Umthombo: I-Intercept
Unyaka we-2020 iye yaba yenye yezona zidubedube kwimbali yanamhlanje yaseMelika. Ukufumana imisitho ukude njengokudodobalisa kunye nokutshintsha, umntu kufuneka abuyele emva kwintlekele yezemali ka-2008 kunye no-9/11 kunye nohlaselo lwe-anthrax luka-2001, nangona ezo zothuso zenkqubo, zinzulu njengoko zazinjalo, zazibekwe zodwa (enye yingxaki yokhuseleko lwesizwe, enye ingxaki yezemali) kwaye ke ngoko kunqongophele kumda kunozinzo lweengxaki ezininzi ezibumba ipolitiki nenkcubeko yase-US.
Ukusukela ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ekuphela kokhuphiswano olusondeleyo kulo mzuzu wangoku kukudubadubeka okuninzi kweminyaka yee-1960 kunye noo-1970 bokuqala: ukubulawa kwabantu ngokulandelelana kweenkokeli zezopolitiko, amalungelo oluntu kunye noqhanqalazo oluchasene nemfazwe, udushe oluqhubekayo, umsindo ngenxa yemfazwe emanyumnyezi. e-Indochina, kunye nokurhoxa kukamongameli othwaxwe burhwaphilizo.
Kodwa ezo ziganeko zenzeka kwaye zakhela phezu kwesinye kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukudityaniswa kweengxaki ezikhoyo, nganye ibaluleke ngokwembali ngokuzimeleyo - ubhubhani wehlabathi, ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho nentlalontle, ukungaqeshwa kwabantu abaninzi, intshukumo yoqhanqalazo engapheliyo exhokonxa amanqanaba obundlobongela kunye nokungazinzi, kunye nonyulo lukamongameli olugxile kakhulu. kwelinye lawona manani ahlukeneyo ezopolitiko i-US iyazi ukuba ngubani oyena mongameli obambeleyo - zenzeka ngaxeshanye, ziqhume omnye phezu komnye kwisithuba seenyanga ezimbalwa.
Ukulala phantsi kwezihloko ezinikelwe ngokufanelekileyo kula mabali aphambili ka-2020 zizinto ezikhathazayo kakhulu ezibonisa ukuqina kwe-pathologies kubemi base-US - hayi izigulo zokuziphatha okanye ezifuziselayo kodwa ingqondo, imvakalelo, ingqondo kunye nesigulo esiqinisekisiweyo ngokwesayensi. Abantu abaninzi abanethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo lokusinda kolu bhubhani ngempilo yabo yokwenyama bayazi ngokwenyani - ngokujonga abanye kunye neziqu zabo - ukuba ezi ngxaki zezopolitiko nezentlalo zibangele ubunzima beemvakalelo kunye nemiceli mngeni ngokwasengqondweni.
Kodwa iinkcukacha ziyamangalisa, ngokobunzulu beengxaki zempilo yengqondo kunye nempilo yengqondo abayibonisayo kunye nokuxhaphaka kwazo. Mhlawumbi olona phando lubonisa umzekeliso lolo lukhutshwe ngamaZiko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, ngokusekwe uphando olunzulu lwempilo yengqondo yabantu baseMelika ekupheleni kukaJuni.
Omnye umbuzo obuzwe ngabaphandi ngowokuba ngaba umntu โukhe wakuthathela ingqalelo nzulu ukuzibulala kwezi ntsuku zingama-30 zidlulileyoโโengakhange akuthathe njengephupha nje okomzuzwana okanye acinge ngako ngaphambili ebomini babo, kodwa kucingelwa ngokunzulu ngokuzibulala kanye kanye kwi iintsuku ezingama-30 ezidlulileyo. Iziphumo ziyamangalisa.
Kubantu baseMelika phakathi kweminyaka eyi-18-24 ubudala, iipesenti ezingama-25.5 - ngaphezulu nje I-1 kwi-4 nganye abaselula baseMelika - bathi babenayo. Kwiqela elikhulu labantu baseMelika abaneminyaka engama-25-44, ipesenti yayingaphantsi kodwa isothusa kakhulu: i-16 ekhulwini. I-18.6 yeepesenti yabantu base-Hispanic baseMelika kunye neepesenti ezili-15 zabantu base-Afrika baseMelika bathi bacinge nzulu ngokuzibulala kwinyanga ephelileyo. Amaqela amabini anepesenti enkulu kunazo zonke athi ewe: Abantu baseMelika abanesidanga esingaphantsi kwesikolo esiphakamileyo kunye nabakhathaleli abangahlawulwanga, bobabini abanama-30 ekhulwini - okanye phantse i-1 kwi-3 - abaphendule ngokuvumayo. Iipesenti ezili-10 ezipheleleyo zabemi base-US ngokubanzi babecinga ngokunzulu ukuzibulala kwinyanga kaJuni.
