Akufanelanga ukuba sibuze uFacebook ukuba alungise ingxaki. Kufuneka silungise uFacebook. Lishwa lethu elidityanisiweyo lokuba eli qumrhu lihle kakhulu elisembalini-indawo ephosiweyo ye-hookup yajika yajika i-Orwellian surveillance megavillain - isitsalele sonke kwincam yencam ye-capitalism yetekhnoloji yanamhlanje.
Sifikelele umzuzwana kwimbali apho iinkampani ezininzi zinamandla ngakumbi kunezizwe ezinkulu eziphuhlileyo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ziye zathatha indawo yoorhulumente njengabalawuli kunye nabaveleli. Kodwa ezinye zezo nkampani zincancisa kakubi kakhulu kwicandelo elilawulayo, zisishiya sijonge kwi-paradox.
AmaRashiya athi le meko a sobaka na sene, inja phezu kwengca. Ukulala emkhumbini, inja ngokwayo ayisayi kuyitya ingca. Kodwa nayo ayikuvumeli ukuba uyitye.
Kufuneka siyikhuphe inja engca.
Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo kunye nesiqingatha, i-Social Network ibikuyo yonke indawo kwiindaba. Ikho kuyo yonke indawo ngendlela embi okokuqala kubukho bayo. Indawo yemidiya yoluntu ekhobokisayo ihlanjwe kwimizobo eyoyikisayo yosana-ebhlowu yetekhnoloji enye. umbhali wemihlathi egculelwa ngokuthi โindawo ojonga kuyo ukuze ubone ukuba ngubani na owatshata noJill umchwayitiโ uye wazifumana esembindini wempikiswano eshushu yehlabathi.
Kutshanje Wired ibali elifihlakeleyo lunyango oluqhelekileyo loshicilelo. Imikhosi yabasebenzi bangoku kunye nabangaphambili basebeza kwi-mag malunga nenkcubeko eyityhefu ye-Facebook. Ifemu kwathiwa iphendule ngokugqithisileyo ekugxekeni ngokungqongqo kwiminyaka ethile edlulileyo kwaye yahamba kakhulu ngenye indlela kukhangelo olubi lokukhangela "ibhalansi," ingaqondanga yanika uTrump i-White House kwinkqubo.
I-Facebook nayo yashukunyiswa zizityhilelo zamva nje zokuba Cambridge Analytica, Inkampani ephethwe lusapho olufanayo lweMercer noluthe lwaba ngumxhasi ophambili wephulo lokuseka likaDonald Trump ngehlobo lika-2016, kusenokwenzeka ukuba isebenzise ulwazi lobuqu oluvela kwizigidi ezingama-50 zabasebenzisi bakaFacebook ukuhambisa iintengiso ezijolise kubo kubavoti bakaTrump.
I-Cambridge Analytica iye yavezwa ukuba yi-con's con's - ngo-2015, yayithengisa uTed Cruz kwiinkonzo zobuntlola "kwisosi eyimfihlo" eyayingekagqibi nokuyila okwangoku. Ibali lenze ukoyikeka kwangoko kwihlabathi liphela, ngaphandle kwenyani yokuba ukukhohlisa ulwazi lwabucala luhlobo lwenkonzo uFacebook kudala eyinika njengomcimbi wesiqhelo. Nayiphi na i-app yomntu wesithathu eyakhiwe kwisayithi, kungekhona nje ezo zidalwe ngabagcini be-arch, baya kukwazi ukwenza iqhinga elifanayo lokufunxa idatha. Njengoko owayesakuba ngumcebisi kuFacebook uDipayan Ghosh esitsho, โIngxaki ingaphaya kobubanzi beengxabano ezikhoyo. Ibali elilapha limalunga namandla okuthengisa ngokupheleleyo. "
Izihloko ziyoyikeka, kodwa i-pathology emva kwabo ngokwenene iyona nto eyoyikisayo kwaye ingaxelwanga kwibali le-Facebook. Ihlabathi likhangeleka ngaxeshanye ligxeka inkampani ngokugxuphuleka kunyulo, kwaye lifuna ukuba ligxuphuleke ngenkathalo ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo. Ukusuka kwi-senator ukuya kumalungu eendaba ukuya kumagosa okhuseleko, isisombululo kwingxaki "yeendaba ezingeyonyani" kunye nokungenelela kwamanye amazwe kunyulo lwethu kube lula ngokungenangqondo: yilungise nje i-Facebook.
Lonke olu xinzelelo lwangaphandle lubetha ekhaya. Emva kweminyaka yokuchasana, i-CEO ye-polarizing supergeek ye-Facebook, uMark Zuckerberg, ngokukhawuleza wamkela umngeni wokuguqula ishishini awazi nto ngalo, oko kukuthi, iphephandaba. Okubuhlungu kukuba, kutshanje uye wafunga ukuba uza kuchitha i-2018 esebenza "kule miba ibalulekileyo."
Lutshintsho lwenyikima. Kutshanje ngoNovemba 2016, uZuckerberg, okhupha yonke imfudumalo yokuthetha imitha yokupaka, ebevakala ethuka abantu aba "Sinyanzelise ukuba sizibize njengeendaba okanye inkampani yeendaba." Kamva wahlekisa ngengcamango yokuba inkampani yakhe yadlala indima ebalulekileyo kunyulo, kwaye wala ukuxoxa ukuba kungenzeka ukuba i-Facebook inoxanduva lokuguqula umgangatho ohlayo wengxelo yeendaba.
Kodwa ekuqaleni kwe-2018, i-Facebook yaqala ngokukhawuleza-kwaye yoyikeka ngokufihlakeleyo-ukuguquka. Ayisayikhanyeli indima yayo yemithombo yeendaba, inkampani ibhengeze inyathelo elinye elenzelwe ukwenza umlinganiso wokuthembeka weendaba, kunye nelinye ukunyusa umxholo owufumana kubahlobo abasondeleyo kunye nosapho, ngokuqinisekileyo ngokuchasene nobubi (kunye nabangaphandle) abangabaziyo.
Injongo, utshilo umphathi we-Facebook News Feed u-Adam Moseri, "yayikukuqinisekisa ukuba iindaba ezibonwa ngabantu, ngelixa zincinci, zikumgangatho ophezulu." UMosseri, obekunye nenkampani ukusukela kwiintsuku zayo zangaphambili, uxelele Stone Rolling ukuba abaphuhlisi bokuqala be-Facebook abazange bacinge ukuba bakwimeko ekhoyo ngoku. โAndiqondi ukuba kukho nabani na owabona kwangaphambili umlinganiselo esifikelele kuwo,โ uyavuma uMosseri.
Ngoku, uthi, i-Facebook izama ukwenza into efanelekileyo. โSizithabatha nzulu iimbopheleleko zethu,โ utsho, echaza indlela acinga ngayo la manyathelo matsha. โKwihlabathi eline-Intanethi, singalenza njani libe ngcono ihlabathi?โ
Isigqibo sikaFacebook sokwamkela โuxanduvaโ kummandla weendaba, nangale ndlela ingaqhelekanga nengaqhelekanga, sinefuthe elimangalisayo kwilizwe eliye lasebenza ngaphandle komlawuli weendaba wokwenyani kuninzi lwembali yalo.
Kungenxa yokuba zonke ezi zihloko zemuvi ezoyikisayo malunga neendaba zobuxoki kunye "nokugxuphuleka" kwiglosi phezu kwentlekele enkulu eyandulelayo ebandakanyeka kuzo zonke ezi ntsomi. Ukuze i-Facebook ibe ngunobangela kunye nesisombululo kwiingxaki ezininzi zolwazi, indlela yoyilo eyakhiwe kwidemokhrasi yethu ukunqanda iingxaki ezinjalo - ushicilelo lwamahhala - kwafuneka lukhubazeke kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba sifike apha.
Kwaye kwaba njalo. Kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba i-2016 ibe nethuba lokwenzeka, iindaba zeendaba e-United States zatshatyalaliswa ngempumelelo. Kwabo bethu bakwishishini, indlela yokoyisa ibiyeyona nto ibuhlungu kakhulu. Inguqulelo yeCliffsNotes? UFacebook usityile.
