Umthombo: I-Intercept
INew York Times Guild, imanyano yabasebenzi bephepha lerekhodi, kuTwitter ukugwetywa ngeCawe komnye wabalingane babo, umbhali wemihlathi uBret Stephens. Isigxeko sabo sonakaliswa ziimpazamo ezihlazisayo kwaye nangakumbi ngamabango axhomis’ amehlo nezigunyaziso zokujongwa kunye nezibheno ezidelelayo kubalawuli ukuze kunyanzeliswe “imithetho” yenkampani ngokuchasene nezinye iintatheli. Ukutsho ukuba oku kukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kumanyano yeentatheli, kubo bonke abantu, kukuyijongela phantsi imeko.
Into ecaphukisa umanyano namhlanje yi ishicilelwe nguStephens NgolwesiHlanu evakalise izigxeko ezininzi zokuphumelela ibhaso lePulitzer "Iprojekthi ye1619,” eyapapashwa kulo nyaka uphelileyo yiNew York Times Magazine kwaye ikhokelwa yintatheli uNikole Hannah-Jones. Enye yeengxoxo eziphambili zeProjekthi yavakaliswa sisivakalisi esithe cwaka ngoku esithe sayizisa: “umhla wokuzalwa wokwenyani welizwe” ayingo-1776, njengoko kudala kukholelwa, kodwa ngasekupheleni kowe-1619, xa, eli nqaku lithi, amakhoboka okuqala aseAfrika afika kumhlaba waseU.S.
Ngaphandle kwePulitzer yayo, "iProjekthi ye-1619" iye yaba yimpikiswano eshushu yezopolitiko kunye nezemfundo, kunye nolawulo lukaTrump lufuna block imizamo ukudibanisa iinkcazo zayo kwikharityhulam yesikolo, ngelixa uninzi lwabafundi bembali yityhola igqwetha ngokupheleleyo inyaniso yembali, nabanye, njengeGlenn Loury yeYunivesithi yaseBrown, icela iPulitzer Board ukuba irhoxise ibhaso layo. Abaphengululi baye benza njalo igxekwa ngokuvakalayo I-Times for stealth edits of the article's key claims long after publication, without even noting to learners that lenze olu tshintsho lukhulu singasathethi ke ngokuchaza ukuba kutheni lenzile.
Lilonke, ingxoxo eqhubekayo yezopolitiko, yembali, kunye nentatheli malunga neProjekthi ka-1619 ibe yimpikiswano enkulu. Kwikholamu yakhe yangoLwesihlanu, uStephens wathetha ngale mpikiswano ngokuqala ngokuphawula igalelo elincomekayo leProjekthi nezinto eziphunyeziweyo, waze waphonononga ngokweenkcukacha izigxeko zababhali-mbali nabanye abaphengululi bamabango ayo aphambili, waza waxhasa abagxeki bayo ngokuthi “ngenxa yazo zonke iimpawu zayo ezintle. , buzz, spinoffs kunye nePulitzer Prize - iProjekthi ye-1619 ayiphumelelanga.
Ngaphandle kokuphonononga izigxeko zikaStephens, ezinye zazo endivumelana nazo kwaye ezinye zazo andivumelani nazo, akunakuphikiswana ukuba ukuxoxa kwakhe ngale ngxoxo-mpikiswano inzima kakhulu ingaphakathi kumsebenzi wakhe njengombhali wezopolitiko. iphephandaba lesizwe. UStephens ngokwakhe wachaza ukuba wathabatha inyathelo elingaqhelekanga lokugxeka umsebenzi womqeshi wakhe ngenxa yokuba “iProjekthi ka-1619 iye, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yoyilo lwayo kwaye ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yeempazamo ezinokuphepheka, isiseko sohlobo lwengxoxo-mpikiswano eshushu yelizwe ekufuneka ababhali bemihlathi baqukumbela. ,” siphikisa ngelithi ukuphepha ukubhala ngayo kuba singafuni ukuba amalungu ombutho “kukutyeshela uxanduva lwethu” lokuthatha inxaxheba kwiingxabano ezibalulekileyo zoluntu.
Kodwa oogxa bakhe kwiNew York Times Guild ngokucacileyo akakholelwa ukuba wayenalo naliphi na ilungelo lokuvakalisa iimbono zakhe ngezi ngxoxo. Ibacaphukisile ke loo nto. Kwi-tweet engafundanga nokuba akukho kanye kodwa Kabini ilipelwe kakubi igama elithi "yayo" ngokuthi "yiyo" - hayi inqanaba elincinci lokungazi kubabhali abanephephandaba elinempembelelo kwihlabathi - umanyano wamgxeka uStefano kunye nephepha ngokwalo kwezi zizathu:
Yi-tweet emfutshane, njengoko i-tweets zihamba, kodwa bakwazile ukuyipakisha ngezigqebelo ezininzi, ubuxoki, kunye nemimiselo efana nozwilakhe omncinci. Ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into, le ngxelo, kunye nengqondo eyibonakalisayo, ayihambisani kwaphela.
Ukuqala, le yimeko yeentatheli ezisebenzisa umanyano lwazo ukuba zingayifuni inkululeko enkulu yokuhlela okanye inkululeko yobuntatheli-into umntu anokuyilindela ngokufanelekileyo kumanyano lweentatheli-kodwa ifuna ngokuchaseneyo: ukuba ababhali beNew York Times bangavunyelwa ngabaphathi. ekuvakaliseni izimvo zabo kunye neembono zabo malunga neempikiswano ezijikeleze iProjekthi ye-1619. Ngamanye amazwi: Bafuna ukuba oogxa babo abaziintatheli bathuliswe kwaye bahlolwe. Loluphi uhlobo lweentatheli ezicenga abaphathi ukuba bathintele kakhulu intetho yobuntatheli kunokuba ibe mbalwa?
Kuyabonakala ukuba, impendulo ziintatheli zeNew York Times. Ngenene, eli ayiloxesha lokuqala bebongoza abalawuli bequmrhu ukuba bathintele inkululeko yokuthetha kunye nenkululeko yokuhlela yabalingane babo abaziintatheli. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, iGuild yakhupha uluhlu lweemfuno, enye yazo yayikukuba "ukufunda okubuthathaka kufuneka kwenzeke ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yopapasho, kunye nembuyekezo kwabo bakwenzayo."
Kwabo bangaqhelananga “nobuntununtunu bokufunda”: zithathele ingqalelo njengethamsanqa. Njengoko iNew York Times ngokwayo ingxelo ngo-2017, “i-sensitivity readers” ziye zasetyenziswa ngabapapashi beencwadi ukugxeka iincwadi ezigxekwayo, ukuze “uvavanye ukubaliswa kweengcamango eziyingozi kunye neenguqu ezicetyiswayo.” UMlondolozi ichazwe ngo-2018 ukuba “abafundi abanovakalelo” lishishini elikhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi lopapasho lokususa naluphi na ucalucalulo olucacileyo okanye izinto ezinokuthi zingaphikiswa—hayi nje kumabali kodwa nakubalinganiswa. Icaphule umbhali uLionel Shriver ngeengozi ezicacileyo: kukho, wathi, "kukho umgca omncinci phakathi kokuhlanganisa imibhalo-ngqangi yayo nantoni na enokuchaswa ngamacandelwana athile kunye nokuhlolwa okucacileyo kwezopolitiko."
Njengokothusayo “njengabafundi abanovakalelo” kubhalo lwentsomi kunye namanye amacandelo opapasho, iyityhefu engenakuchazwa lolwazi, ekufuneka ibuze okanye ijonge endaweni yokuqubuda kwezona zithixo zixabisekileyo, zingcwele. Ukuze ibe nenzuzo, kufuneka ipapashe imathiriyeli - ingxelo kunye nezimvo - ezinokuthi “zichaseke” kuzo zonke iindidi zamaqela anamandla, kuquka abathandi benkululeko benkcubeko.
Kodwa lo ngumsebenzi iNew York Times Union efuna kungekuphela nje ukuphepha ukwanelisa iziqu zayo kodwa, okubi kakhulu, ukukhanyela oogxa babo abacholacholi beendaba. Banqwenela umaleko omtsha opheleleyo wokutsiba kwehupula ukuze bapapashe, iprothokholi enzima, ecinezelayo yokuzoba nangakumbi imigca ecinezelayo malunga noko kunokutshiwo kwaye akunakuthethwa ngaphaya kwemida esele ibekwe ziimfundiso eziqhelekileyo zamaXesha kunye nezabo. izithintelo zokuhlela zokuthoba ithoni.
Xa iintatheli zixhaphaza imibutho yazo ukuze zingafuni umvuzo ongcono, izibonelelo eziphuculweyo, ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo lwemisebenzi okanye inkululeko enkulu yobuntatheli kodwa endaweni yoko njengesixhobo sokugxeka oogxa babo abaziintatheli, ngoko imbono yeemanyano - kunye nobuntatheli - igqwethiwe kakhulu.
Emva koko kukho i-tattletale petulance efakwe kwisikhalazo soManyano. Ekunyanzeliseni “imithetho” yasemsebenzini ngabalawuli ngokuchasene nentatheli engugxa—— abakhankanyi ukuba ngowuphi “umgaqo” ongcwele uStephens ekutyholwa ukuba wawaphula - la malungu emanyano avakala ngakumbi njengabaphathi abancedisayo becandelo labasebenzi okanye abanolwazi emsebenzini kunokuba besenza iintatheli ezingenabuganga. Kususela nini imibutho yalo naluphi na uhlobo, ngakumbi imibutho yeentatheli, yadibana ikhalazela ukuba abaphathi bamashishini kunye nabaphathi babo babahleli. ukuyekelela kakhulu ekunyanzelisweni kwemithetho elawula oko abantu abaphantsi kwabo banokukutsho nabangenakukuthetha?
Uhanahaniso lwesikhalazo soManyano luphantse lwaqaqamba kakhulu ukuba lungazikhathazi nokuqaqambisa, kwaye sesona sono sincinane. Amalungu ombutho ayamgxeka uStephens kunye nephepha "ngokulandela enye [yeyakhe]" kwaye emva koko, ekuphefumleni okulandelayo, banyelise esidlangalaleni ikholamu yabo basebenza nabo kuba, ngokwembono yabo erudiyo, "iyavuza." Ikwangulo mbutho amalungu awo, kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, aye abamba uqhanqalazo lweentsuku ezininzi kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo - olwasesidlangalaleni - enomsindo ngenxa yokuba uMhleli wezimvo wephepha, uJames Bennet, upapashe inqaku likagqirha. USenator wase-US u-Tom Cotton okhuthaza ukuthunyelwa komkhosi wase-US ukunqanda uqhanqalazo kunye nezidubedube kwizixeko zase-US; Bennet waphelelwa ngumsebenzi ekuweni. Kwaye uninzi lwala malungu emanyano - ngoku abekwe njengabachasi abanyanisekileyo, abachasi abalungileyo "ngokulandela" oogxa bakhe esidlangalaleni - bebagculela, begculelwa, begculelwa, begculelwa, bemgxeka, kuqala ngasese emva koko esidlangalaleni, omnye ugxa wakhe, uBari Weiss, de wayishiya. iphepha, ecaphula olu hlaselo olungapheliyo.
Ngokucacileyo olu asilulo umanyano olungakuthandiyo ukugxekwa esidlangalaleni koogxa babo. Enoba yintoni na “umgaqo” obakhuthazayo, ngokucacileyo akunjalo.
Kudala ndinjalo a umgxeki ngqwabalala kaStephens (kunye noWeiss) ubuntatheli kunye nokubhalwa kwezimvo. Kodwa ibingasoze ithi qatha into yokuba ndithathe amanyathelo okuzama ukubavala umlomo. Ukuba bebengoogxa bam kwaye bapapashe inqaku endingalithandiyo okanye ndiveze izimvo endizifumene ziyingozi, ngokuqinisekileyo bendingekhe ndikhalele kubaphathi ukuba bophule “imithetho” kwaye ndinyanzelise ukuba bekungafanelanga ukuba bavunyelwe ukuba bayiveze into abayikholelwayo.
Kungenxa yokuba ndiyintatheli, kwaye ndiyazi ukuba ubuntatheli bunokuba nexabiso kuphela ukuba bukhuthaza iimbono ezahlukeneyo kwaye bufuna ukwandisa kunokuba bucuthe inkululeko yokuthetha nokuthetha evunyelwe luluntu kunye nabaqeshi. Kwaye nantoni na umntu afuna ukuyithetha malunga nomsebenzi kaStephens kunye nerekhodi yokubhala - kwaye ndinezinto ezininzi ezimbi endinokuzithetha ngayo - ndigxeka kabukhali uluhlu oluphumeleleyo lwePulitzer lomqeshi wakho, othandwa ngamajelo eendaba anamandla, abantu bezopolitiko kunye nenkcubeko, luhlobo “lomngeni kulawulo” iintatheli ezininzi ezingenzi nto ngaphandle kokukholisa, abantu abadumileyo bathanda ukuboniswa njengabantu ababandakanyekileyo.
Akuzange kubekho ijelo leendaba apho bendisebenza khona okanye apho ndipapashiweyo ebengasoloko epapasha izimvo endingavumelaniyo nazo namanqaku endingawathandiyo, kuquka naleyo ndibhala kuyo ngoku. Ndingasebenzisa amaqonga am ngokulula ukugxeka okupapashiweyo, kodwa ayinakuze ithi qatha kum into yokuba ndithathe amanyathelo okuzama ukuthintela upapasho okanye, okona kubi, ndikhuphe izibongozo zoluntu ezilusizi kulawulo zokuba makwenziwe into™. Ukuba unqwenela ukumisela imida yentetho, kutheni ungakhetha lolwazi kuyo yonke imisebenzi? Ingafana nomntu okholelwa ukuba ukuhamba esibhakabhakeni yinkcitho engafanelekanga yezixhobo ekhetha ukuba ngusomajukujuku weNASA.
Mhlawumbi ezi ziqendu ze-tawdry kufuneka zingamangalisi. Ngapha koko, esona sizathu siphambili sokuba iinkampani zemidiya yoluntu - ezingazange zifune ukunyanzelwa ukuba zivavanye kodwa endaweni yoko zafuna ukuba ngamaqonga angathathi hlangothi wokuhanjiswa konxibelelwano ngokubunjwa kwe-AT&T — yajika yaba ngabalawuli bentetho esebenzayo yayikukuba uluntu, luhlala lukhokela. ngoonondaba, baqala ukufuna ukuba bahlole ngakumbi. Ezinye iintatheli zide zizinikele kwizinto ezibalulekileyo zomsebenzi wazo ekhalaza esidlangalaleni ukuba i-Facebook kunye ne-Twitter ziyasilela ukunyanzelisa "imithetho" yazo ngokungajongi ngokwaneleyo.
Ukukholelwa kukulunga kwenkululeko yokuthetha kwakukhe kwaba sisiseko somoya wobuntatheli. Imibutho kunye neemanyano zabasebenzi zilwe ngokuchasene nolawulo lokuhlela, akufuneki ukuba kubekwe izixa ezikhulu ngabalawuli. Baye bakhusela oogxa babo xa betyholwa ngohlelo okanye ngabaphathi bamashishini ngokutyeshela “imithetho”, abathethiswa esidlangalaleni kwaye bamenywe, bade bathethelelwe, amanyathelo oluleko emsebenzini.
Kodwa ukukholelwa kwinkululeko yokuthetha kugutyungelwa ngokukhawuleza kumacandelo amaninzi oluntu ngenxa yokukholelwa kukulunga kokuhlolwa kwabaphathi abasuka ezantsi, ukuthuliswa, kunye nokwandisa ukohlwaywa emsebenzini ngenxa yengcinga nentetho. Njengoko esi sigwebo sibi kodwa sibuhlungu seNew York Times Guild sibonisa, le meko inokubonwa ngokucacileyo, kwaye eyonakalisayo, kubuntatheli obuqhelekileyo baseMelika. Akukho nto iphazamisa owona msebenzi wobuntatheli ukodlula le ngqondo.
Uhlaziyo: Okt. 11, 2020, 8:40 pm. ET
I-New York Times Guild kwimizuzu eyadlulayo yacima i-tweet yayo igxeka uStephens kunye nephepha, emva koko uthumele oku:
Nangona i-Guild ingazange ichaze ukuba yeyiphi "impazamo" ebangele ukuba bakhuphe esi sigwebo, intatheli yephephandaba, uBen Smith, wathi: "Omnye umntu osebenzayo kwi-Times Union undixelela ukuba inkokeli yesahluko, eqhuba iakhawunti, ibhale kwikholamu yeStephens ngaphandle kwengxoxo yangaphakathi, ibangele ingqumbo kuSlack kwaye ikhupha inkcaso evuthayo kwabanye kwiGuild, ekhokelela ekubeni oku” ukucinywa nokucela uxolo.
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Nikela