“Iyi ndiyo mitsetse yehurumende yenyika inotungamirwa neni: Vanhu vechiJudha vane kodzero yakasarudzika uye isina kupokana kunzvimbo dzese dzeNyika yeIsrael. Hurumende ichasimudzira nekusimudzira kugara munzvimbo dzese dzeNyika yeIsrael - muGarireya, Negev, Gorani, Judhiya neSamariya.
- Benjamin Netanyahu, Zvita 30, 2022
Chero ani zvake ane hafu yeziso rakavhurika mukati memakumi akati wandei emakore apfuura anofanirwa kuziva kuti isina kuziviswa Zionist Long Game yakatangira kugadzwa kweIsrael muna 1948, uye ine chinangwa chekuwedzera hutongi hweIsrael pamusoro pePalestine Yese, kunze kweGaza. Kukosha kweNetanyahu's ruzhinji rwevanhu chisimbiso chemutambo uyu waimbove wakavanzika ndechekuti unogona kusvika pachikamu chekupedzisira uye mubatanidzwa wekurudyi wekutonga wagadzirira kuvharwa.
Kutaura kwaNetanyahu kwe chete Hukuru hweIzirairi pachinzvimbo chevanhu vechiJuda pamusoro penyika yese yechipikirwa kuri kutyora mutemo wenyika dzese. Pamusoro pezvo, chirevo chaNetanyahu chinopokana nekusindimara kwaBiden, zvisinei hazvo, pakusimbisa rutsigiro rwenyika mbiri. Iyi nzira ye zombie yekugadzirisa kurwa kweIsrael/Palestine yakatonga dhipatimendi repasi rose kwemakore, zvichibvumira UN nenhengo dzayo dzekuMadokero kuchengetedza kumbundikira kwavo Israeri vasingaite sekukanda vanhu vePalestine pasi pebhazi.
Netanyahu's braze vowal yeIsrael unilateral kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kunofanofanotangira madhipatimendi ekare. Inodenha UN, Chiremera chePalestine, hurumende dzepasirese, uye masangano epasi rose kuti vavhure maziso ese uye vozobvuma kuti mhinduro yenyika mbiri yakafa.
Mukururama, ichokwadi kuti iyi yeZionist Long Game ichangobva kuoneka kune vese kunze kwevacherechedzi vepedyo vehondo. Munguva yose ye20thMuzana remakore rekutanga iyi nzira yekuwedzera kufambira mberi yakavanzwa kubva paruzhinji nekubatanidzwa kwekutonga kweIsrael kwenyaya yeruzhinji uye kuwirirana kweUS, izvo zvakanyengedza kunyanya maZionist aigara kunze kwenyika nekufungidzira kuti Israeri yaive yakavhurika kune zvematongerwo enyika uye kuti vaive maPalestine vairamba. diplomatic result. Kududzira kwakadaro kwekumira kwaigara kuchitsausa. Iyo Zionist Project kubva pakutanga kwayo, makore anopfuura zana apfuura, yakafamba nematanho kugamuchira chero chaigona kuwanikwa mune zvematongerwo enyika chero nguva, uyezve ichienda kune chinhanho chinotevera muhurongwa hwayo hwekoloni.
Iyi nzira yezvinonyanya kukosha yakava pachena munguva dzakatevera Balfour Declaration ya1917 uye mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Chiziviso chekoloni chine mukurumbira wakashata chakanga chavimbisa tsigiro yeBritain nokuda kwe‘musha wenyika wavanhu vechiJudha’ muPalestine, yakaitwa kuti ivimbike kupfurikidza nokugamuchira kutama kwechiJudha kwakavhozhokera mukati menhambo yehurumende yeBritain inosungirwa kuti yakatora kubvira muna 1923 kusvikira muna 1948. Ipapo kwakauya chisarudzo cheUN chokugoverana UNGA Res. . 181), iyo isina kungofuratira kodzero dzePalestine yekuzvisarudzira nekugovanisa nyika yavo pasina referendamu isati yaitwa, kushandura chimiro chekuvapo kwemaJuda kubva ku'mba yenyika' mukati menyika yePalestine kuenda kune inotonga nyika yemaJuda pahafu yakazara yePalestine. Zvikumbiro zvakadaro zvakakwaziswa zvakanaka neZionist, asi zvakarambwa nevamiriri vevanhu vePalestine uye nehurumende dzakavakidzana dzeArabu, zvichitungamira zvakananga kuHondo ye1948, izvo zvakakonzera kutorwa kwakaipisisa kwevanofungidzirwa kuti 750,000 Palestinians, inozivikanwa kune avo vakawirwa nehondo. nakba, kuguma nekumiswa kwehondo kwakawedzera chikamu cheIsrael chePalestine kubva pa55% kusvika pa78%.