Amaqonga e-Intanethi afana ne-Zuck's yaphula umva woshicilelo olusebenzayo kuqala ngokususa uthungelwano lwethu lokusasaza, kwaye emva koko ngokusebenzisa ubuchule obuphezulu be-data-mining ukudala intengiso ye-hypertargeted apho kungekho mithombo yeendaba ethembekileyo inokukhuphisana nayo. Oku kucinywa koshicilelo kushiye uFacebook enegunya ebengawafuni nangakuqondi.
Yonke le yayiyingozi ephambeneyo. UFacebook akazange afune ukuba ngumhleli oyintloko wendalo iphela, kwaye umshicileli okhululekileyo othe wabhukuqa izinto ezithandwa nguMcCarthy kunye noNixon akazange acinge ukuba unokuginywa ngumthengisi we-pet-meme.
Kodwa kwenzeka. Ngenxa yoko, ngoku sijongene nengxaki enokuba mbi ngakumbi kunolonyulo lukaTrump okanye i-cyber-incursion yaseRussia: ilizwe apho ulwazi lwezigidi ngezigidi zabantu lulawulwa ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi ngokupheleleyo ngababini bemisebenzi yokuhlola yabucala. , Google kunye ne-Facebook - kunye ne-Facebook ngokukodwa.
I-mess ye-Facebook ngokwenene sisahluko sokugqibela kumashumi eminyaka engqubana neendaba zeendaba kunye ne-Intanethi. Abantu abaninzi abakrelekrele babelindele ukuba eli bali liphele kakuhle. Ayikhange ibe njalo. Abaqulunqi be-Intanethi bathengise ukuveliswa kwabo njengedemokhrasi yendalo. Endaweni yoko, ulwazi ngoku lugxile kakhulu kangangokuba a 1984 Imeko kukucofa nje okumbalwa kude.
Oku kunokuvakala kucacile, kodwa ekubeni i-Facebook ibonakala ingawuqondi lo mbandela, nasi isikhumbuzo esifutshane: Ishishini leendaba belisoloko liphambili malunga nokuhanjiswa.
Abathengi beendaba babekhe baba nobudlelwane obuthe ngqo nobunamandla kunye nabapapashi, ngaphambi kotshintsho lwetekhnoloji olwenze ukuba kwenzeke i-Facebook. UJim Moroney, owayesakuba ngumpapashi wephephandaba lasekuhlaleni uthi: โAbantu baye bafumanisa ukuba bafunda iphephandaba lasekuhlaleni The Iindaba zaseDallas Morning. โBanxibelelana nokuba ngabafundi be The Iindaba zaseDallas Morning, The Boston Globe, The New York Times kwaye nangokunjalo." Amaphephandaba aphuhlise obo budlelwane kwixesha elide ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yezitena eziqinileyo kunye nodaka lokwakha uthungelwano lokuhambisa.
UDavid Chavern, umlawuli weNews Media Alliance uthi: โInzuzo yakho enkulu njengeshishini leendaba ikwinkqubo yakho yokusasaza. โYonke into esuka kumatshini wenu wokushicilela, ukuya kubantu abalayisha amaphepha ezilorini, kwiilori ngokwabo, ezivenkileni, ebantwaneni abahambisa amaphepha kwiminyango yababhalisi.โ
Ubume benkqubo yokusasaza bunike ukuthembeka kuzo zombini iindaba kunye neentengiso. Ngaphezu koko, ubunzima kunye neendleko zokwakha ezo nkqubo zithetha ukuba bambalwa abantu abanokuyenza, kwaye amaphephandaba azizuzela imithombo yengeniso eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi evela kwiinkonzo ezifana nengqesho kunye neentengiso ze-real-estate, apho babedla ngokuba ngumdlalo kuphela edolophini.
Lo mzekelo wavumela amaphephandaba ukuba akhululeke ngokuphawulekayo kulawulo lukarhulumente. Oku kwakungeyonyani ncam kwizikhululo zikanomathotholo kunye neTV, ekwakufuneka ziphendule kwiKomishoni yoNxibelelwano lweFederal. Kodwa umabonwakude kunye nonomathotholo babekhe banandipha izibonelelo ezinkulu ezingasekhoyo.
โUmabonwakude nonomathotholo, yayingamashishini anqongopheleyo lawo,โ utsho uMoroney. โBekukho iilayisensi ezininzi kuphela emarikeni, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zininzi izikhululo emarikeni. Kwaye ngaphaya koko, bekukho kuphela iindawo zentengiso zemizuzwana engama-30 onokuzithengisa. Awunakuba neyure yonke ukuba ube ziintengiso. Ukuba ubunobuchule ekulawuleni uluhlu lwakho lwezinto ezinqongopheleyo, ungenza imali eninzi.โ
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, akuzange kucingelwe ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba urhulumente agxuphuleke kunikezelo lweelayisensi zeendaba. Kodwa kumboniso wakudala we-Intanethi, ngoo-1920 kwabakho ugqabhuko-dubulo lwezikhululo zikanomathotholo ezitsha, okubangele โi-cacophony yokuphazamiseka kwemiqondisoโ ethe, njenganamhlanje, yenza amava alandelayo eendaba.
Oku kwakhokelela uNobhala wezoRhwebo ngoko uHerbert Hoover kunye nabanye ukuba bahlolisise umbuzo wendlela yokulinganisa "ukunqongophala kwe-spectrum" kunye neemfuno zoluntu lwentando yesininzi. Isiphumo yaba isibini semithetho ephawulekayo yomanyano, uMthetho weRadio ka-1927 kunye noMthetho woNxibelelwano we-1934. Yayilurhwebo. Iinkampani ezinamaza omoya anelayisensi kuye kwafuneka ukuba zivume ukusebenza โkwiminqweno yoluntu, lula kunye nemfuneko.โ
Ewe, urhulumente wobumbano, nomgangatho wakhe โwomdla woluntuโ ocinga ukuba utyhala abasasazi ukuba bakhonze โonke amaqela amakhulu,โ ngandlelโ ithile wakwazi ukugcina inkqubo ekhohlakeleyo yocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezinkulu eziphoswayo. Ikwakhanyele iimbono zamatshantliziyo achasene nemfazwe, abagxeki bongxowankulu kunye nenkitha yabanye. Kodwa uluvo oluphambili, lokuba imidiya yeendaba enomdla obanzi woluntu kufuneka ibekhona, sele ikhona kwasekuqaleni. Nditsho nezinto ezithandwa yiWashington kunye neJefferson zanceda ekuqaliseni inkqubo yokunika ixabiso eliphantsi okanye lasimahla lokuposa kumaphephandaba.
Unjingalwazi weYunivesithi yase-Illinois uRobert McChesney uthi: โAmaphephandaba aBhabhubhileyo athunyelwa eMzantsi ngenxa yale migaqo-nkqubo. "Nasemva phaya bekukho lo mbono wokuxhasa ingxelo."
Ngolwandiso olutsha ngalunye lwetekhnoloji yonxibelelwano, abantu baseMelika phantse babesoloko besiza nezikhokelo zendlela yokulungelelanisa iimfuno zolwazi lwabemi kuyilo olutsha.
Emva koko kwavela i-Intanethi.
Ngeendlela ezininzi, ingxabano Facebook yi canard. Incinci ingxaki yokwenyani malunga namaRussia, unyulo lukaTrump okanye abaqhatha abafana neCambridge Analytica kunokubala ixesha elide. Abantu baseMelika abathi amashumi eminyaka bebambelele kwiintsomi eziqinisekisayo malunga nemvelaphi kunye nenjongo ye-Intanethi ekugqibeleni baqala ukubuza imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga nesi sixhobo sokuhlola esenziwe yiPentagon abasamkele ngothakazelelo kumakhaya abo, kumagumbi okulala, ezipajini nakwiipokotho.
