Ichi ndicho Chikamu II chechinyorwa chakatorwa kubva muhurukuro yaNoam Chomsky musi waKukadzi 28, ichitsigirwa neNuclear Age Peace Foundation muSanta Barbara, Calif.
Chinyorwa chakapfuura chakaongorora kuti kuchengetedzwa kwakakosha sei kune varongi vehurumende: chengetedzo, ndiko kuti, simba rehurumende uye dunhu rayo rekutanga, yakawedzera masimba ega - zvese izvo zvinosanganisira kuti mutemo wepamutemo unofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kubva mukuongororwa neruzhinji.
Mune aya mazwi, zviito zvehurumende zvinowira munzvimbo sezvine musoro, kusanganisira kurongeka kwekuzviuraya pamwe chete. Kunyange kuparadza pakarepo nezvombo zvenyukireya hakuna kumbova kwakakwirira pakati pezvinonetsa zviremera zvehurumende.
Kupa muenzaniso kubva mukupera kweCold War: Muna Mbudzi 1983 iyo inotungamirwa neUS-North Atlantic Treaty Organisation yakatanga chirongwa chemauto chakagadzirirwa kuongorora dziviriro yemhepo yeRussia, kutevedzera kurwisa kwemhepo nevemugungwa uye kunyangwe yambiro yenyukireya.
Zviito izvi zvakaitwa panguva yakaoma zvikuru. Pershing II pfuti dzemaitiro dzaishandiswa muEurope. Mutungamiri Reagan, mutsva kubva mukutaura kwe "Evil Empire", akange azivisa Strategic Defense Initiative, yainzi "Star Wars," iyo maRussia ainzwisisa sechombo chekutanga-kurova - dudziro yakajairwa yekudzivirira missile kumativi ese.
Sezvineiwo zviito izvi zvakakonzera alarm yakakura muRussia, iyo, kusiyana neUS, yaive panjodzi uye yakanga yapindirwa kakawanda.
Zvinyorwa zvichangobva kuburitswa zvinoratidza kuti njodzi yacho yakatonyanya kupfuura zvaimbofungwa nevanyori vezvakaitika kare. Basa reNATO "rakapotsa rava nhanganyaya yekudzivirira (Russian) kurwisa kwenyukireya," maererano neakaunti gore rapfuura naDmitry Adamsky muJournal of Strategic Studies.
Kana iyi yaisava runhare rwepedyo chete. MunaGunyana 1983, masisitimu ekutanga eyambiro eRussia akanyoresa kurwiswa kwezvipombwe kubva kuUnited States ndokutumira chenjedzo yepamusoro-soro. Iyo Soviet mauto protocol yaive yekutsiva nekurwisa kwenyukireya kwayo.
Mukuru mukuru weSoviet aiva pabasa, Stanislav Petrov, achiridza nyevero yenhema, akasarudza kusazivisa nyevero dzacho kuvakuru vake. Nekuda kwekuregeredza kwake basa, isu tiri vapenyu kutaura nezve chiitiko.
Chengetedzo yehuwandu hwaive husisiri hwepamusoro kune varongi veReagan kupfuura kune vakavatangira. Kusateerera kwakadaro kunopfuurira kusvikira kunguva ino, kunyange kuisa parutivi tsaona dzakawanda dziri pedyo nenjodzi, dzakadzokororwa mubhuku idzva rinotyisa, โCommand and Control: Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety,โ rakanyorwa naEric Schlosser.
Zvakaoma kukwikwidza mhedziso yemukuru wekupedzisira weStrategic Air Command, Gen. Lee Butler, kuti vanhu kusvika pari zvino vakapukunyuka zera renyukireya โnemwe mubatanidzwa wounyanzvi, mhanza uye kupindira kwoumwari, uye ndinonyumwira yapashure mumwero mukurusa.โ
Kugashira kwehurumende, kuri nyore kugashira kutyisidzira kurarama kwakatonyanya kushamisa kubata nemashoko.
Muna 1995, pashure pokunge Soviet Union yaparara, US Strategic Command, kana kuti Stratcom, iyo inoona nezvezvombo zvenyukireya, yakabudisa ongororo, โEssentials of Post-Cold War Deterrence.โ
Mhedziso yepakati ndeyekuti US inofanirwa kuchengetedza kodzero yekurwisa kwenyukireya kwekutanga, kunyangwe nyika dzisiri dzenyukireya. Kupfuurirazve, zvombo zvenyukireya zvinofanira kuvapo nguva dzose, nokuti โzvinoisa mumvuri panhamo ipi neipi kana kuti rwisano.โ
Saka zvombo zvenyukireya zvinogara zvichishandiswa, sekushandisa kwaunoita pfuti kana uchivavarira asi usingapfure kana uchibira chitoro - pfungwa iyo Daniel Ellsberg, uyo akaburitsa Pentagon Mapepa, akasimbisa kakawanda.
