Hurukuro yakapihwa mumusangano weBiella pa
Dimension yeIzwi rakagovaniswa
Parizvino, nyika dzekuMadokero dzinoita kunge dzichiri pasi pechiperengo chengano yaAriel Sharon, uyo, saka nyaya inoenda, akaunza shanduko huru mumutemo weIsrael - kubva pakuwedzera nekugara kusvika pakuenzanisa uye kubvumidza chiono kuti chiitwe zvakare nehurongwa hwake. mutsivi, Ehud Olmert. Kubva pakabviswa nzvimbo dzekugara dzeGaza Strip, nhoroondo huru yekuMadokero yanga iri yekuti Israel yaita chikamu chayo kupedzisa hugaro uye yakazivisa kugadzirira kwayo kutora mamwe matanho, uye kuti ikozvino yave nguva yePalestine kuratidza kuti vanokwanisa kurarama. norugare nomuvakidzani wavo anovavarira zvakanaka.
Zvakaitika sei kuti Sharon, mutungamiriri ane utsinye, anoshora, ane rusaruraganda uye anonyengera ati amboitwa naIsraeri, akagumisa basa rake rezvamatongerwe enyika segamba rerunyararo rengano? Mhinduro, ndinotenda, ndeyekuti Sharon haana kuchinja. Pane kudaro, ngano yakavakirwa paari inoratidza kuve nesimba kwese kweiyo propaganda system, iyo, kutsanangudza pfungwa yeChomsky's, yasvika pakukwana mukuziva kwekugadzira.
Mashiripiti akashandura Sharon mumaziso enyika kwave kubviswa kwemisha yeGaza. Ini ndichadzokera kune iyi nhanho uye ndokakavara kuti kunyangwe izvi, Sharon haana kuita nekuda kwake, asi nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kusati kwamboitika kwaari neUS Chero zvazvingava, Sharon akajekesa kubva pakutanga kuti kubviswa kwenzvimbo dzekugara hakuiti. kureva kusunungura Gaza. Urongwa hwekubvisa, hwakabudiswa mumapepa eIsrael muna Kubvumbi 16, 2004, hwakafanotsanangurwa kuti 'Israel ichatarisira nekuchengetedza hamvuropu yekunze panyika, ichachengetedza hutongi hwega mumhepo yeGaza, uye icharamba ichiita mabasa echiuto nzvimbo yegungwa yeGaza Strip'[1].
Ngatitarisei muchidimbu chimwe chinyorwa chaSharon.
Mumakore ake mana ari muhofisi, Sharon akamisa chero mukana wekutaurirana nemaPalestine:
-Muna 2003 - nguva yemepu yemugwagwa - maPalestine vakagamuchira hurongwa uye vakazivisa kumisa moto, asi apo nyika dzekuMadokero dzaipemberera nguva itsva yerunyararo, mauto eIsrael, pasi peSharon, akawedzera mutemo wayo wekuuraya, akachengetedza kushungurudzwa kwezuva nezuva. yevaPalestine yakapambwa, uye pakupedzisira yakazivisa hondo-yekunze paHamas, ichiuraya nzvimbo yayo yese yekutanga yevatungamiriri vemauto nevezvematongerwo enyika.
-Gare gare, sezvo nyika dzokuMadokero dzakanga dzichibata mweya wayo zvakare, mugore nehafu yekumirira kudhonzwa kweGaza kwakarongwa, Sharon akaita zvose zvaaigona kuti akundikane mutungamiri wePalestine, Mahmoud Abbas, akasarudzwa munaJanuary 2005. Sharon akazivisa izvozvo. Abbas haasi mudiwa akakodzera (nekuti haarwi nehugandanga) uye akaramba zvese zvaakapa zvenhaurirano patsva. Chokwadi chemazuva ese chemaPalestine munzvimbo dzainge dzatorwa hachina kumbonyanya kuomarara sepanguva yeSharon.