Ubulumko obuqhelekileyo bubona i-Intanethi njengento eqanjiweyo, ewe, yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa okumxinwa komkhosi, kodwa ngokungalindelekanga yadubula ibe yidemokhrasi enamandla. UGqr. Lawrence Landweber, ilungu le-Internet Hall of Fame nowayesakuba ngumongameli woMbutho we-Intanethi uthi: โI-Internet yayijongwa njengamandla okwenza okulungileyo, axhasa ukuqukana kwabantu kunye nedemokhrasi. Uthi: โOlu luvo lwaluxhaphakile kwezoshishino nakwiinkokeli zopolitiko. โKhumbula isaci sikaGoogle malunga nowama-2000 sasisithi, 'Musa ukuba ngendawo.' โ
Kukho, nangona kunjalo, iimbali ezinqabileyo ze-Intanethi, ezaqala njengeprojekthi yokukhusela kwiminyaka engamashumi amathandathu. Abanye abagxeki, njengaye Isihlambo seLindle umbhali uYasha Levine, uya kukuxelela ukuba ukugcina iithebhu kwiintshukumo zokuchasana zasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle yayiyenye yeenjongo zoyilo loyilo lwenetha, esesinye sesizathu sokuba angothusi uninzi lweefemu ezinkulu ezisekwe kwi-Intanethi namhlanje - uFacebook, uGoogle, iAmazon - nayo ikhontrakthi. kunye nomkhosi kunye/okanye neenkonzo zokhuseleko.
Kwincwadi yakhe, uLevine ukhomba kwinto yokuba kwasekuqaleni, iproto-Web banked info eqokelelwe ngokuthandwa yi-Arhente yezoKhuselo kunye ne-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweSizwe. "Ukubek' esweni kwafakwa kwimishini yokuqala ye-Intanethi," utshilo uLevine.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni injongo emva kokuyila, kubonakala ngathi ingcinga encinci yanikwa indlela i-Intanethi eya kuba nefuthe ngayo kwishishini leendaba zorhwebo. U-Landweber, umzekelo, uthi abaphuhlisi be-Intanethi abazange bacinge ngehlabathi apho amaqonga e-Intanethi anokufumana amandla e-hegemonic kwesi sigaba. โUkufumana uninzi lweendaba zomntu kwi-Intanethi, kunye noluvo lokuba iinkampani zemithombo yeendaba zentlalo ziya kuxhaphaza idatha yomntu ngeenjongo zorhwebo okanye kwezopolitiko, bekungacingelwanga,โ utshilo. Wongeza, "Imeko yangoku inokuba yothusa abaphuhlisi be-Intanethi bokuqala."
Okusibuyisela kuFacebook, kude kube namhlanje kubonakala kungcono ukuba siqonde indlela ishishini leendaba elisebenza ngayo, njengoko kubonakala kugxininiso lwalo olude lokuba ayisiyonkampani yeendaba. Wired ude waphefumlelwa ukuba apapashe imibuzo ephoxayo yokuzinceda kuFacebook ophumeza โUyazi njani ukuba uyinkampani yemidiya.โ Yayiquka imibuzo efana nothi โNgaba ungowona mthombo weendaba mkhulu weli lizwe?โ
Impendulo nguewe oqinisekileyo. I-45 pesenti emangalisayo yabantu baseMelika bafumana iindaba zabo kulo mthombo omnye. Yongeza uGoogle, kwaye ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-70 zabantu baseMelika bafumana iindaba zabo kwiivenkile ezimbini. Iifemu zimbini ziphinde zatya malunga neepesenti ezingama-89 zokukhula kwentengiso yedijithali kulo nyaka uphelileyo, begxininisa amandla abo odwa kweli shishini.
Ukungabi nalwazi kukaFacebook apha ngaphambili kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuthabatha kumaphephandaba ukuba kube nzima ngakumbi ukucinga. Ngokuqinisekileyo, yonke imbali ye-Facebook iyamangalisa, kunye nemigangatho yeSilicon Valley, iqala ngento yokuba i-firm icinga ngokwayo njengentshukumo kwaye kungekhona umatshini omkhulu wokufunxa imali.
Yile ndlela uZuckerberg achaze ngayo i-Facebook kwi-Initial Public Offering (IPO) amaxwebhu ukusuka kwi-2012:
I-Facebook ayizange idalwe ukuba ibe yinkampani. Yakhelwe ukufezekisa umsebenzi wentlalo-ukwenza ihlabathi livuleke ngakumbi kwaye lixhumeke.
"Intsomi enkulu" malunga nenkampani, utshilo owayesakuba ngumphathi wentengiso kuFacebook u-Antonio Garcรญa Martรญnez, "yeyokuba uZuck unika i-shit malunga nemali."
UGarcรญa Martรญnez, onenkumbulo engafanelekanga malunga nexesha lakhe kuFacebook, wafowuna Chaos Monkeys, inokuba yeyona ncwadi yeshishini ihlekisayo ukusukela oko I-Poker yexoki, uyahleka njengoko ekhumbula ixesha awayelichithe kule nkampani.โ Oku kufana nehlelo likamesiya,โ utsho. U-Garcรญa Martรญnez ngoyena mntu unomdla kunye nomonakalo owonakalisayo owake wayishiya indawo ye-Facebook. Indibaniselwano ye-iconoclastic kaTravis McGee kunye noMichael Lewis, ungumfundi wangaphambili we-physics Ph.D. Umgqatswa waseBerkeley owayesebenza eGoldman Sachs ngaphambi kweminyaka emibini kuFacebook, kwaye ngoku uchitha ixesha lakhe elininzi ebhala kwaye ehamba ngesikhephe. Uye waphakamisa umkhusane kwiindlela ezingenalusini zokunyusa ingeniso azincedileyo ukuyila. Eyona nto iphambili kuye kuFacebook kubonakala kukungaziqondi kwakhe malunga namabhongo akhe.
UGarcรญa Martรญnez uhlala echaza imeko yenkampani njengenkolo engaqhelekanga apho uZuckerberg enqulwa njengesithixo esingaphosisiyo - uhlobo olufana neScientology, kodwa ngaphandle kukaTom Cruise okanye abahlaseli basemajukujukwini.
โUngalixela ixabiso lakho kwinkampani ngendawo ohleli kuyo ngokunxulumene noZuck,โ utshilo.
Inkolo kaFacebook ayibandakanyi ukuzalwa kwentombi enyulu. Iyenza, nangona kunjalo, ibonise intsomi yokudala i-asexual, enconywa ziiakhawunti ezingeyonyani ezifana Inethiwekhi yeNtlalo, apho uZuckerberg eboniswa uThixo omnye ngokudala ikamva ngeentsuku ezingaphantsi kwesixhenxe zokugqithisela ngokungenangqondo.
Ukusuka apho, uZuckerberg ngokusemthethweni wakhulisa inkampani ukuya kwimilinganiselo emangalisayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, wayenoncedo lwee-hotshots zeSilicon Valley ezifana ne-Napster's Sean Parker kunye notyalo-mali lwakwangoko oluvela kwizinto ezithandwa ngumseki we-PayPal, i-icon ye-libertarian, umxhasi weTrump wexesha elizayo kunye no-Gawker-smashing press critic Peter Thiel.
I-Facebook ibhaluni yobukhulu ngesantya esimangalisayo-ihambile ukusuka kwi-100 lezigidi zabasebenzisi ngo-2008 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-2.1 yeebhiliyoni namhlanje, ngokuqhubekayo isongeza abasebenzisi abazizigidi ezingama-50 ukuya kwi-100 ngekota, ngokuthe ngcembe izenza isikwere sedolophu yehlabathi. Kwaye iqhayisa ngeengeniso ezimangalisayo: i-$ 40.7 yeebhiliyoni ezimangalisayo kwi-2017 kuphela.
Ukuba i-Facebook yabona i-meteoric inyuka ngaphandle kokufumana idiphu enkulu kubasebenzisi inokuba nento yokwenza nento yokuba indawo yayiyilwe ngengqondo ukuba ibe likhoboka, njengoko umseki wokuqala uParker esanda kuphawula kwinkomfa yasePhiladelphia.
I-Facebook igcwele iimpawu ezifana "nokuthandwa" okuchaza amava akho okusefa nge-neuro-rushes ye-micro-approval - "i-dopamine encinci," njengoko uParker ebeka. Iingoma zinokuza nokufumana i-like xa uthumela umfanekiso wakho ubhontsi-uphakamisa ivili lesonka lesonka lesonka lesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni, okanye udanyazisa uphawu oluthi โLive Long and Prosperโ ngosuku lweInternational Star Trek, okanye nokuba yintoni na esihogweni oyenzayo. ngexesha lakho le-cyber. โYingxelo yengxelo yokuqinisekiswa koluntu,โ ucacise watsho uParker. "Ngqo uhlobo lwento umntu anokuza nayo, kuba uxhaphaza ubuthathaka kwingqondo yomntu."