Stratcom inoenderera mberi ichipa zano rekuti "vanoronga havafanire kuve vakanyanya kufunga nezve kuona ... izvo muvengi anokoshesa," izvo zvese zvinofanirwa kunangwa. "[Ini] zvinorwadza kuzviratidzira isu sevane njere zvizere uye vasina musoro. . Kuti US ive isina musoro uye yekutsiva kana zvido zvayo zvakakosha rikarwiswa zvinofanirwa kuve chikamu chehunhu hwenyika hwatinopa kune vese mhandu. "
"Zvinobatsira [ku ... maitiro edu] kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvingaite kunge 'zvisingachadzoreki'" - uye zvichikonzera njodzi yenguva dzose yekurwisa kwenyukireya.
Hazvina zvakawanda mugwaro iri zvine chekuita nechisungo chiri pasi peChibvumirano cheNon-Proliferation Treaty chekuedza "kutenda kwakanaka" kubvisa denda rezvombo zvenyukireya kubva panyika. Chii chinonzwika, pane kudaro, kugadziridzwa kweHilaire Belloc ane mukurumbira 1898 couplet nezveMaxim pfuti:
Chero chii chinoitika isu tine,
Atomu Bomb uye havana.
Zvirongwa zvenguva yemberi hazvimbovimbisi. Muna Zvita iyo DRM Budget Hofisi yakashuma kuti zvombo zvenyukireya zveUS zvichadhura madhora mabhiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu mumakore gumi anotevera. Muna Ndira James Martin Center yeNonproliferation Studies inofungidzira kuti US yaizoshandisa madhora miriyoni imwe pazvombo zvenyukireya mumakore makumi matatu anotevera.
Uye zvechokwadi United States haisi yega munhangemutange yezvombo. Sezvakacherekedza Butler, chishamiso chiri pedyo kuti tapukunyuka ruparadziko kusvika zvino. Kana tikaramba tichiedza zvakarongwa, kashoma kuti titarisire kupindira kwaMwari kuti chishamiso chacho chienderere mberi.
Panyaya yezvombo zvenyukireya, zvirinani isu tinoziva musimboti nzira yekukunda nayo kutyisidzira kweapocalypse: Vabvise.
Asi imwe njodzi inotyisa inokanda mumvuri wayo pamusoro pekufunga kweramangwana - njodzi yezvakatipoteredza. Hazvina kujeka kuti pane kana kutiza, kunyangwe tikanonoka, ndipo pakanyanya kutyisidzira - uye kwete mune ramangwana riri kure. Kuzvipira kwehurumende kukuchengetedza vanhu vadzo naizvozvo kunoratidzwa zvakajeka nemagadzirisiro avanoita nyaya iyi.
Nhasi United States iri kuchema nezve "makore zana ekuzvimirira kwesimba" sezvo nyika inova "Saudi Arabia yezana ramakore rinotevera" - ingangoita zana rekupedzisira rebudiriro yemunhu kana mitemo iripo ikaramba iripo.
Mumwe anogona kutotora kutaura kweMutungamiri Obama makore maviri apfuura mutaundi remafuta reCushing, Okla., Kuti rive rakatsetseka rerufu kumarudzi.
Akazivisa nekuzvikudza, nekuombera maoko, kuti โZvino, pasi pehutongi hwangu, America iri kugadzira mafuta akawanda nhasi kupfuura chero nguva mumakore masere apfuura. Ndizvo zvakakosha kuziva. Kwemakore matatu apfuura, ndakaraira manejimendi angu kuti avhure mamirioni emaeka ekutsvagisa gasi neoiri munzvimbo 23 dzakasiyana. Tiri kuvhura zvinopfuura makumi manomwe neshanu muzana ezviwanikwa zvedu zveoiri kumahombekombe. Takawedzera zvakapetwa kana nhamba dzemashandisirwo ekushandisa kusvika pakakwirira. Takawedzera pombi itsva yeoiri negasi yakakwana kuti itenderere Pasi uye zvimwe. โ
Kuombera maoko kunoratidzawo chimwe chinhu pamusoro pekuzvipira kwehurumende kuchengetedza. Mhindu yemuindasitiri ine chokwadi kuchengetedzwa sezvo "kugadzira mafuta akawanda negasi pano pamba" icharamba iri "chikamu chakakosha" chesimba resimba, sekuvimbisa kwakaita mutungamiri wenyika.
Bazi remakambani riri kuita nhepfenyuro huru dzekunyepa kuti veruzhinji vaone kuti kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kana kuchiitika zvachose, hakubvi mumabasa evanhu. Kuedza uku kwakanangana nekukunda huchenjeri hwakawandisa hweveruzhinji, izvo zviri kuramba zvichinetsekana nekutyisidzirwa kuri kutorwa nesaenzi sekunge kuri pedyo-kwakati uye kunotyisa.
Kuzvitaura zvakajeka, mukuverenga kwetsika kwecapitalism yanhasi, bhonasi hombe mangwana inokurira mugumo wevazukuru.
Ndedzipi dziri kariro dzokupukunyuka ipapo? Havana kupenya. Asi kubudirira kweavo vakatamburira kwemazana emakore kuti vawane rusununguko rukuru uye kururamisira vanosiya nhaka inogona kutorwa uye kuendeswa mberi - uye inofanira kuva, uye munguva pfupi, kana tariro yekupona kwakanaka ichizotsigirwa. Uye hapana chinogona kutiudza zvakanyatsojeka kuti tiri zvisikwa zvipi.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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