Ipapo kwakauya Hondo yemuna 1967, yakadzinga Jorodhani kubva kuWest Bank neEast Jerusalem, yakatora rimwe fungu revaPalestine, vanozivikanwa pakati pePalestine naksa. Zvakazokonzera zvakare kugara kweIsrael, kwainzi ndekwenguva pfupi asi kugadzwa kwenzvimbo zhinji dzekugara dzemaJuda dzisiri pamutemo dzichipokana nezvaifungidzirwa senyika yePalestine yaivepo muWest Bank neEast Jerusalem yakaratidza zvakasimba kuti nguva yese hutungamiriri hweIsrael hwakaona hurongwa hwechigarire nemutambo wekupedzisira. mupfungwa izvo zvaisabatanidza hunoshanda hutongi hwePalestine. Imwe mashanga akasimba mumhepo kumashure muna 1967 yaive Israeri kuziviswa nekumisikidzwa kwekuda kuzvitonga pamusoro peJerusarema rose rakakurisa se "guta guru risingaperi" renyika yemaJuda. Uku kubatanidzwa kweJerusarema kwakadzokororwa kurambwa nemavhoti akawandisa muGeneral Assembly, zvisina kufuratirwa nehurumende yeIsrael.
Paive neakawanda mashoma ekuratidza virtuoso salami kuchekwa kwekodzero dzePalestine nezvaitarisirwa mumakore makumi mashanu neshanu aitevera. Iyo Oslo diplomatic charade iyo yakagara kwemakore makumi maviri mushure mekubatana kwemaoko pakati paRabin naArafat paWhite House lawn ndiyo yainyanya kuoneka pamitsetse iyi. Nekubatsirwa kwekutarisa kumashure, zvinoita sezviri pachena kuti muIsrael zano rekufungidzira 'runyararo' raisambove izvo zvaive zveOslo. Kururamisa chaiko kweIsrael kuOslo, kunze kwekugutsa kudzvanyirirwa kwenyika dzese kune imwe senge yenhaurirano yaive yekuwana nguva yaidiwa yekuita kuti musangano wekugadzirisa ukure uye upararire zvakakwana kuti usadzoke. Kurwiswa kuri pachena kwakadai pane maviri-nyika mantra kwaifanira kunge kwave kufa kwembiri-nyika mbiri, asi hazvina kudaro nekuti kuenderera mberi kwayo kubvumwa kwenyika, kusvika zvino, zvaive zvakanakira hutungamiriri hweIsrael uye kuhurumende dzekunze dzine hushamwari, uye kunyangwe kuUN isina kusimba yekumanikidza kutevedzera mutemo weIsrael. Israel's 2018 Basic Law inozivisa hukuru hwemaJuda mu 'nyika yechipikirwa yeIsrael,' kusanganisira iyo yese West Bank, yakauya nhanho hofori padyo nekuburitsa pachena zvinangwa zveZionist Progrect yakatsigirwa naNetanyahu kuti ienderane nekupika danho rake rechina pakuva Prime Minister.
Asi, zvisinei nekubudirira uku kuri pachena kweiyi Zionist Long Game iri kubva kune mamwe maonero zvakanyanya mukupokana kupfuura zvayakambove, zvinoshamisa sezvo izvo zvingaite senge kubva mukuona kwenyama chete kwezvematongerwo enyika. Vanhu vePalestine vakabata zvakasimba mukuzvipira kwavo mukuzvisarudzira mukati mezana ramakore rekuedzwa nenhevedzano yekupinda kwevatorwa veIsrael, kusanganisira kumiririrwa nehutungamiriri hwemubatanidzwa hwakapihwa nePalestine Authority. Mweya wekupokana uye kurwira wakatsigirwa nePalestine yakadzika tsika yekutsiga kwe sumud. Resistance nepo sporadic haina kumbopera.
Pamusoro pezvo, huremu hwekushanduka kwemamiriro ezvinhu enhoroondo hwakagonesa maPalestine kuwana kukunda kwakakosha muHondo yeLegitimacy iri kurwiwa nevanhu vaviri ava kuti vatonge nzvimbo dzekufananidzira uye dzetsika muhondo yakakura. Mukati memakore gumi apfuura hurukuro yezvematongerwo enyika yepasi rose yakawedzera kugamuchira rondedzero yePalestine yeIsrael se 'nyika inogarwa nekoloni,' ongororo inokuvadza munguva iyo colonialism kune imwe nzvimbo yaive ichibviswa nedivi risina kusimba muchiuto, zvichiratidza kusimba kusingazivikanwe kwemutemo. , tsika, uye kuunganidza nyika mukutungamirira muvengi mukuru muchiuto.