Oku kuhambelana nento ethethwa nguGarcรญa Martรญnez malunga noFacebook. โAsiyonkampani yeendaba ngaphakathi,โ utshilo. "Yinkampani yehacker ngaphakathi."
Ukujonga i-Facebook nge-lens ye-hacker yenza kube lula ukuyiqonda. Ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwefemu kumxholo osimahla okanye ofunyenweyo yinto enye. Olunye kuhlengahlengiso lwayo oluqhelekileyo loxanduva lokuhlawula irhafu ngokuthi โlikomkhuluโ kwindawo yerhafu njengeIreland. Inkampani, njengoninzi lwezigebenga zetekhnoloji yanamhlanje, ibonakala ingahlawuli nto kwiirhafu kumazwe apho ithandwa kakhulu, umzekelo ukuhlawula nje i-4,327 yeerhafu zaseBritane kwi2014.
Yonke le nto ibetha uphawu oluthile lobuqhetseba obukhethekileyo kwisizukulwana esitsha seefemu zetekhnoloji, ezineenkokeli ezithanda ukubhiyozela "ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwaphule izinto" i-libertarian ethos. I-Thiels kunye ne-Zuckerbergs imele iklasi entsha ye-CEO eyathi, njengama-superheroes azizityebi ezizityebi kwii-movie ze-comic-book, banokufumana umsebenzi wenziwe ngokwabo ukuba kuphela i-pesky government toe-draggers yayiza kukhupha i-fuck endleleni. Imithetho, efana neepaywall kunye neerhafu, yeyabantu abafunxayo: Sibavuza abantu abanokuthi badlule kuyo.
Zuckerberg, kwiprofayile yakhe ngemihla โzintwd.com,โ wada wazibhala โnjengoTshaba lukaRhulumente.โ
Kwincwadi yakhe, uGarcรญa Martรญnez uchaza indawo apho umntwana wekholeji ogama linguChris Putnam wavelisa intsholongwane eyenza iphrofayili yakho ye-Facebook ibonakale njenge-MySpace, kwaye isuse umxholo womsebenzisi ukuze uqalise. Endaweni yokuthatha amanyathelo asemthethweni, uFacebook wamqesha. โI-ethos ye-hacker yoyisa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into,โ utshilo uGarcรญa Martรญnez.
Yingcamango ephosakeleyo yokuba i-Facebook ithengisa idatha yobuqu yabasebenzisi bayo. Into eyithengisayo bubuchule bayo bokuxhwila kunye nokuhlalutya ulwazi lwakho lobuqu kuyo yonke indawo - kwisiza nangaphandle kwayo. UFacebook uhlala ujonga ukuba ngubani oza kukhumbula isikhumbuzo, ngubani onobudlelwane obukude, osebenzisa amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala, othanda ibaseball nothanda iqakamba, obukele uRamadan, othathe inxaxheba kwisabelo sexesha, kunye nezinye izinto ezingenakubalwa.
Ukuba idatha enjalo iqokelelwa ikakhulu ukutyhala ngokufanelekileyo iintengiso ebusweni bakho iqondwa ngokubanzi namhlanje. Yintoni engaqondwa kakuhle kukuba ukwenza imali ngolwazi lomsebenzisi yayiyeyona nto iphambili yemodeli yeshishini likaFacebook ebuyela kwiintsuku zayo zokuqala.
โBesisoloko sisebenzisa idatha,โ utshilo uMosseri, ophethe iNdlela yeNdaba. "Siyenzele ukuphucula amava omsebenzisi."
Ukuthatha kuka-Mosseri - okucacisa indima edlalwa ziintengiso zedatha ekukhuleni kwangoko kwenkampani - iqhelekile kubakhuseli bakaFacebook. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngokungafaniyo neenkampani zeendaba zemveli, iinkosi zabo zokuhlela bezisoloko zicaphukela abathengisi bazo njengeendlela ezisezantsi zobomi kwaye zala ukuvuma impembelelo yazo kwizigqibo zokusasazwa kweendaba, uFacebook kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala wayene-schizoid, isimo sengqondo esinentloni ngakuyo. isebe lentengiso.
Ekuqaleni, inkampani ayizange ibonise iintengiso. UZuckerberg, xa wayethetha esidlangalaleni malunga neentengiso ngelo xesha, wathi kuphela unokunikela ngazo "kwixesha elizayo" ngezizathu eziluncedo, oko kukuthi, "ukuphelisa iindleko zeeseva."
Hayi i-40 yeebhiliyoni zeedola okanye nantoni na, iipeni ezimbalwa apha naphaya.
I-Facebook yakhawuleza yaseka ipateni ngaphakathi kwefemu apho abaxhasi kunye namaqabane baphuhlisa itekhnoloji enamandla yokwenza imali, ngelixa i-Christ-complexing Zuckerberg igxininise ekwandiseni ilifu lokuzivuyisa okuthe kwaqala ukujikeleza phezu kwebhaluni ye-Facebook yobukho behlabathi.
Ixesha nexesha, uFacebook wayesenza intshukumo eqaqambise esidlangalaleni โumsebenzi wakhe wentlalontle,โ ngelixa eneneni yayikhulisa uqoqosho lwayo kunye nesabelo semalike esikhulayo.
Enye yeengxaki zokuqala zikaFacebook, umzekelo, yayikukuba ubutsha babantu babelane ngemifanekiso yeendebe zebhola ekhatywayo zabantwana babo bakhawuleza baphela. Ngaphandle komxholo oneheft ethe kratya, i-Facebook yayiyinto enye umbhali weshishini ohlekisayo ayibiza ngokuba "yindawo yobudenge, i-AOL yabantu abadala."
Loo nto yatshintsha ngokwaziswa koMxholo weNdaba ngoSeptemba 2006. Eli nyathelo liye layiguqula indlela yokuncokola kunye neshishini leendaba. Emva phaya, isondlo sasiyilwe ngokucacileyo ukuba sihambelane ngakumbi nendawo enetyhefu engapheliyo-yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kunomthombo weendaba wokwenyani.
โUkutya kweendaba kuqaqambisa okwenzekayo kwintlalontle yakho kuFacebook,โ utshilo umphathi wemveliso uRuchi Sangvi. Uya kwazi xa uMarko esongeza uBritney Spears kwiiFavorites zakhe okanye xa isithandwa sakho singatshatanga kwakhona.
Phakathi kokufumanisa ukuba uZuck uyamthanda u-Britney Spears okanye i-tralking target yangaphambili yayitshintshile imeko yakhe yobudlelwane, ngoku unokufumana amakhonkco - iindaba! Iziganeko ezinje ngaxeshanye ezihlekisayo nezothusayo zichitha indlela eya kwiNtlekele yeMedia eNkulu ka-2016.
Nangona yayibonakala ingenamsebenzi ebusweni bayo, Facebook News Feed wenza isigculelo umthengi kwi-24-iyure cable-itshaneli yeendaba, nto leyo eneneni nje iluphu ephindaphindayo ezimbalwa iingxelo zemihla ngemihla. I-Facebook yenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuba babone ngaphezu kwe-1,000 amabali eendaba ngosuku, kwaye ngokomyinge umsebenzisi wabona, phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye izinto, malunga ne-200. Le nto yayiyinkcubeko ye-hacker ebhaliweyo kwakhona, ekubeni isondlo sakhiwe ngeenxa zonke. Umxholo uthatyathwe simahla kwi-ether ye-Intanethi.
UChavern uthi: โIimpawu zemidiya ziyahlanjululwa xa abantu bethetha izinto ezinje, 'Ndiyifunde kuFacebook.'
Oku bekungaphezulu kwengxaki yophawu kwiifemu zosasazo. Yayingumba onzulu owawuthetha ngendlela iinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo zabathengi beendaba zanamhlanje eziye zajijwa ngayo.