Kuluntu olusempilweni olukude, olubonelela ngeemfuno zeemvakalelo ezisisiseko kubemi balo, ukuzibulala kunye neengcinga ezinzulu zokuzibulala ziziganeko ezinqabileyo. Kusisiqalekiso kwezona mvakalelo zisisiseko zomntu: ukuthanda ukuphila. Ibutho labantu apho intaphane yabemi beligqala ngokunzulu njengento onokukhetha kuyo, lelo elingeyonto iphilileyo, elisilela ngokucacileyo ukunika abemi balo iimfuno ezisisiseko zobomi obanelisayo.
Idatha eyoyikisayo yeCDC idlulela ngaphaya kweminqweno enzulu yokuzibulala. Ikwafumanise ukuba "i-40.9% yabaphenduli bachaza ubuncinci imeko enye embi yengqondo okanye yokuziphatha, kubandakanya neempawu zoxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo (30.9%), iimpawu ze-trauma- kunye ne-stressor-related disorder (TSRD) enxulumene nobhubhane. (26.3%), kwaye sele uqalisile okanye wandise ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ukumelana noxinzelelo okanye iimvakalelo ezinxulumene ne-COVID-19 (13.3%). Kwinxalenye encinci yabantu abadala, iminyaka eyi-18-24, kakhulu ngaphezu kwesigamu (Iipesenti ze-62.9) zichaze ukubandezeleka koxinzelelo okanye ukuxhalaba.
Loo mpilo yengqondo yayiza konakala izinto eziphathekayo embindini wobhubhani - lowo ufuna ukwahlukaniswa noluntu kunye nomsebenzi, ukuhlala yedwa, ukuvalwa kwezoqoqosho, kunye noloyiko lokugula nokufa - ayimangalisi. Ngo-Epreli, njengoko iinyani zokwahlukaniswa kunye nokuhlaliswa komntu yedwa zisiya zicaca ngakumbi e-US, siye sanikela ngesiqephu se-SYSTEM UPDATE kwingxoxo neengcali zempilo yengqondo u-Andrew Solomon kunye noJohann Hari, zombini ezichazwe indlela "intlungu yolu bhubhani - ukutyhilwa kwendlela yethu yobomi nangona ithatha ixesha elide, ukujongwa okunyanzelekileyo kwabo bonke abanye abantu njengezoyikiso, kwaye ngakumbi ukuhlala wedwa kunye nokuncitshiswa kwentlalo" - kuya konyusa phantse yonke impilo yentlalo, kubandakanywa nabo impilo Yengqondo.
Kodwa eyona nto ibangela ukuba ezi meko ziphazamiseke ngakumbi kukuba kudala zandulela ukufika kwengxaki yekoronavirus, singatsho kwanto ngentlekele yezoqoqosho eshiyeke emva kwayo kunye nezidubedube kwezentlalo ezivela kuqhanqalazo lwalo nyaka. Ewe, ukusukela ubuncinci ubunzima bezemali bowama-2008, xa kuqala ulawulo lukaBush kwaye emva koko ulawulo luka-Obama lwenze ukukhusela umdla weetycoons ezibangele lo gama bevumela wonke umntu ukuba agibele ematyaleni kunye nokuvalwa, isalathiso sempilo yengqondo edibeneyo i-US iye yaqhwanyaza ebomvu.