-KuWest Bank, Sharon akatanga chirongwa chikuru chekuchenesa madzinza munzvimbo dzakaganhurana neIsrael. Chirongwa chake chemadziro chinobira nyika misha yePalestine munzvimbo idzi, chinosunga mataundi ose, uye chinosiya vagari vawo vasina chokurarama nacho. Kana chirongwa ichi chikaramba chichienderera mberi, vazhinji ve400.000 Palestine vanobatwa nazvo vachafanira kusiya votsvaka raramo kunze kwemaguta ari pakati peWest Bank, sezvakaitika kare kuchamhembe kweWest Bank guta reQalqilia.
-Iyo misha yeIsrael yakabviswa kubva kuGaza Strip, asi Strip inoramba iri jeri guru, rakavharwa zvachose kubva kunze kwenyika, rava pedyo nenzara uye rinotyisidzirwa kubva pasi, gungwa nemhepo neuto reIsrael.
Mubvunzo wainetsa mauto ezvematongerwo enyika nemauto eIsrael kubva pakatorwa matunhu ePalestine muna 1967, waive nzira yekuchengetedza nzvimbo yakakura ine huwandu hushoma hwevaPalestine. Chirongwa cheAlon chebato reLabour, chakaitwa muOslo, chaive chekuchengeta chikamu che40% cheWest Bank, asi kubvumira kuzvitonga kwePalestine mune imwe 60%. Zvisinei, Bharaki naSharon vakaparadza gadziriro dzeOslo. Muenzaniso wakagadzirwa neIsrael pasi peSharon inzira yakaoma yemajeri. MaPalestine arikusundirwa mumakomba akakiyiwa uye akavharwa, anodzorwa zvizere kubva kunze neuto reIsrael, iro rinopinda mumakamuri nemadiro. Sekuziva kwangu uku kusungwa kwevanhu vese muenzaniso usina kumboitika webasa, uye uri kuurayiwa nekukurumidza uye nekukasira kunotyisa.
Panguva imwecheteyo, izvo Sharon akaunza pakukwana kwaive kugadzirwa kwekuziva, zvichiratidza kuti hondo inogona kugara ichitengeswa sekutsvaga kusinganeti kwerunyararo. Akaratidza kuti Israeri inogona kusunga maPalestine, kuvabhomba kubva kumhepo, kuba nyika yavo muWest Bank, kumisa chero mukana werunyararo, uye vachiri kurumbidzwa nenyika dzekuMadokero sedivi rerunyararo mugakava reIsrael nePalestine.
Sharon parizvino akasiya basa rezvematongerwo enyika, asi izvo zvega hazvipi shanduko. Nhaka yaSharon ichiri kurarama. Yakabika kweanopfuura makore gumi muchiuto cheIsrael, icho, icho, chiri chinhu chikuru mune zvematongerwo enyika eIsrael.
Mauto ndiwo akanyanya kugadzikana - uye ane njodzi - yezvematongerwo enyika muIsrael. Sokutaura kwakaita muongorori weIsrael muna 2001, 'mumakore matanhatu apfuura, kubva muna Gumiguru 1995, pakanga paine makurukota mashanu nemakurukota matanhatu edziviriro, asi vakuru vemauto vaviri chete.'[2] mauto nezvematongerwo enyika eIsrael. zvagara zvakapindirana, nevakuru vemauto vachisimuka kubva muuto vakananga kuhurumende, asi chimiro chemauto mune zvematongerwo enyika chakawedzera kusimba panguva yaSharon. Zvinogara zviri pachena kuti sarudzo chaidzo dzinoitwa nemauto kwete echelon yezvematongerwo enyika. Vakuru vemauto vanopfupisa vezvenhau (vanotora inosvika hafu yenzvimbo yenhau munhau dzeIsrael), uye muchidimbu uye vanogadzira maonero evamiriri vedzimwe nyika; vanoenda kunze kwenyika kumabasa ehurumende, vanorondedzera zvirongwa zvezvematongerwo enyika zvehurumende, uye vanotaura maonero avo ezvematongerwo enyika chero nguva ipi zvayo.