Ngaphambili, umntu kwakufuneka enze isigqibo esaziyo sokuthabatha iphephandaba, avule iindaba zangokuhlwa okanye athenge iphephancwadi. Ngoku, iindaba zifikile kuwe - zade zanikelwa kuwe, zacetyiswa ngendlela igqwirha elinikezela ngayo ikhadi - njengenxalenye yamava okuzonwabisa okwenziwa agqwetha ulindelo lwabathengi ngendlela ethe ngqo.
"Ndiyifundile le kuFacebook" kungekudala yathetha into efana nale "Ndiyifunde kwiseshini yokuphulula amaphambili ngobukrelekrele." Iindaba ziye zaba yinto eyenze ukuba iphumelele kuphela xa ingena kwezo ndawo ziqhubekayo, zexesha lemini uFacebook wayebhabha ngqo kwiziko lakho lokuzonwabisa. Kwangaxeshanye, ezi ndaba zayeka ukuba yinkqubo yosasazo eyenzelwe ukuba yetyiswe, ngokulungileyo okanye ngokugula, liqela, njengoko iintsapho zazikhe zenza kwisonka sazo senyama sasebusuku.
Eyona ngxaki kubo bonke, nangona kunjalo, yayiyindibaniselwano yohlalutyo lwedatha ye-algorithmic kunye nomxholo weendaba wasimahla, okhawulezileyo weendaba ezingafunekiyo ezazisele ziqalisile ukutyhefa ishishini leendaba. Izikhululo zikamabonakude ezifana noFox kudala zayilahla into onokuthi uyibize โyitya imifuno yakhoโ kumajelo eendaba, oko kukuthi, iindaba, ezihlala ziphanda, ezifuna umgudu obalulekileyo wengqondo wokuqonda, ukukulungela ukubuza iinkolelo zakho, okanye zombini.
Ukuva iindaba zakudala zibalisa, kutyholwa ukuba kwakukho ixesha apho thina zinambuzane ezonakalisayo zamajelo eendaba asizange sikhuphe inkunkuma ngenxa yehlazo elimsulwa. Abantu abadala bade babalise iintsomi, mhlawumbi ezingaphefumlelwanga, zeentsuku apho abaphathi bentengiso babengavunyelwanga nokuba kumgangatho omnye njengabasebenzi bomhleli.
Kodwa nge-Eighties kunye ne-Nineties, wonke umntu weendaba wayeqonda ukuba abaphulaphuli babenomdla ngakumbi ngokubona imifanekiso, ukuzalwa kwe-panda kunye nabasasazi beendaba kunye nokumelana nemimoya yenkanyamba kunokuba babekhathalele iindaba. Ukuveliswa kwezikhululo ezinje ngeFox yayikukuthengisa ukubukulwa kwabemi bamanye amazwe kunye nobuhlanga ukongeza kubuqhetseba obuchukumisayo.
Kodwa noFox khange akwazi ukukhuphisana nekamva eliqaqambileyo njengoFacebook xa kufikwa ekuhambiseni iindaba ezilungiselelwe ngokungqongqo okona kunqenayo, kubi kakhulu, kubuncinci ukunyamezela ubukrelekrele bakho. UFacebook wayesazi ngakumbi ngawe buqu, into onokuthi uyithande kunye nento enokuchukumisa iziko lakho lentiyo, kunayo nayiphi na iTV, isikhululo sikanomathotholo okanye iphephandaba elakhe lanalo.
U-Ben Scott, owathi kunye noGhosh wabhala iphepha ku-Facebook elibizwa ngokuba yi-"Digital Deceit" yeNew America Foundation, uthi amandla amaqonga e-Intanethi ukufanisa abantu kunye nenkunkuma yengqondo ayengazange abonwe ngaphambili.
UScott uthi: โUlibale ngokuphinda ubone ukutya-imifuno yakho kwakhona. "Kwihlabathi elitsha, awuyi kubona kuphela imidiya yeswekile, kodwa uya kubona kuphela uphawu lwakho oluthandayo lweendaba zeswekile. Olunye ulwazi, awuzukwazi nokuba lukhona. โ
UGqr. Ofir Turel waseCalifornia State University-Fullerton, obhalwe ngokubanzi malunga ne-Facebook, uthi ukusetyenziswa kwesayithi kuneempawu ezininzi zomsebenzi wokulutha, njengokulula ukusetyenziswa, imivuzo eguquguqukayo kunye neemvakalelo zokukhathazeka xa singabandakanyekanga. nayo.
UTurel uthi: โZonke izinto ezilumlutha zisebenza kwinkqubo yomvuzo oguquguqukayo,โ utshilo uTurel, oqikelela ukuba malunga nesihlanu ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini labemi ngoku banokuhlangabezana nemilinganiselo yokuba semngciphekweni wokuba likhoboka lemidiya yoluntu. Abasebenzisi abangapheliyo bachitha iiyure bejonge ngamehlo eglasi kwizikrini bekhangela izinto ezincinci eziza nokuthandwa okanye ngokufundwa kwamanqaku aqinisekisa iimbono zabo. Ubude bengqondo bucuthekile. Uphononongo olwenziwa yiProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (ewe, i-acronym yi-PNAS) iqukumbele ngelithi, "Abasebenzisi be-Facebook babenokunxibelelana nenani eliqingqiweyo lemithombo yeendaba."
Ukongeza, bathi, "Oyena mqhubi wokusasazwa kolwazi olungeyonyani kukwahlulwahlulwa kwabasebenzisi kwiingxelo ezithile endaweni yokunqongophala kweziqinisekiso ezijongiwe." Uguqulo: Ukucinga okonqena kunye nendawo ekhuselekileyo yengqondo ikhokelela kulwazi olungeyonyani kuneendaba zobuxoki.
Facebook's News Feed yayiyinxalenye enkulu yenkqubo yokuvuza eyenzelwe ukugcina abantu bebuya. โUmdla asikokwazisa,โ utshilo uTurel. "Umdla kukwenza ukuba uhlale kwindawo."
UPeter Eckersley, usosayensi oyintloko wekhompyuter kwi-Electronic-Frontier Foundation, uchaza iNdlela yeNdaba namagama anqabileyo. Uthi: โYenzelwe ukufanisa abantu nolwazi oluza kubethelela ucalucalulo abanalo, enoba luyintoni na.
Abameli bakaFacebook bazithethelela ngokusisiseko zonke izenzo zabo kwisiseko sokuba ukudibanisa abantu ngokwendalo kuyinxalenye yehlabathi. Imemo yamva nje evuza kwiBuzzfeed ibonise enye inkampani ephetheyo evuma ukuba abanqolobi banokusebenzisa le ndawo ukulungelelanisa ngempumelelo uhlaselo, kodwa kwenzeka ntoni kuba โsidibanisa abantu. Ixesha. Yiyo loo nto wonke umsebenzi esiwenzayo ekukhuleni ufanelekile.โ
Ngaphaya koko, amagosa enkampani athi ukusebenzisa ingqokelela yedatha ukwenza zombini iintengiso ozibonayo kunye neendaba ovezwa kuzo ezilungiselelwe wena buqu yinto entle ngokwenene. U-Mosseri ubonisa ukuba i-Facebook ayikho inkqubo yeendaba kodwa i-intanethi yoluntu apho abantu bathetha ngayo yonke into phantsi kwelanga kunye nabahlobo babo. Kwaye uninzi lwabantu lunabahlobo abaninzi kangangokuba ukuhlala kwiqamza lobudenge obungenasiphelo, uthi, akunakwenzeka.
Uthi: โKunzima ukuba nabahlobo abaninzi abacinga okufanayo. "Ngokubanzi, ilungelelanisa izinto."
Enye into elungelelanisayo? Ubudala. Kukho ubungqina bokuba aba bancinane kakhulu, njengoko bedla ngokwenza, bayawugatya umkhwa ombi wesizukulwana sabazali babo. Malunga ne-100 lezigidi zabasebenzisi bakaFacebook eMelika baneminyaka engama-25-44 ngo-2018, kodwa iba yidayisi emva koko, ngabasebenzisi abazizigidi ezisisi-6.8 abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-13 ne-17.