Kwi-2018, i-NBC News, isebenzisa izifundo ze-inshurensi yezempilo, ingxelo โUdandatheko olukhulu luyanda phakathi kwabantu baseMelika abasuka kubo bonke ubudala, kodwa lukhula ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwabakwishumi elivisayo nabaselula.โ Ngo-2019, i-American Psychological Association wapapasha isifundo ebonisa ukwanda okungama-30 ekhulwini โkwizinga lokufa kwabantu abazibulalayo eUnited States phakathi kowama-2000 no-2016, ukusuka kwi-10.4 ukusa kwi-13.5 kubantu abayi-100,000 50โ yaye linyuke ngama-2000 ekhulwini โamantombazana namabhinqa azibulalayo phakathi ko-2016 no-10.โ Lathi: โUkuzibulala bekungoyena nobangela we-2016 wokufa kwabantu eUnited States ngo-10. Bekungoyena nobangela uphambili wokufa kwabantu abaneminyaka eyi-34 ukuya kwengama-35 yaye kungowesine unobangela wokufa kwabantu abaneminyaka eyi-54 ukusa kwengama-XNUMX.โ
NgoMatshi ka-2020, i-New Yorker's Atul Gawande ipapashe uphando lwedatha evela kwiingcali zoqoqosho ezimbini zasePrinceton, uAnne Case noAngus Deaton, phantsi komxholo othi: โIsizathu Sokuba Abantu BaseMerika Befa Ngokuphelelwa Lithemba: ukungabikho kobulungisa koqoqosho lwethu, oosoqoqosho ababini bayaphikisana, kunokulinganiswa kungekuphela nje ngeedola kodwa ekufeni.โ Ukudodobala koqoqosho kumashumi eminyaka yabantu baseMelika, ukubuya umva kwePhupha laseMelika, kunye nokungaqeshwa kwabantu abaninzi okubangelwa ngubhubhane ngokucacileyo zizizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuba kutheni ezi pathologies zisiba mandundu ngokukhawuleza ngoku.
Ukuqwalasela ezi ntsingiselo ziyimfuneko kodwa akwanelanga ukuqonda ububanzi bazo kunye neempembelelo zazo. Kutheni le nto phantse yonke i-metric yesifo sengqondo kunye nokomoya-ukuzibulala, ukudakumba, ukuphazamiseka kokuxhalaba, umlutha, kunye nokusela utywala - ikhula kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza, kwilizwe elicebileyo emhlabeni, elizaliswe bubuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye nobuncinci bokuzenzisa kwedemokhrasi yenkululeko?
Enye impendulo yanikelwa nguGqr. Laurel Williams, umphathi wezigulo zengqondo kwiSibhedlele Sabantwana SaseTexas, kwi-NBC xa wayexubusha ngokunyuka koxinezeleko: โKukho ukungabikho koluntu. Kukho ixesha esilichitha phambi kwezikrini hayi phambi kwabanye abantu. Ukuba awunalo uluntu onokuthi ufikelele kulo, ukuphelelwa lithemba kwakho akunandawo yokuya.โ
Loo mpendulo iyafana naleyo yanikelwa ngabo bakrelekrele incwadi ngoxinzelelo kunye noluntu lwanamhlanje lwasentshona nguJohann Hari, โLost Connections,โ kunye neyakhe Viral TED Talk kwangesi sihloko sinye: ezi, ziimpawu kanye ezichaza uluntu lwanamhlanje lwaseNtshona oluyilwe ngokugqibeleleyo ukuhlutha abantu ezona mfuno zabo zicinezela ngokweemvakalelo (incwadi ebhalwe nguHari engomlutha, โUkusukela Isikhalo,โ kunye ngakumbi-yentsholongwane ye-TED Talk ngayo, kuvakala umxholo ofanayo malunga nokuba kutheni abantu baseMelika beguquka ngamanani amakhulu ngendlela eyoyikisayo kwiingxaki ezinzulu zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi).
Ingqalelo enkulu inikezelwe ekukhaleleni ubutyhefu bentetho yethu, ucalucalulo oluqhutywa yintiyo kwezopolitiko zethu, kunye nokuqhekeka kwenkcubeko yethu. Kodwa kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni waso nasiphi na esinye isiphumo kuluntu oluvelisa izifo ezininzi ngokwasengqondweni nangokweemvakalelo ngokukhanyela amalungu alo ezona zinto bazidingayo ukuze baphile ubomi obanelisayo.
UHLAZIYO lweNKQUBO yanamhlanje kwijelo lika YouTube lika The Intercept uzinikele ekuphononongeni oku kutyhilwa kwentlalo: ingeyiyo nje idatha ebonisa ukuba kuyenzeka, kodwa nokuba zeziphi izizathu, kunye neziphumo ezinokuthi zibe yintoni kwezopolitiko zethu, inkcubeko yethu, uluntu lwethu ngokubanzi. Kwaye iimpendulo kumbuzo okhuthazwa yiyo yonke le nto - iphi indlela yokuphuma yokuthintela ezi meko ukuba zibe mandundu ngakumbi? โ zinqabile njengoko zibalulekile. Inokujongwa kwakhona kumdlali ongezantsi:
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