Kusiyana nekugadzikana kwemauto, hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hweIsrael huri kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma. Mumushumo weWorld Bank waApril 2005, Israel inoonekwa seimwe yevane huwori hukuru uye isina kunyatso shanda munyika dzekuMadokero, yechipiri kuItaly chete muhuwandu hwehuori hwehurumende, uye yakaderera pane indekisi yekugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika.[3] Sharon pachake akabatanidzwa, pamwe chete nevanakomana vake, nemhosva dzakakomba dzechiokomuhomwe dzisina kumbosvika mudare. Bato idzva rakavambwa naSharon, reKadima, uye rava kutungamira hurumende, mubatanidzwa wevakuru vakuru vasina masangano ebato kana mapazi emunharaunda. Mirayiridzo yaro, yakabudiswa muna Mbudzi 22, 2005, inoita kuti mutungamiri wayo akwanise kudarika maitiro ese egutsaruzhinji uye kudoma mazita evamiriri vebato kuparamende pasina kuvhota kana kubvumidza chero bato ripi zvaro.[4]
Bato reLabour harina kukwanisa kupa imwe nzira. Musarudzo mbiri dzemuIsrael dzapfuura, Labour vakasarudza vamiriri vemutungamiri wehurumende Amram Mitzna muna 2003, naAmir Peretz muna 2006. Vese vakatambirwa nechishuwo chikuru, asi vakabva vanyaradzwa nevanopa mazano ebato ravo uye nekuzvisarudzira ivo pachavo. kuti vamire 'pakati pemepu yezvematongerwo enyika'. Nenguva isipi, hurongwa hwavo hwakabva hwasiyana nehwaSharon. Peretz akatozivisa kuti ‘nezvekune dzimwe nyika uye chengetedzo’ achaita chaizvo sezvakaita Sharon, kana kuti gare gare Olmert, uye anongosiyana navo panyaya dzenzanga. Nekudaro, vamiriri ava vakabatsira kupwisa vavhoti veIsrael kuti nzira yaSharon ndiyo nzira kwayo. Mumakore achangopfuura, hapasati pave nekupokana kwakanyanya kwebapiro rekuruboshwe kuhutongi hwaSharon nevakuru, sezvo mushure mesarudzo, Labor yaigara ichibatana nehurumende, ichipa mufananidzo wakajeka unodiwa nevakuru vemauto kuratidziro yepasirese.
Nokuparara kwegadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika, uto rinoramba riri boka rinoumba nokuita mitemo yaIsraeri, uye sezvatove pachena mumwedzi mishomanene kubva Sharoni asiya basa, uto rakatsunga kuita nhaka yake, pamwe chete nomutsivi waSharoni, Ehudhi. Olmert. Kune izvi, zvakakosha kuti chero Israeri iite ipakirwe sezvibvumirano zvinorwadza. Parizvino, tave kutanga kwe 'chirongwa cherunyararo' chinosimudzirwa naOlmert.