Ibhiliyoni yeTekhnoloji kunye nomnini kaDallas Mavericks uMark Cuban, obesoloko egxeka kakhulu uFacebook, uthi ixesha lingajongana nenkampani. โNdicinga ukuba baphulukana nefuthe lasekhaya, ngaphandle kwempembelelo kwimillennials kunye nabancinci,โ utshilo. Kodwa [banempembelelo] eyothusayo kwi-boomers kunye ne-Gen X'ers.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngo-2013, Ngaphambi nje kokuba uFacebook uye esidlangalaleni, abaphathi bazame ukweyisela uZuckerberg ukuba abe ngumnini wendalo esisiseko yenkampani yakhe kwaye atyhale le nkampani idlule iRubicon ebalulekileyo yeenqobo ezisesikweni nezemali. Ingxoxo-mpikiswano yayiphezu kokutshintsha imimiselo yenkonzo ye-Facebook ukuze abasebenzisi bavume ukuvumela idatha efunyenwe kwiqhosha elidumileyo elithi "like" ukuba lisetyenziselwe iinjongo zorhwebo.
Inkampani ibichasile ubuncinci lo mbono, kwaye nokuba i-IPO isondela, uZuckerberg warhoxa. โUngalisebenzisi iqhosha elifanayo,โ utshilo uGarcรญa Martรญnez nabanye ekuqaleni kuka-2012.
Uninzi lwexabiso likaFacebook lalikwiqhosha elifana nalo. Xa abasebenzisi bethanda into ethile, ngakumbi kuphononongo lwemveliso ngokuzithandela kunye novavanyo, ivelise ubukrelekrele malunga nendlela yokujolisa ngempumelelo kwabo bantu banentengiso. Ngaphezu koko, abasebenzisi ababona abahlobo babo bethanda imveliso kunokwenzeka ukuba bazame loo mveliso ngokwabo.
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ngoMeyi 18th, i-2013, inkampani ibambe i-IPO yayo, kwaye iqalise nge-capitalisation ye-market ye-104 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Kodwa i-IPO yayithathwa njenge-fiasco kwiWall Street. Kwakhona kubangele isiphithiphithi esingephi xa ingxelo yokuqala ye-10-K yenkampani yakhululwa, ebonisa ukuba i-firm yathatha ithuba lokukhetha i-stock-option loopholes ukwenza ngaphezu kwebhiliyoni yenzuzo ngaphandle kokuhlawula idime kwi-state okanye irhafu ye-federal - enyanisweni, i-Facebook. ngo 2013 wafumana $429 million isaphulelo serhafu.
Ukukhutshwa okukhulu koluntu nakonakaliswa ngamatyala, kwaye ixabiso lesitokhwe laqala ukuhla emva kweengeniso eziphoxayo. Izabelo ekuqaleni zithengiswe kwi-38 yeedola, kwaye zehla ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-$ 17.55 kamva ngaloo nyaka.
Njengoko ibisenza ngokungaguqukiyo kwimbali yayo, ifemu, xa ijongene noxinzelelo lwezemali, yaqhubela phambili kwicala lokwenza imali ngedatha yabasebenzisi. Kule meko, ekugqibeleni yahamba emva kweqhosha elifanayo.
Ngaphezulu konyaka emva kwe-IPO, ngomhla we-12 kaJuni, i-2014, i-Facebook yazisa ngokuthula utshintsho kwimimiselo yayo yenkonzo. "Ukuqala kwakamsinya e-US, siza kubandakanya ulwazi oluvela kwezinye iiwebhusayithi kunye neeapps ozisebenzisayo," yabhala inkampani. "Olu luhlobo lwentengiso esekwe kumdla, kwaye iinkampani ezininzi sele zikwenza oku."
I-Facebook ayizange isebenzise idatha yayo ukunceda abakhangisi babeke iintengiso ezijoliswe kuzo. Ikwasebenzise itekhnoloji ephuculweyo ye-AI kunye nezixhobo ezifana ne-GPS ukulandelela ulwazi lwabasebenzisi ukuze bafunde ngakumbi nangakumbi ngabo, lonke eli xesha lihlala liphucula ukufikelela kunye namandla ezakhono zentengiso zenkampani. Mhlawumbi ngowona mzekelo ukhohlakeleyo, i-Facebook ifake isicelo (kwaye ifunyenwe, kunyaka ophelileyo) i-patent yesixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Techniques, ukufumanisa imvakalelo kunye nokuhanjiswa komxholo. Ingasebenzisa ikhamera ekwifowuni yakho ukuthatha imifanekiso yakho njengoko uskrola kumxholo. I-Facebook yayiza kusebenzisa uhlalutyo lobuso ukulinganisa ukuba wenze kangakanani okanye awuzange uwuthande umxholo ekuthethwa ngawo, ukuze ubone ukuba luhlobo luni lwezinto onokuthi uzithumele. Izimvo ezinje zezona zenza uFacebook, ngamanye amaxesha, uzive ngathi lilokishi elikhulu elinegazi elijinga kwilobe yakho yangaphambili.
UGhosh, obesebenza kubumfihlo behlabathi kunye nemiba yomgaqo-nkqubo woluntu kuFacebook, uthi itekhnoloji yenkampani yakhawuleza yasebenza ngaphaya kwentelekelelo yakhe nabani na, kwaye ayizange iphelele ekubekweni kweentengiso.
Ukhomba, umzekelo, kwinkqubo "yenethiwekhi yabaphulaphuli", apho umkhangisi unokucela i-Facebook ukuba ingagcini nje ukubeka iintengiso phambi kwabasebenzisi abanokuthi baphendule kubo, kodwa bahambe emva kwamehlo kwezinye iisayithi.
โMhlawumbi umthengisi nguNike kwaye bajonge ukuthengisa ii-Air Jordans ezintsha kumadoda aneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kuma-35 kwindawo ye-DC metro,โ utshilo uGhosh. Ke baya kubeka iintengiso phambi kwabasebenzisi be-100,000 bakaFacebook, emva koko bakhulise abaphulaphuli babo ukuze babeke intengiso phambi kwabaphulaphuli abalinganayo kwezinye iinethiwekhi - mhlawumbi. NBA.com okanye indawo yezemidlalo okanye nantoni na.โ
Ngalo lonke ixesha ibeka isikhangiso kwiphulo elinje, iqonga elifana ne-Facebook lifunda ngakumbi nangakumbi malunga nendlela yokutolika ngokufanelekileyo idatha, kungekhona nje ngabasebenzisi bayo kodwa malunga nezinye iisayithi kunye nabasebenzisi bezinye iisayithi.
EYurophu nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, ezi zenzo maxa wambi zaziphembelela uqhanqalazo kunye nesenzo solawulo. Ngo-2015, iBelgium yafuna ukuba i-Facebook iyeke ukulandelela idatha yomsebenzisi xa umsebenzisi eyishiyile indawo, ekubikwa ukuba ibisenziwa ukusukela ngo-2014.
Yile nto abantu abangayiqondiyo malunga nengxaki "yeendaba zobuxoki". Oku asikokuqhekeka kwinkqubo. Yona is inkqubo. Ubudala obutsha bokusasazwa kolwazi olujoliswe kuyo lwenzelwe ukwenza amaphulo okukhwabanisa angenzeki nje kodwa angenakuphepheka. Yinto imveliso eyenzelwe yona.
Ngaphezu koko, konke kusekwe kubuchule bentengiso obusemthethweni ngokupheleleyo. UScott, owabhala kunye "Ubuqhetseba beDijithali," unika umzekelo weendaba zobuxoki ezisetyenziswe ngamaqela aseYurophu asekunene.
โUyakubona ibali elingeyonyani kwibhlog encinci kwenye indawo, mhlawumbi malunga nabaphambukeli abaqhankqalaza kwisixeko esikhulu,โ utshilo. "Into elandelayo oyaziyo, enye i-tabloid iphakamisa isihloko esithi: 'I-Alleged Riot eMunich!' Emva koko uya kubona umntu ekhuthaza isihogo kwelo bali esebenzisa ukuthengisa okujoliswe kuko. Ngenxa yokuba amaqonga ayazi kakuhle ukuba ngabaphi abantu abaza kujolisa kuwe, unokuhlawula ukuze ufumane loo mxholo ukhuthazwayo kubo bonke abo bantu. Ukusuka apho, abasebenzisi babelana ngebali ngokwabo, kwaye lihamba nentsholongwane, โuqhubeka uScott. "Kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha amaqonga esenza elinye lala maphulo, afunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba ngubani onokuchaphazeleka kwimiyalezo."
