakalelwa kukuba, wayevaleleke kwithemba lokuhlola ukuba yintoni eyayinokuba yimibuzo ebangel' umdla eyayiphenjelelwa yile ngxoxo: indlela imibutho yamalungelo oluntu eguquka ngayo; indlela imifanekiso eshukumayo emincinci enokuthi ijongwe njengongaguqukiyo okanye ephendulayo njengoko imos itshintsha nanjengala magorha entshukumo ebudala; kwaye yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi konobangela wamalungelo amafanasini, ubufazi, kunye nohlobo olutsha olulawulayo lwe-trans ideology. Emva kokubhabha egoduka eNew York, wafowuna ezisa iindaba ezimbi: Akazange abone ndlela yokwenza ifilimu ngendlela avakalelwa ngayo ukuba kufuneka yenziwe.
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, bendisenengxaki yokuqonda ingqiqo yakhe: Kutheni bekuyimfuneko ukuvumelana nazo zonke iimbono zikaNavratilova, okanye njengaye, ukuze ndenze le filimu? Kubonakala kum, ngendlela ehlekisayo, ukuba zonke iimpawu ezenze ukuba uNavratilova athandeke kwaye andikhuthaze xa ndikwishumi elivisayo-ukwala kwakhe ngokungenaloyiko ukuthobela iimfuno zoluntu okanye ukubeka phambili ubungcwele boluntu ngaphezu kokuzenzela kwakhe - yinto eyaqhubayo. kwimpikiswano yakhe yamva nje, apho mna ngokobuqu ndafumanisa ukuba isikhundla sakhe siyathandabuzeka kakhulu (andifuni kukwazi ngokwaneleyo malunga nesayensi ukuba ndichaze ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba zeziphi iiprothokholi ezifunekayo ukuze amabhinqa atshintshe inxaxheba ngokufanelekileyo kwimidlalo yabasetyhini). Kwaye ndisakholelwa ukuba uNavratilova wayekhuthazwa yiyo yonke into ngaphandle kobubi kunye nobuqhetseba - ukuba wayeqhutywa ngokuyinhloko yinkolelo yakhe, nokuba iphosakele, ukuba ukuthetha kwakhe ngale ndlela kwakuyimfuneko ukukhusela ingqibelelo yento ayichitha iminyaka yobomi bakhe ekuncedeni. ukwakha nokunyusa: imidlalo yobungcali yabasetyhini.
Kodwa okukhona ndithetha noReed osoloko ecinga kwaye onolwazelelelo, kokukhona ndaya ndiyiqonda indlela acinga ngayo. Ukuba le ngxoxo idlalwe kumajelo asekuhlaleni - kwi-Twitter yazo zonke iindawo - yayingcolisekile kwaye yatyhefa onke amacala engxabano, kwaye uNavratilova ngokwakhe wayebonakala enzakele kakhulu, ngenxa yokucaphuka, ukuhlaselwa ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba. wayengenamdla kwingxoxo eyongezelelekileyo malunga nayo, wenza ingxoxo eyakhayo kunye no-Navratilova njengenxalenye yokufota engalindelekanga.
Okukhona ndizama ukumcenga ukuba aqhubeke njengomalathisi, kokukhona kwacacayo ukuba imigudu yam yayililize. Wayeqinisekile ukuba akukho ndlela yokudibanisa into eyayiza kuba ngumsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa njengomlawuli wefilimu kunye nezopolitiko ezigqumayo kule mpikiswano intsha yaseNavratilova. Intlonelo yam ngoReed ayizange iphele, yaye loo ntlonelo yandibangela ukuba ndiyeke ukumcenga ndaza ndasamkela isigqibo sakhe sokurhoxa kulo mfanekiso ushukumayo.
Ekugqibeleni, impikiswano nayo yabumba indlela yam yokucinga malunga nefilimu. Ngenxa yomsindo ovuthayo phakathi koluntu oluhamba phambili oluya eNavratilova, kwabonakala kum ukuba sishiywe, sithetha ngokubanzi, ngokukhetha okubini kokuyila, zombini ezo zazingenakuthandeka: (1) lungisa kwakhona ifilimu ukubandakanya ukugxila okukhulu kakhulu kwi-Navratilova's. Izimvo zangoku eziphikisanayo malunga neembaleki ze-trans - into umbono wokuqala ongazange uyiquke konke konke, singasathethi ke ngokubalaseleyo - kunye nokujongana naye ngokundlongondlongo nangokugxekayo malunga neembono zakhe ngeendleko zokugxila kubomi bakhe buphela, konke ukukholisa abagxeki bakhe, okanye (2) yenza ifilimu ekhuthazayo malunga nokuba kutheni uNavratilova ekhuthaze kangaka kum kunye nezigidi zabanye abantu belo xesha ababenemizekelo embalwa efanayo ngelo xesha, kwaye bagwetywe ngonaphakade ngenxa yokuba ezukise umntu ojongwa ngokubanzi kuluntu kwaye ngaphaya njenge-anti-trans bigot, i-transphobe, umntu ozama ngokusebenzayo ukuthintela unobangela wokulingana, umntu "ownzakalisayo" kwaye "obeka engozini" abantu abadlulayo. Kwakubonakala ngathi le mpikiswano kwaye imo embi ethathiweyo yayimiselwe ukugubungela oko ifilimu yayijoliswe ukuba ibe.