Olmert anogona kunge akagadzira zita rechirongwa ichi, asi kodzero yacho ndeyaSharon. Musi waNdira 2nd 2006, nguva pfupi Sharon asati abva pachigaro, bepa reIsrael Ma'ariv akaburitsa hurongwa hwaaida kuendesa kuWest Bank. Urongwa uhwu huri paUS pakupedzisira kubvuma kuti Mepu yeMugwagwa yakamiswa - uye kuti zvagara iri 'isina-mutangiri', zvichipihwa kuti (maererano nemutsara wepamutemo weIsrael), hakuna kumbove nemudiwa wepachokwadi wePalestine werunyararo. Izvi zvaive zvichiri pamberi pesarudzo dzePalestine dzakaunza Hamas pamasimba, asi kubva pakuona kweIsrael hapana hutungamiriri hwePalestine hwakambove mudyidzani akakodzera. Sharon akapokana kuti PA pasi peAbbas yakatadza kuzadzisa zvisungo zvayo kurwisa network yehugandanga. Mukushaikwa kwemudiwa akakodzera, Israel inofanirwa kuseta miganhu yayo unilaterally - kureva, kuzvisarudzira kuti inyika yakawanda sei yePalestine yainofanira kutora, uye kurega kubva kune yakasara. Maererano nechirongwa ichi, nhaurirano neU.S. dzinofanira kutungamirira 'kuchibvumirano chakasainwa neWashington chinotara muganhu wekupedzisira wekumabvazuva kweIsrael.' border fence.'[5]
Manheru esarudzo dzeIsrael Olmert akafumura pachena chirongwa ichi, chakazove chirongwa chepamutemo chehurumende itsva yeIsrael, pasi pezita rekubatanidza, kana convergence. Akasimbisa kuti muganho mutsva weIsrael waizoenderana nenzira yeRusvingo, iyo yaizopedzwa kubviswa kusati kwatanga.[6] Kuti hurongwa uhu hubudirire, rusvingo rwaizofanira kufamba kuenda kumabvazuva kupfuura nzira yarwo yazvino, uye Olmert anojekesa mukutsanangura maonero ake pamusoro penzvimbo yekupedzisira. Anoda kuva nechokwadi chokuti ‘Israeri akabatirira [kumisha ye] Arieri, Ma’aleh Adumim, hamvuropu yeJerusarema neGush Etzion,’ pamwe chete nokugadza udzori hwevaIsraeri muMupata waJoridhani.[7] Kutarisa pamepu kwaizoratidza kuti nzvimbo iyo Israeri yaizobatanidza unilaterally pasi pechirongwa ichi inosvika makumi mana muzana eWest Bank.
Olmert anotenda kuti pari zvino mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka pakusimbisa iyi 'mhinduro' kune maPalestine, nekuti zvichitevera kukunda kweHamas 'musarudzo yePalestine zvinofanirwa kuve pachena kupasirese kuti hakuna muPalestine mubatsiri wenhaurirano dzerunyararo. Akati:
‘Iye zvino pane ‘hwindo remukana’ rekusvika kuchibvumirano chepasi rose chekuisa muganhu, zvichitevera kusimuka kweHamas’ pakutonga uye… rutsigiro zvichitevera kudhonzwa kweGaza.’[8]
Pamwero wekuzivisa, chirongwa ichi chinosanganisira kubuda kwenzvimbo dzekugara kumabvazuva kwemuganhu mutsva. Nekudaro, kusiyana nehurongwa hwekubviswa kweGaza, hapana tafura yenguva yakatarwa yekutamiswa uku, uye hapana rondedzero yenzvimbo dzinofanira kubviswa yakaburitswa. Chero zvazvingaitika, kana mamiriro ekubuda akamuka, chirongwa ndechekuchengeta West Bank Palestinian enclaves pasi pekutonga kwakazara kweIsrael, sezvakaitika kuGaza. Olmert akajeka pamusoro peizvi mukuziviswa pachena kwechirongwa chake. Zvirongwa mushure mekusabatanidzwa zvichapa "Israel Defence Forces rusununguko rwekuita muWest Bank, zvakafanana nemamiriro epashure-kusabatanidzwa muGaza Strip.'[9]
Chirongwa chaOlmert, saka, ndechekushandura nhaka yaSharon kuti ive yechokwadi annex kuIsrael 40% yeWest Bank uye kushandisa iyo Gaza modhi yejeri kune asara ePalestine enclaves. Asi Olmert murume mutsva weIsraeri worugare.
Idzi inguva dzakaoma, apo nhaka yaSharon inoratidzika kunge iri kukunda, isina zvipingamupinyi zvemutemo wepasi rose kana kururamisira munzira yayo yekuparadza.