Kupfuura izvi, uye zviri pamutemo, kupomerwa kwaimboitwa kwehudzvanyiriri kwakanangana nenyika yeIsrael kwakasimbiswa mukati memakore matanhatu apfuura nemishumo yakanyatso nyorwa yeUN (ESCWA), Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, uye kunyangwe nehutsinye. yakazvimirira yeIsrael NGO, B'Tselem. Sezvo ndangariro dzeHolocaust dzakapera uye kuita zvakaipa kukodzero dzePalestine kwakawedzera kuomesa pasi pegumbo, maonero eruzhinji rwepasirese kunyanya kuMadokero, akawedzera kunzwira tsitsi uye nekugutsikana nerondedzero yePallestine, uye zvakanyanya kukosha, kukosha kwechiitiko cheSouth Africa. zvakava zvakaoma kufuratira.
Uyezve chifananidzi Kukunda kwePalestine kwaisanganisira kucherechedzwa kwakapararira kwehutongi hwePalestine nehurumende zhinji muGlobal South, nhengo dzisiri kuvhota muUN, kupinda mudare reInternational Criminal Court uye mutongo waro wa2021 uchibvumidza kuferefetwa kwemhosva dzepasi rose muPalestine Yakabatwa Palestine mushure megore ra2014. uye pakupera kwa2022 yekubvumidzwa nemuganho wakafara weGeneral Assembly Resolution ichikumbira Advisory Opinion kubva kuWorld Court muHague pamusoro pekugara kusiri pamutemo kwenzvimbo dzePalestine. Kugadzwa kwe2022 HRC kweKomisheni yepamusoro-soro yeKubvunzurudza ine simba rakawanda rekuferefeta kutadza kweIsrael kwakaitika mushure mekuvhiringidzika kwakabatana nemakumi emakore ekusatevedzera mutemo wepasi rose werubatsiro muOPT.
Israel neayo maNGOs echipopi, UN Watch uye NGO Monitor, vakaziva kusimba kwezviitiko izvi, sezvakaita hurumende yeIsrael, iine hanya nehungwaru kune zvakamisikidzwa. nekuparara kwehutongi hwerusaruraganda muSouth Africa nekuda kwemusanganiswa wekupikisa, kupihwa masimba, uye zvirongwa zvekubatana pasi rose. Israel nevarwi vayo vakarwa, nerutsigiro rusingazununguki rweHurumende yeUS, asi kwete zvakanyanya, vachiziva njodzi yekuunza imwe pfungwa kune izvo zvemitemo yeIsrael, maitiro, uye pfungwa dzerusarura. Pane kudaro, yakarwisa vatsoropodzi nenzvimbo dzavo dzemasangano, kusanganisira kunyange UN, sevanopikisa, vachisvibisa nyanzvi dzezvemitemo uye kunyange vashandi vehurumende vepasi rose nemasangano pachavo. Izvi zvakagadzira chisikirini cheutsi chakakwana kuti chigonese Biden nevakuru veEU kuti varambe vaine kutenda vaine tarisiro isina kujeka ye 'nyika mbiri dzevanhu vaviri' apo ivo vanofanirwa kuziva panguva ino kuti mutemo wakadaro unofa kunyangwe sehukama hweveruzhinji. tactic. Kunyanya iye zvino izvo zvinoita kunge jongwe Netanyahu avaudza kudaro kuzviso zvavo.
Tichipihwa iyi mutsara wekududzira, zvinopesana nenhau yenhau, Netanyahu angangove ari kufara kuti mubatanidzwa wake unotonga unosanganisira Religious Zionism (RZ) uye Jewish Powerbloc. RZ, inotungamirwa naBezalel Smotrich naItamar Ben-Gvar inoita kunge inobatsira, kana isiri mubatanidzwa weLikud mukutanga ichi chikamu chekupedzisira cheZionist Project, iyo inosanganisira kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo pamusoro penyika yese yechipikirwa uye zvingangoita kuti iwedzere kudzingwa kwePalestine. — wechipiri Nakba—kubva kunyika dzavakaberekerwa. Zvinoonekwa nenzira iyi, chirevo cheNetanyahu chiri pamusoro chakaenzana nemepu yemugwagwa, netarisiro neRZ ichitora mhosva yakawanda yekuzvimba uye kuita kwechisimba.
Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aya, mamiriro azvino anofanirwa kunzwisiswa zvakasiyana nemaitiro aripo ekutaura pamusoro pehurumende yerudyi uye inonyanyisa munhoroondo yeIsrael uye kushata kwekuvimba nemubatanidzwa unopa simba kune RZ. Zvinodzidzisa kuona kuti kuzvidemba kwakawanda kunoratidzwa muUS pamusoro pezvakabuda musarudzo dzemuna 2022 dzeIsrael kukonzeresa kwazvinoita parutsigiro rweIsrael mumademocracies akasununguka, kunyanya, pakati penharaunda dzine hutongi hwechiJudah. Kunzwira tsitsi kudiki kana kushushikana kunoratidzwa nemukana wekuwedzera kutambudzika kwakatsungirirwa nevaPalestine, vane dambudziko rave riri pasi pekudzimwa kwevaMabvazuva muhondo yese.
Mukuratidzira kwaBiden pasina mubvunzo kusaziva kwevaOrientalist kusava nehanya nekodzero dzePalestine, ndoda zvishuvo zvavo zviri pamutemo, chirevo chemutemo chekukorokotedza Netanyahu, Biden anobvumidza kuongororwa: "Ndinotarisira kushanda neMutungamiriri Netanyahu, anga ari wangu. shamwari kwemakumi emakore, kugadzirisa pamwe chete matambudziko mazhinji nemikana yakatarisana neIsrael nedunhu reMiddle East, kusanganisira kutyisidzira kubva kuIran. " Muchinyorwa chimwe chetecho, purezidhendi weAmerica anoti “United States icharamba ichitsigira mubatanidzwa wenyika mbiri idzi uye kupikisa mitemo inoisa mungozi kushanda kwayo kana kuti inopokana nezvido zvedu netsika dzedu.
Mazhinji pro-Israel tsinhiro yekuchinja kuenda kurudyi kudivi rekuvhota kweIsrael inokonzeresa mhedzisiro musarudzo dzaNovember kana kusavapo kwe 'mudiwa' mukutsvaga runyararo, mhinduro kune 'hugandanga' hwePalestine kana. kusimba kuri kusimukira kwekodzero yechitendero mukati meIsrael, uye mhedzisiro yezvibvumirano zvenguva dzose (zvinodaidzwa kuti Abraham Accords) zvakasvika muna 2020 mumwedzi yekupedzisira yehutungamiriri hwaTrump. Pasina kupokana, aya mamiriro ezvinhu aive nesimba mukunyengetedza chikamu chikuru chevavhoti veIsrael kumedza kusada kwavo mubatanidzwa unotonga waipa simba rakasimba kuRZ, zvinoita sekunge kufanoravira kwehutongi hwehutongi hwechiJudha hunonzwisisika, vachisarudza tariro yavo yeIsrael yakatemerwa unilaterally. kukunda' mamiriro ekusavimbika kwehunyengeri hwemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika ayo asingafarire kutaurirana chibvumirano chezvematongerwo enyika nemumwe wavo wePalestine.
Kusangana kwangu neakasununguka Zionist muAmerica kwakasimbisa kuti chido chakanaka cheIsrael maererano nechibvumirano chezvematongerwo enyika nePalestine chakanga chapinda mumadziro ezvidhina zvekupikisa kwePalestine yakaoma, kusimbisa kusina kunanga kwechikonzero che "hapana shamwari", kana zvakanakisisa, symmetry yenhema yekupomera mativi maviri mumamiriro ezvinhu apo rimwe divi raive mudzvanyiriri uye rimwe rakadzvinyirirwa, mamiriro ezvinhu akasimbiswa nekusimbirira kuti shamwari yepedyo yeIsrael uye geopolitical source yechengetedzo inoshanda semurevereri. Hapana chakaratidza kusasimba kwePalestine zvakanyanya kupfuura kuda kwavo kuvimba nehurongwa hwehumiriri hwakadaro hwekuzadzikiswa kwetarisiro yavo yekodzero dzakakosha sekuzvisarudzira.
Nepo zvinhu izvi zvave zvichiongororwa kusingaperi mukubatanidza pamwechete mukugadzira an exoteric kana kuti rondedzero yeruzhinji, nyaya chaiyo—midzi yakadzika yezvinoitika izvi—ichiri kutaurwa. Yakasungwa ne esoteric kana rondedzero yakavanzika yakatangira kugadzwa kweIsrael muna 1948, uye iyo inononoka kubuda yaisanganisira kugadziridzwa kwehunyanzvi hweZionist Project yekudzoreredza Palestine panguva iyo zvibodzwa zvekupedzisira zvaiita sezvisingasvikike.
Richard Falk ndiAlbert G. Milbank Purofesa Emeritus weInternational Law paPrinceton University, Sachigaro weGlobal law, Queen Mary University London, uye Research Associate, Orfalea Center yeGlobal Studies, UCSB.
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