Ndithatha ukulahlekelwa nguReed njengomlawuli njengelishwa kakhulu kwifilimu kwaye, ngakumbi, imbonakalo eyothusayo malunga nenkcubeko yethu kunye nentetho yethu. Kwaye ukucinga kwam malunga nefilimu ngenxa yale mpikiswano ijikeleze i-Navratilova ibonakala iqinisekisa ukuba akukho ndawo yokuba uKimberly Reed, njengovulindlela ogqithisayo, avelise umfanekiso ocacileyo, onzima we-cinematic yomnye uvulindlela obhinqileyo we-LGBT: enye eyayiquka uqhekeko lukaNavratilova ngalo mbandela kodwa akazange ayilungise okanye ayivumele ukuba ifuthanise yonke enye into eyayichaza ubomi bakhe nokuba ungubani na. Ubuncinci, kwakubonakala kucacile, kwakungekho ndlela kwimozulu yangoku yokuvelisa ifilimu enencasa ngaphandle kokuchitha ubomi bethu bonke siphathwa ngendlela abafundi beKholeji yaseReed bamphatha ngayo uKimberly Peirce xa wayezama ukubonisa nokuthetha ngefilimu yakhe eyothusayo.
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Eli bali liphinda lenziwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngezazisi ezahlukeneyo kwaye zibangela le mihla kwaye inxalenye enkulu yecala iya ngokwenene 'kwimidiya yoluntu', nto leyo ngaphandle kwentlalontle kwaye iyathandabuza ukuba ingabizwa ngokuba 'imidiya '.
Ndibona oku njengetyala 'lokubamba kunye nokubulala' isizathu esilungileyo, kuba into eyenzayo ngokusebenzayo iyingozi kakhulu kwisizathu kunokuba nayiphi na inzuzo.
Indikhumbuza umenzi wefilimu waseJamani uRainer Werner Fassbinder, owayengeyena nje kuphela i-gay evulekileyo, kodwa wenza iifilimu apho kwakuthatyathwa khona ukuba abalinganiswa bonke (okanye abaninzi babo) bangama-gay. Kwakukho ukugxekwa ukuba akazange abonise nakuphi na ukuzonda abantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabanye abantu kwiifilimu zakhe, kodwa oko kwakungafanelekanga kuba injongo yakhe yayikukuphonononga ezinye izihloko zezopolitiko ezifana neklasi (uFox kunye nabahlobo Bakhe) kunye neziko lomtshato (uEffie Briest noMartha, phakathi abanye abaninzi) kunye nezinto ezifana nebizwa ngokuba nguMmangaliso woQoqosho (i-BRD trilogy), kunye neengxabano ze-fractional phakathi kwama-leftists (uMama uKusters Uya ezulwini): ukusuka kumakomanisi ukuya kwi-anarchists. Ngeminyaka yee-1970 kwakunobunkunkqele ukwenza iifilimu apho abalinganiswa babebonakala bengamafanasini kwaye iifilimu zayithatha nje kancinci into yokuba bangamafanasini. Akukho zingcaciso zinikiweyo, kuba kwakungekho bani unikelayo. Ukuthiywa kwamafanasini kwasingathwa ngabanye abenzi beefilimu. 'Wayekiswa' kudala ngenxa yokucingelwa ukuba ungumntu ongendawo (!), anti-semite (!) kunye nokuthanda amafanasini, kodwa eneneni ngenxa yokuba ngumntu osekhohlo owayenovelwano kwii-anarchists (Isizukulwana sesithathu kunye neJamani ekwindla kunye noMama uKusters. Uya eZulwini), nangona bethandabuza malunga neendlela zabo okanye ngamanye amaxesha malunga nokuzinikela kwabo (njengaseLola).
Ke ewe, 'ukurhoxiswa' akunto intsha. Kudala ikhona. Ngexesha lamaxesha aphakathi kwakukho into ebizwa ngokuba yi-ex-communication, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yayimbi kakhulu kunoko.
Into etshintshileyo kukuba abo babesebenzisa 'ukucima' ngaphambili yayingamagunya okanye abefundisi okanye abalandeli babo, ngaphandle kwamazwe obuzwilakhe obuKomanisi afana neSoviet Union. Ngoku bangabo baqhubela phambili ngokugqibeleleyo, okanye babanga ukuba bangabo. Lo ngumkhwa oyingozi kwaye kufuneka uxhathiswe. Ngaphandle kokubhenela kwi-counter-cancellations.