Pasati papera makore maviri apfuura, musi waChikunguru 9 2004, International Court of Justice (ICJ) yakapa mutongo wayo pamusoro pe'Mugumisiro Wemutemo weKuvakwa kweRusvingo muNyika Yakabatwa Palestinian Territory. Dare rakaona nzira yazvino yemadziro kuve kutyora kwakakomba uye kwakaipisisa kwemutemo wepasi rose. Kuita kwekutanga muIsrael kwaive kwekunetsekana. Pakati paAugust 2004, Gweta Guru Menachem Mazuz akapa hurumende mushumo waiti: ‘Zvakaoma kuwedzeredza pfungwa dzisina kunaka dzichapiwa mutongo weDare Renyika Dzepasi Pose paIsrael pamatanho akawanda, kunyange panyaya dziri kunze kwenyaya dzokuparadzana. Sarudzo yacho inoumba chokwadi chezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kweIsraeri padanho repasi rose, icho chingashandiswa kukurumidzisa zviito mukurwisana neIsraeri mumisangano yamarudzi ose, kusvikira kupfundo rokuti zvingaguma nezvirango.’[10] Israeri yakakurumidza kujekesa kuti rusvingo irworwo nderwechinguvana. Chengetedzo chipingamupinyi, iyo isina nzira yaizosarudza chokwadi pasi. Asi mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika aripo, Israel inoti irikuda kuita rusvingo urwu muganhu wayo, uye hapana hurumende yeEurope inotombobwaira.
Kwasara gore rapfuura, nyika dzekuMadokero dzaipemberera kutanga kwedemocracy muMiddle East. Mushure mekubva kwaArafat, maPalestine aive ari kuita sarudzo chaiyo. Hamas yakazivisa chinangwa chayo chekutora chikamu musarudzo, uye kubva muhondo yezvombo kuenda kushanda munhandare yezvematongerwo enyika. Mumwe angafunga kuti izvi zvaizoonekwa sebudiriro inokurudzira uye yakanaka pashure pemakore ekudeurwa kweropa. Chokwadi, US yakasimbirira pasarudzo iri kuitika, zvisinei nekupokana neIsrael. Asi nhamo, maPalestine asarudza bato risiri iro. Zvinoita sechisikigo sei kunyika dzekuMadokero kuti vanhu vePalestine vanofanira kurangwa pamwe chete nekuda kwekunzwisisa kwavo kusiri iko kwedemocracy. IUS inoraira, uye Europe inobvuma kuti rubatsiro rwese kune maPalestine runofanira kutemwa, zvichivasiya vari pedyo nenzara, nekusarira infra-structure uye hutano hurongwa huchidonha.
Zvakadaro, makore mashoma apfuura aive asiri makore ekukunda kwekuwedzera kweIsraeri. Kubva pakuona kwenguva refu kwekuchengetedza kugara kweIsrael kuWest Bank, kubviswa kwenzvimbo dzeGaza kwaive kukundwa.
Maonero akatekeshera mumadenderedzwa akaomarara ndeekuti Sharon akafunga kubvisa misha yeGaza nekuti kuichengeta kwaidhura, uye akafunga kuisa pfungwa pachinangwa chake chepakati chekuchengeta West Bank nekuwedzera misha yaro. Asi, chokwadi, hapana humbowo hwechokwadi hwemaonero aya.
Hongu, kugara kweGaza kwagara kuchidhura, uye kunyangwe kubva pakuona kwevakanyanya kuzvipira muIsrael kuwedzera, Israel haidi ichi chikamu chenyika, imwe yevakawanda vanhu munyika, uye ichishaya chero zviwanikwa. Dambudziko nderekuti munhu haagone kurega Gaza kusununguka, kana munhu achida kuchengeta West Bank. Chikamu chetatu chevaPalestine vanogarwa vanogara muGaza strip. Kana vakapihwa rusununguko, vangave musimboti wekurwira rusununguko rwePalestine, nekuwana mahara kunyika dzekuMadokero neArab. Kudzora West Bank, Israel yaifanira kunamatira kuGaza. Uye kana zvangove pachena kuti Gaza inoda kugarwa uye kudzorwa, iyo yapfuura modhi yekugara yaive sarudzo yakakwana. The Strip yaidzorwa kubva mukati nemauto, uye misha yakapa hurongwa hwekutsigira uto, uye kururamiswa kwetsika yebasa reutsinye remauto. Zvinoita kuti kuvepo kwavo ikoko kuve basa rekuchengetedza nyika yekumusha. Kudzora kubva kunze kungave kwakachipa, asi mukufamba kwenguva, hakuna chivimbo chekubudirira.