Yile ndlela kanye iintengiso "zefama yetroli yaseRussia" bezisetyenziswa ngayo. Iitroli ezichazwe kwisityholo sikaRobert Mueller ngokulula zisebenzisa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezinikezelwa nguFacebook kubakhangisi. Baza kuthatha isiqwenga somxholo-umzekelo, umfanekiso ohlekisayo kaHillary Clinton njengoSathana, ujijisana noYesu phantsi kwesihloko esithi "Ukuba ndiyaphumelela, uClinton uyaphumelela" - kwaye bayiqhumisele kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo ngeNdlela yeNdaba. Ekuphela komkhondo wokuba intengiso ityhalwe kuwe ngokwentengiso iza ngombhalo omncinci ophelelweyo wokufunda "uxhaswe" phantsi kwegama lephepha lemvelaphi.
Ngaphandle kwezilumkiso ezibuhlungu ezivela kwi-Senate Democrats malunga nokuba ishumi elinambini le-troll elichitha i-dollar ezimbalwa kwezi ntengiso likwazile ukufikelela kubantu abazizigidi ezili-126, owona mbandela unzima kakhulu kukuba abadlali abaneepokotho ezinzulu kakhulu bebesebenzisa amaqhinga afanayo. "I-Facebook iya kuthengisa kuye nabani na ukuba kukho imbiza yegolide ekugqibeleni," yindlela enye yezopolitiko eyibeka ngayo.
UScott uthi: โKungenxa yoko le nto lonke ibali laseRashiya lalingaqondwa kakuhle. "Abantu bazama ukuqonda ukuba iintengiso ze-100,000 zeedola zinokufikelela njani kubantu abazizigidi ezili-126, xa into ekufuneka bacinge ngayo lifuthe lephulo likaTrump lokuchitha amashumi ezigidi zeedola kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo."
UBrad Parscale, umlawuli wedijithali kaTrump kwiphulo le-2016, ucinga ukuba i-furor malunga ne-Facebook enoxanduva lonyulo lukaTrump ayifani. Basebenzisa iintengiso ezininzi zikaFacebook, utshilo, ngenxa yendalo engaqhelekanga yeemfuno zentengiso zikaTrump.
nangona The New York Times umbiko U-Parscale wanyanzelwa ukuba "azame i-firm," u-Parscale ngokwakhe uye wahlekisa ngendima eyadlalwa nguCambridge Analytica kweli phulo kwaye wagxininisa ukuba i-Facebook yinto nje yokuzikhethela yendalo yomviwa wakhe.
โUnyulo luyafana neemuvi xa kufikwa kwintengiso,โ uParscale wandicacisela kudliwanondlebe lwangaphambili. Uthetha ngoosopolitiki abanohlobo lokubanjwa, ngokungathi abahlukanga kwiisepha okanye kwiimveliso zeesiriyeli. โUneeTomato eziBolileyo zeemuvi, iPolitiko ecacileyo yonyulo, into enye. Ukuba bhanyabhanya entsha ngokupheleleyo kunye nabalinganiswa abatsha, ngoko uya banzi kumabonakude ukwazisa imveliso entsha engaziwayo. NgeTrump, imarike yayimazi. Yayingumbuzo wokufikelela kwiqela elithile labantu kwiindawo ezithile ekufuneka siphume kuzo. Iyenzeka kanye loo nto uFacebook eyilungeleyo. โ
Kodwa uFacebook akufuneki atyholwe ngokuba ngumthengisi osebenzayo. Ingxaki kukuba kutheni isebenza, iqala ngesikali sayo se-monopolistic.
Ngokulula nje ngokukhula okukhulu kangangokuba i-firm yakhe yaphela ngokuyimfuneko ngokuma phakathi kwabapapashi beendaba kunye nabathengi beendaba, ehlala edala imithetho malunga nokuba ngubani obone oko, uZuckerberg kunye ne-Facebook baye baba yinto engazange ibe nayo iMelika ngaphambili: umlawuli weendaba ozinzileyo, we-facto. Indalo yonke apho uninzi lwabantu baseMelika bafumana iindaba zabo ngesihluzo esikhulu sineziphumo ezininzi ezinkulu.
UChavern weNews Media Alliance uthi: โKukho umphumo omkhulu kwezoqoqosho. โAsizange sibe nomntu ophakathi ngaphambili. Ngoku sinomntu ophakathi, oqokelela zonke iidola.โ
Uqoqosho sesona sizathu sokuba uninzi lwamagumbi eendaba namhlanje abukeke njengenkunkuma yasemva kwenyukliya. Ngowuphi umntu onengqondo enokuthenga indawo yentengiso ukuze athengise iimoto kuyo localnewspaper.com ngethemba elingacacanga lokubamba i-eyeballs echanekileyo, xa i-Facebook inokukhonza ngokukhawuleza amadoda angama-40,000 aneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kuma-54 anokuthi athenge imoto kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezizayo?
Amajelo osasazo anokuthengisa kuphela abaphulaphuli abangamaqela angacacanga kubathengisi. UFacebook unokuzisa abarhwebi kanye kumnyango womthengi ngamnye phantse kanye ngalo mzuzu isandla sakhe sifikelela kuso isipaji sakhe. Akukho luthelekiso, yiyo loo nto iinkampani ezimbini - uGoogle kunye noFacebook - zilawula iipesenti ezingama-63.1 yazo zonke iintengiso zedijithali kwaye, njengoko bekuphawuliwe ngaphambili, phantse lonke ukukhula kwelo shishini.
Isabelo semarike ngumba omnye kuphela. Enye ingxaki - ubukho be-algorithms ebonisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba ngubani oza kubona ukuba yeyiphi into - ibaluleke kakhulu.
โBaqulunqe imithetho yokuba ngubani oza kubona ukuba yeyiphi na into,โ utshilo uChavern. โBakwatshintsha imithetho ngalo lonke ixesha. Kwaye ikwayimithetho eyimfihlo.โ
Thetha nabaphathi bemithombo yeendaba malunga noFacebook, kwaye baya kukhalaza ngokungapheliyo ngezinto ezimbini: enye, yokuba abanakuze bafumane impendulo ethe ngqo kwinkampani malunga nendlela i-algorithm esebenza ngayo (โUnethamsanqa ukuba ungafumana umntu ifowuni,โ ihewu umshicileli omnye), kwaye ezimbini, ukuba bafumana iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokuphucula umxholo, iingcebiso zitshintsha rhoqo.
Iisayithi zeMedia zihlala zitshintsha zonke izicwangciso zabo zorhwebo ukuzama ukufikelela kubantu abaninzi nge-Facebook News Feed - i-mania yamva nje yayinomxholo wevidiyo - kuphela ukuba i-algorithm itshintshe ngokukhawuleza.
Ngexesha elithile, abanye abaphuhlisi beendaba bazama ukwakha iibrendi ezizinikele kumdlalo we-Facebook. Kodwa iisayithi ezinje ngeMashable kunye ne-Upworthy ziyathengiswa okanye zibeka phantsi abasebenzi emva kwempumelelo yokuqala. Akukho nje indlela yokwakha isicwangciso esingaguqukiyo malunga nenkqubo ehlala iguquka, eyimfihlo.
Nangona kunjalo, intshukumo yamva nje kaFacebook yokulinganisa kwakhona iNdlela yeNdaba kwakhona, ngeli xesha ngexabiso elitsha elingancediyo elifana โnemithombo ethembekileyoโ kunye โnexesha elichithwe kakuhle,โ liya kuyiphelisa ingcinga yokuba iinkampani zeendaba azixhomekekanga kuFacebook. sinda.
Utshintsho lwamva nje endaweni yoko "luya kusebenza njengenxeba lokugqibela ukuya kuthi ga kumashumi amabini eminyaka yokucinga okukhohlisayo," njengoko umbhali weVentureBeat uChris O'Brien esitsho.