Uyezve, kubva kumakore eOslo, nzvimbo dzekugara dzakabatwa munyika uye munyika yose sedambudziko rinosuruvarisa iro, pasinei nevavariro yakanaka yeIsrael yekugumisa basa, haigoni kugadziriswa. Iyi ngano inobatsira yakaputswa nekubviswa kwenzvimbo dzekugara dzeGaza, izvo zvakaratidza kuti zviri nyore sei, kutaura zvazviri, kubvisa misha, uye kuti yakakura sei rutsigiro munzanga yeIsrael kuita izvozvo.
Kunyangwe ini ndisingakwanise kupinda mune zvakadzama pano, ndinopokana mul'heritage de Sharon,[11] kuti Sharon haana kubvisa misha yeGaza kunze kwekuda kwake, asi kuti, kuti akamanikidzwa kudaro. Sharon akagadzira hurongwa hwake hwekusabatanidzwa senzira yekuwana nguva, pakakwirira kwekumanikidzwa kwenyika dzakatevera kuparadza kweIsrael mepu yemugwagwa uye kuvaka kwayo rusvingo rweWest Bank. Zvakadaro, panguva yese kubva ipapo, kusvika kumagumo, akange achitsvaga nzira dzekunzvenga nadzo kubva mukuzvipira uku, sezvaaisiita nezvese zvitsidzo zvake kare. Asi panguva ino akamanikidzwa kuzviita nekutonga kwaBush. Kunyangwe yakachengetwa zvizere kuseri kwezviratidziro, kudzvanywa kwacho kwaive kwakakura, kusanganisira zvirango zvemauto. Chirevo chepamutemo chezvirango kwaive kutengesa ruoko kweIsrael kuChina, asi munguva dzakapfuura, dambudziko rakapera apo Israel yakangobvuma kumisa chibvumirano. Panguva ino, zvirango zvakange zvisati zvamboitika, uye zvakagara kusvika pakasainwa chibvumirano chekuyambuka muna Mbudzi 2005.
Nyaya yekubviswa kweGaza inoratidza kuti dzvinyiriro yepasi rose inogona kumanikidza Israeri kupinda muchibvumirano. Ini ndinopokana ipapo (l'heritage de Sharon) kuti anofunga kuti US yakamanikidza Israeri, kekutanga munhoroondo ichangopfuura, yaive nekuti panguva iyoyo, sezvo US yaive ichinyura mumatope eIraq, zvaive zvisingaite kufuratira. kusagutsikana kwakapararira pasi rose pamusoro pezvirongwa zveIsrael uye nerutsigiro rusingazununguki rweUS kwavari. (Somuenzaniso, mune imwe ongororo yakaitwa muEurope, ruzhinji rwakaona Israeri senyika iri kunyanya kutyisidzira runyararo rwepasi rose.[12]) US yaifanira kutera kumaonero everuzhinji.
Kubva pamaonero eU.S., chinangwa chayo chekunyevenutsa dzvinyiriro yepasirese chave kuwanikwa nekubviswa kwemisha yeGaza. Vatungamiriri vekuMadokero nevezvenhau vaive nemufaro pamusoro pezviitiko zvitsva muMiddle East. Chero bedzi kudzikama kwepasirese kuchichengetedzwa, kutambura kwePalestine hakuite basa mukuverenga kweUS. Utongi hweU.S. hwakajekesa ‘kushamwari dzayo dziri muEurope nenyika dzechiArab kuti Israeri yazadzisa chikamu chayo chegadziriro, uye zvino yave nguva yokusiya Israeri iri yoga uye kutarisira kuti maPalestine aite chikamu chavo.’[13]
Zvakadaro chokwadi chekuti kumanikidzwa kwakaiswa paIsrael kunyangwe kwechinguva chidiki, kunoratidzawo miganhu yesimba uye propaganda. Zvisinei nekubudirira kuri pachena kwevamiriri veIsrael mukunyaradza kushoropodzwa kwemitemo yeIsrael muhurukuro yezvematongerwo enyika yekuMadokero, kurwira kwePalestine yekururamisira kwapinda mukuziva kwepasirese. Izvi zvinotanga nevanhu vePalestine, avo vakatsungirira makore ekudzvinyirirwa kwehutsinye uye kuburikidza nekutsungirira kwavo kwezuva nezuva, kuronga uye kushorwa, vakakwanisa kuchengetedza chikonzero chePalestine chiri mhenyu, chimwe chinhu chisina nyika dzese dzakadzvinyirirwa dzakakwanisa kuita. Inoenderera mberi nemapato ekubatana kwepasi rose anotumira vanhu vavo kunzvimbo dzakagarwa uye vanomira vakarinda kumba, mapurofesa achisaina zvikumbiro zvekuramba, vachizvishushwa zuva nezuva, vashoma vatori venhau vane ushingi vanosimbirira kuburitsa chokwadi, vachipesana nekumanikidza kwevezvenhau vanobvuma. uye pro-Israel lobbies. Kazhinji kurwisa uku kunoita sekusina maturo, asi zvakadaro kwakapinda mukuziva kwepasi rose. Uku ndiko kuziva kwakabatana kwakazoita kuti US imanikidzire Israeri mune zvimwe, zvisineyi, zvibvumirano. . Chikonzero chePalestine chinogona kunyaradzwa kwekanguva, sezviri kuitika iye zvino, asi chichamuka zvakare.
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[1] Chikamu III, Chengetedzo chokwadi mushure mekubuda, clause 1. Chirongwa chakaburitswa chinowanikwa pa: http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=416024&contrassID=1&subContrassID=
1&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y.
[2] Amir Oren, Ha'aretz, Gumiguru 19, 2001.
[3] Ora Coren, Israel iri pakati pehuori hwakawanda muWest, Ha'aretz, Kubvumbi 8, 2005.
[4] Gil Hoffman, 'National Responsibility' zita rebato idzva raPM, Jerusalem Post, Mbudzi 23, 2005.
[5] Amnon Dankner naBen Kaspit, Mugwagwa wakaputika chirongwa chitsva chaSharon, Ma'ariv, Ndira 2 2006 (Chihebheru; www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/027/938.html).
[6] Aluf Benn naYossi Verter, 'Olmert to Offer Settlers: Wedzerai blocs, cut postposts,' Ha'aretz, March 3 2006.. [7] Olmert akati: 'Ndinotenda kuti mumakore mana' nguva, Israel ichange yave. yakabviswa kubva kuruzhinji rwevagari vePalestine, mukati memiganhu mitsva, nenzira yefenzi - iyo kusvika zvino yanga iri fenzi yekuchengetedza - yakagadziridzwa kumutsara mutsva wemiganhu yekusingaperi.'
[7] Ibid.
[8] Ibid.
[9] Ibid.
[10] Yuval Yoaz, kutonga kweHague fenzi kunogona kutungamirira kuzvirango, Ha'aretz, Nyamavhuvhu 19, 2004.
[11] L'Héritage de Sharon, Détruire La Palestine, Suite, La Fabrique, Paris, Kubvumbi 2006. Shanduro yakawedzerwa ichaonekwa muChirungu seThe Road Map to Nowhere Israel/Palestine kubvira 2003, Verso, Chikunguru 2003.
[12] Thomas Fuller, Herald Tribune, Gumiguru 31 2003.
[13] Aluf Benn, 'Kusiya Gaza - Zuva Rinotevera,' Ha'aretz, Gunyana 12 2005.
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