Ukuba ngqongqo kwe-algorithms kunyanzelise iifemu zeendaba ukuba ziphembelele uFacebook kunye noGoogle ngendlela amanye amashishini anokuphembelela amasebe karhulumente. Umzekelo weklasikhi ngumlo obizwa ngokuba ngumthetho othi "cofa okokuqala simahla".
Kangangeminyaka, uGoogle wayenomgaqo onika ukubonakala okukhulu kwiinkampani zemidiya ezinikezela ubuncinci umxholo wasimahla. Iivenkile zakhalaza ngalo mthetho, abathi babumba ishishini kwasekuqaleni kwexesha le-intanethi, benyanzela iifemu ukuba zihambe kwiimodeli ezisekwe kubhaliso. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo, uGoogle ekugqibeleni wawucima umthetho ngo-Okthobha 2017, kodwa umonakalo wawusele wenziwe.
Malunga nezo modeli zisekelwe kumrhumo: Kukho abantu abakholelwa ukuba kuphela kwethemba leendaba kukuququzelela, njengoko imanyano ibiya kwenza, kwaye ngokudibeneyo inyanzelise i-paywall enkulu, bekhanyela i-Facebook kunye ne-hacker ethos yolwandle lomxholo wasimahla obomi bayo.
Kodwa umntu uya kuba nzima ukufumana umphathi weendaba okholelwa ukuba isicwangciso esinjalo sinethuba lokusebenza.
โAwuwubizi lo mdlalo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kodwa yi-4 kunye ne-30 yethu sonke,โ utshilo uMcChesney. โAkukho sicombululo sorhwebo. Akukho modeli yeshishini lomlingo eliza kusindisa ishishini leendaba. Lixesha lokuba sonke sijongane neenyani.โ
Nokuba i-Facebook ilungile imbonakalo yoluntu lwanamhlanje okanye umqhubi ophambili walo, umfanekiso awumhle. Amaqhinga amangalisayo enkampani okumba idatha atshatelwe kwinkohliso engapheliyo yenkcubeko yokuzenzela iye yanceda ekudaleni umhlaba apho iibhiliyoni zabantu zihamba ngeentloko ezigobileyo, zisindwa bullshit zazo, amehlo encanyathiselwe kwizixhobo zeselfowuni ezisifundelayo. ngokukhawuleza kunokuba sinokuzifunda.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba abaphulaphuli bathembela kumajelo eendaba kancinci kunangaphambili kodwa batya iindaba kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ezo nkcukacha zimbini zedatha ezikhathaza kakhulu zibonisa ukuba i-Fourth Estate, eyenzelwe ukwazisa uluntu kwaye ibonelele ngetshekhi ebalulekileyo kumandla, endaweni yoko iguquka ibe yimveliso yolonwabo, ephumelelayo okanye engasekelwanga kwindlela ubuchopho bethu buqinisekisa ngayo ngokukhawuleza ulwazi olunikiweyo. . Oku kuchasene nendlela iindaba ekumele zisebenze ngayo.
UGarcรญa Martรญnez uthi: โNgaxa lithile, ummi wayenelungelo lokufumana uluvo. "Ngoku, baziva ngathi banelungelo kwinyani yabo."
Yoyikeka yonke loo nto, ayililo nelona xesha likaxakeka langoko. Kanye kunye neGoogle, i-Facebook yi-duopoly ecacileyo, evele inamandla amaninzi kwiinkalo zokusasazwa kweendaba kunye nentengiso yedijithali.
Iimpikiswano zamva nje ziye zaphefumlela izindululo ezingenakubalwa zendlela "yokuphucula" i-Facebook. Abanye bacinezele irhafu eya kukhaba ingeniso ye-Facebook ibuyele kubuntatheli obunomdla woluntu. Abanye baye bacela ukuvalwa okulula kokufunyanwa kwezinto ezintsha, ukuthintela ifemu ekuhlutheni iipropathi ezinjenge-Instagram kunye ne-WhatsApp xa ngokucacileyo ayikwazi ukulawula ezo sele inazo.
Kodwa xa ithumba liqala ukukhula amazinyo neenwele, awuzikama iinwele. Uyayitsala loo nto. Kwaye kwavela ukuba sinendlela yokwenza oko.
Kufuneka saphule i-Facebook, ngendlela efanayo esaphule ngayo i-Oli eStandard, i-AT&T kunye nezinye ezingenakubalwa zabanye oozwilakhe beshishini bexesha elidlulileyo. Isizathu sokuziphatha ukuba asikho semthethweni sicacile: Ushicilelo lwasimahla olusebenzayo alukwazi ukuhlalisana nomlawuli wabucala ongaphendulekiyo.
Isenzo sokungathembeki sivakala sigqithise, kodwa xa kunikwa ezinye iindlela - amaqela ahlukeneyo acebise ukudala amagumbi eenkwenkwezi ajonge inyani nokuba kurhulumente, kuFacebook okanye zombini - inokuba sesona sisombululo sincinci, eso singadali "semthethweni" umgangatho. oko kunokusongela amajelo eendaba angomnye okanye aphikisayo.
Umbuzo ngulo, ngaba singakwazi ngokwenene ukophula uFacebook?
โKunzima,โ utshilo owayesakuba yirhuluneli yaseNew York kunye negqwetha jikelele u-Eliot Spitzer, obepolisa iWall Street phantse iminyaka elishumi. "Ngenxa yokuba ubungakanani bemarike yodwa, ngaphandle kokuba ifunyenwe ngeendlela ezingafanelekanga, ayisosiseko sesenzo."
Ngokovavanyo olunzima urhulumente kufuneka adibane ukuze afake iintshukumo eziphumelelayo zokungathembeki namhlanje, urhulumente akafuneki nje ukubonisa ubukho be-monopoly, kodwa ukuba abathengi babi kakhulu phantsi kwayo, ngokuxhomekeke kumaxabiso "angaphezu kwesiqhelo". Ityala elichasene ne-Facebook ayikho i-slam dunk esemthethweni.
Kodwa ayizizo zonke iingozi zentengiso malunga namanani aluhlaza, kwaye ezinye zezenzo zokungathembeki zamva nje, njengokuqhekeka kukaMa Bell, zivulele urhulumente umnyango wokuthathela ingqalelo izinto ngaphandle kwexabiso nje.
"Phantsi kohlalutyo lwesithethe lokungathembeki, umba kukuba ingaba umthengi uhlawula ngaphezulu na," utshilo uSen. UJohn Kennedy, igqwetha lequmrhu. "Kodwa iinkundla ziqala ukujonga ezinye iintlobo zokwenzakala kwezoqoqosho." UKennedy, waseRiphabhlikhi, uthi "ibhokisi emnyama" yeefemu ezinje ngoFacebook, kudityaniswe nefuthe labo elingazange libonwe ngaphambili, zenza kube yimfuneko ngokungxamisekileyo ukuba urhulumente athathele ingqalelo zonke iinketho.
Uthi: โSikwihlabathi elitsha elinesibindi. โSiyavuka kwaye sifumanisa ukuba ezinye zezi nkampani azizonkampani โ ngamazwe.โ
Isisombululo sokwenyani kule ngxaki iya kuba kukucofa umva kusetyenziso lwetekhnoloji yokuqokelelwa kwedatha eye yajika iinkampani ezinje ngeFacebook zaba ziinguqulelo zale mihla โzezikhululo zokusasazaโ iFederal Radio Commission yayizimisele kakhulu ukugcina amaza omoya kangangenkulungwane. eyadlulayo.
Umahluko kukuba i-Facebook ayityhala ubuNazi okanye ubukomanisi okanye i-anarchism, kodwa into eyingozi ngakumbi: iibhiliyoni ezi-2 zamagumbi e-echo enziwe ngokwahlukileyo, uhlobo lwecawe ejoliswe kuyo ngokuchanekileyo, yokungabi namonde kwabanye, yokunganiki shit.
Isizukulwana solu hlobo lomyalezo sinyanzelekile ukuba sibe neziphumo ezintle ezingaqhelekanga, apho ukukhetha umntu ocinga ngeqamza ongazidlayo uDonald Trump mhlawumbi sisivula nje esithambileyo. Ngenxa yoko, sinokulibazisa kakhulu ukulungisa i-Facebook - mhlawumbi kufuneka sisindiswe kuyo endaweni yoko.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela