Ichokwadi kuti nyika iri munjodzi; Chokwadi, kune matambudziko akawandisa akatarisana nenyika yedu uye pasi rave padanho rekuparara, sezvo Noam Chomsky anotsanangura pahurukuro yakasarudzika pazasi Zvakashata. Chisinganyanyo zivikanwa ndechekuti imwe nyika inogoneka nekuti yazvino haichagariki, anodaro mumwe wenyanzvi dzepamusoro dzeveruzhinji pasi rose.
Chomsky ndiye purofesa anobuda muDhipatimendi reLinguistics uye Philosophy kuMIT uye purofesa anoremekedzwa wemitauro uye Agnese Nelms Haury Sachigaro muChirongwa cheNzvimbo uye Zvemagariro Evanhu paYunivhesiti yeArizona. Imwe yenyanzvi dzinonyanya kutaurwa pasirese uye nyanzvi yeruzhinji inotorwa nemamiriyoni evanhu sepfuma yenyika nekunze, Chomsky akaburitsa mabhuku anodarika zana nemakumi mashanu mumitauro, zvematongerwo enyika nemagariro, hupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika, zvidzidzo zvenhau, mutemo wekunze weUS nenyika. nyaya. Mabhuku ake achangoburwa ndeaya Chiremera Chisiri Chemutemo: Kutarisana Nezvinetso Zvenguva Yedu (iri kuuya; pamwe neCJ Polychroniou); Zvakavanzika Zvemashoko (pamwe naAndrea Moro; MIT Press, 2022); Kubviswa: Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan, uye Fragility yeUS Power (pamwe naVijay Prashad; The New Press, 2022); uye Iyo Precipice: Neoliberalism, Denda uye Kuchimbidza Kudiwa Kwekuchinja Kwemagariro (pamwe neCJ Polychroniou; Haymarket Mabhuku, 2021).
CJ Polychroniou: Noam, patinopinda mugore idzva, ndinoda kutanga iyi bvunzurudzo nekukukumbira kuti uratidze matambudziko makuru akatarisana nenyika yedu nhasi uye kuti ungabvumirana here nechirevo chekuti kufambira mberi kwevanhu, nepo chiri chokwadi uye chakakura mune zvimwe zvinhu, hapana kunyange kana chisingadzivisiki?
Noam Chomsky: Nzira iri nyore yekupindura ndeye Doomsday Clock, ikozvino yaiswa pamasekonzi 100 kusvika pakati pehusiku, inogona kufambira mberi pedyo nekugumiswa kana yaiswa patsva mumavhiki mashoma. Sezvazvinofanira, tichifunga zvanga zvichiitika mugore rapfuura. Matambudziko aakaratidza muna Ndira apfuura anoramba ari pamusoro pechinyorwa: hondo yenyukireya, kupisa kwepasi rose, uye kumwe kuparadza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kudonha kwenhandare yehurukuro ine musoro iyo inopa tariro yega yekugadzirisa matambudziko aripo. Pane zvimwe, asi ngatitarisei izvi.
Washington ichangobvuma kupa Ukraine zvombo zvePatriot. Kuti vanoshanda kana kusashanda mubvunzo wakavhurika, asi Russia ichatora ongororo yakaipisisa uye inovaona sechinangwa. Tine zvishoma ruzivo, asi zvingangoita kuti varairidzi vekuUS vauye nemakomba, saka zvibodzwa zvekurwisa kweRussia, izvo zvingatifambisa nhanho shoma kukwira manera.
Haisiyo chete mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa muUkraine, asi kutyisidzira kwekukwira kuhondo isingafungidzirwe hakusi ikoko chete. Zvine ngozi zvakaringana kubva kumahombekombe eChina, kunyanya sezvo Biden akazivisa hondo chaiyo kuChina uye Congress iri kukurumidza kuputsa "kusanzwisisana" kwakachengetedza runyararo maererano neTaiwan kwemakore makumi mashanu, nyaya dzese dzatakambotaura.
Pasina kuenderera mberi, kutyisidzira kwehondo yekupedzisira kwawedzera, pamwe nevimbiso dzehupenzi uye dzekusaziva kuti hazvidi kutinetsa.
Ngatitendeukire kune zvakatipoteredza. Pakudziya kwepasi rose, nhau dzinobva pakutyisa kusvika pakutyisa, asi kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakajeka. The Biodiversity Convention inhanho huru yekudzora kuparadzwa kunouraya kwemhoteredzo. Tsigiro inenge yepasi rose, kunyangwe isiri yakazara. Imwe nyika yakaramba kusaina, yakajairika, nyika ine simba zvikuru munhoroondo yenyika. Iyo GOP, yechokwadi kumisimboti yayo, inoramba kutsigira chero chinhu chingakanganisa masimba ega uye purofiti. Nezvikonzero zvakafanana, iyo US yakaramba kusaina Kyoto Protocols pamusoro pekudziya kwepasi (yakabatanidzwa mune iyi nyaya neAndorra), ichitanga kutadza kwakashata kuita izvo zvakaderedza zvakanyanya tarisiro yekupukunyuka kubva munjodzi.
Handisi kureva kuti nyika itsvene. Kure nazvo. Asi hegemon yepasi rose inomira pachena.
Ngatitendeukire kune chechitatu chinhu chinotyaira iyo Doomsday Clock kusvika pakati pehusiku: kudonha kwenhandare yehurukuro inonzwisisika. Hurukuro zhinji yechiitiko ichi chinoshungurudza zvakanyanya inotarisana nekuputika mumagariro enhau, dzidziso dzekurangana, QAnon uye sarudzo dzakabiwa, uye zvimwe zviitiko zvine njodzi zvinogona kurondwa muchikamu chikuru kusvika pakuparara kwehurongwa hwemagariro pasi pekurova kwesando yehondo yekirasi. makore makumi mana apfuura. Asi zvirinani isu tine pfungwa dzakadzikama uye dzine pfungwa dzepfungwa dzakasununguka dzinopa tariro yehurukuro ine musoro.
Kana kuti isu?
Zvatinoona mune ino dura kazhinji zvinoshora kutenda - uye zvinomutsa kusekwa kunze kwekurangarirwa kweMadokero madenderedzwa. Semuenzaniso, bhuku rinotungamira rekugadzwa renhau dzepasi rose rinotizivisa zvine hungwaru kuti kukundwa kweRussia "zvaizosimbisa musimboti kuti kurwisa imwe nyika hakugoni kurega kurangwa.”
Magazini iri kutaura nezvemusimboti wakatsigirwa nehana apo isu tiri vamiririri vehutsinye - pfungwa inongobuda pakati peavo vanopara mhosva isingaregererwe yekushandisa kwatiri isu misimboti yatinosimudzira vamwe neushingi. Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti pfungwa iyi haina kumbobvira yabuda mumainstream. Asi hazvisi nyore kuwana.
Dzimwe nguva zvinoonekwa zvinoshamisira zvekuti munhu ane kodzero yekushamisika kuti chii chingave chiri shure kwayo, sezvo vanyori vasingakwanisi kutenda zvavari kutaura. Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu angaite sei kunyaya ine musoro unoti “Hapana humbowo hwekupedzisira Russia iri kuseri kweNord Stream kurwisa,” vachienderera mberi vachitsanangura kuti, “vatungamiriri venyika vakakurumidza kupomera Moscow nokuda kwokuputika kwaitevedza mapaipi egasi chaiwo ari pasi pegungwa. Asi vamwe vakuru vakuru vekuMadokero zvino vanokahadzika kuti Kremlin yaive nemhosva," kunyangwe maRussia vangangozviita kuti "vadzore kuyerera kwesimba kumamiriyoni mukondinendi yese"?
Ichokwadi zvakakwana kuti vazhinji vekuMadokero vakakurumidza kupomera Russia mhosva, asi izvo zvinodzidzisa sekuti kana chimwe chinhu chikatadza, maRussia apparatchiks anokurumidza kupa mhosva iyo US Muchokwadi, sekuzivikanwa kwakawanda kwepasirese kamwechete, Russia iri pamusoro. mudiki angangove ane mhosva. Hapana chavanowana pakuparadza pfuma yavo inokosha; Gazprom yehurumende yeRussia ndiyo muridzi mukuru uye mugadziri wemapaipi, uye Russia iri kuverenga pairi kuwana mari uye pesvedzero. Kana vaida “kudzongonyedza kuyerera kwesimba,” chavaizofanira kuita chete kuvhara mamwe mavharuvhu.
Sekuzivikanwa kwazvakaita nzvimbo dzepasirese panguva imwe chete, angangove ane mhosva ndiye ega aive nezvose zviri zviviri vavariro uye kugona. Chinangwa cheUS hachisi mubvunzo. Yave ichiziviswa pachena kwemakore. Mutungamiri Biden vakaudza vamwe vavo vekuGerman, pachena, kuti kana Russia ikapinda muUkraine pombi yaizoparadzwa. Kugona kweUS hakuna mubvunzo, kunyangwe kunze kwemauto makuru eUS munzvimbo yekuparadza nguva isati yaitika.
Asi kutora mhedziso iri pachena inoseka sekubata kuti "tsika yekuti kurwiswa kune imwe nyika haigone kuenda isina kurangwa" inogona kushanda kana US ichirwisa Iraq kana chero ani zvake. Zvisingatauriki.
Chii chinoramba chiri kunze kwemusoro wenyaya wenyaya "Hapana humbowo hwakazara kuti Russia iri kuseri kweNord Stream kurwisa" - dudziro yeOrwellian yechirevo chekuti isu tine humbowo hukuru hwekuti Russia yanga isiri kumashure kwekurwiswa uye kuti US yaive.
Mhinduro inonzwisisika zvikuru inyanzvi ye“mbavha, mbavha”, chiziviso chenhema chakarovedzeka: Kana ukabatwa nemaoko ako muhomwe yomumwe munhu, usazviramba uye kurambwa nyore nyore. Panzvimbo pezvo, nongedzera kune imwe nzvimbo ndokudanidzira kuti “mbavha, mbavha,” uchibvuma kuti kune ugororo apo uchisuudzira ngwariro kumuiti wezvakaipa anofungidzira. Inoshanda zvakanaka kwazvo. Indasitiri yemafuta ezvicherwa yanga ichidzidzira zvinobudirira kwemakore, sezvatakakurukura. Inoshanda zvakatonaka kana yakashongedzwa nemaitiro akajairwa anoita kuti propaganda yeUS ishande zvakanyanya kupfuura inorema-ruoko rwehudzvanyiriri: kusimudzira gakava kuratidza kuvhurika kwedu, asi mukati mezvipingamupinyi zvakatetepa zvinopinza meseji yekunyepedzera nekufungidzira, iyo inoshanda zvakanyanya. pane kutaura. Saka, simbisa chokwadi chekuti pane kusahadzika pamusoro pehuipi hweRussia, zvichiratidza kuti isu tiri nzanga yakasununguka uye yakavhurika isu tichisimbisa zvakadzama chirevo chinosekesa icho chirongwa chekuparadzira chiri kutsvaga kuisa.
Pane, kutaura chokwadi, chimwe chingaitika: Zvimwe zvikamu zvezvidzidzo zvepfungwa zvakanyura muhurongwa hwekuparadzira mashoko zvekuti havanyatsoona kupusa kwezvavari kutaura.
Chero nzira, chiyeuchidzo chakasimba chekuputsika kwenhandare yehurukuro dzine musoro, kwatingatarisira kuti inogona kudzivirirwa.
Nehurombo, zvese zviri nyore kuenderera.
Muchidimbu, zvese zvitatu zvezvikonzero nei Clock yakaendeswa kumasekonzi zana kusvika pakati pehusiku zvakasimbiswa zvakasimba mugore rapfuura. Kwete mhedziso inonyaradza, asi isinganzvengeki.
Masayendisiti ari kutinyevera kuti kudziya kwepasi kunotyisa zvikuru zvokuti budiriro yakananga kunjodzi huru. Zvinoreva apocalyptic kana maonero pamusoro pekudziya kwepasi anobatsira here? Chokwadi, chii chichatora kuti tibudirire kuita chiito chemamiriro ekunze, tichifunga kuti nyika ine simba zvikuru munhoroondo “inzvimbo ine utsinye iri kutungamira nyika mukuparara kwezvisikwa,” sezvakataurwa naGeorge Monbiot nenzira yakakodzera. ichangobva kuitika in The Guardian?
Iyo Yale University Climate chirongwa chemamiriro ekunze uye kutaurirana yanga ichiita zvidzidzo pamusoro penzira yakanaka yekuunza vanhu kuti vanzwisise chokwadi chedambudziko rakatarisana nevanhu. Kune vamwe, kubva mumaonero akasiyana.
Ibasa rakakosha zvakanyanya mu "nyika ine hukasha inotungamira pasi rose mukuputsika kwezvakatipoteredza." Iri zvakare ibasa rekuomerwa, zvichipihwa kuti kuramba harisipo chete mune mamwe madenderedzwa asi kwave pedyo nemutemo weRepublican Party kubvira apo sangano rinotyisa rakakundwa nekugumbura kweKoch energy conglomerate, yakatangwa apo bato raiita senge rave. kuenda kune hutsanana panguva ye2008 McCain campaign. Kana vanovimbika mubato vachinzwa vatungamiriri vavo, uye vezvenhau vachivavimbisa kuti “musazvinetse,” hazvisi nyore kusvika kwavari. Uye kunyangwe zvakanyanyisa, iyo GOP haisi yega.
Zvinoita sekunge zvinobvumiranwa kuti zvirevo zveapocalyptic hazvibatsire. Vanhu vanoteerera kana kuteerera vokanda mapfumo pasi: "Yakakurisa kwandiri." Zvinoita sezvinobudirira zvakanyanya kutarisisa ruzivo rwakananga uye pamatanho anogona kutorwa, kunyangwe ari madiki. Zvose izvi zvinozivikanwa nevarongi kazhinji. Inzira yakaoma kutevera kune avo vanoziva kukura kwedambudziko iri. Asi nhamburiko dzokusvika vanhu dzinofanira kuwiriraniswa nokunzwisisa kwavo nezvinovanetsa. Zvikasadaro, vanogona kudzika kuparidza vachizviitira pasina.
Munguva ichangopfuura, takakurukura mune imwe bvunzurudzo zvinangwa nemhedzisiro yeneoliberal capitalism. Ikozvino, neoliberalism inowanzoenderana nekudyidzana kwepasirese, asi zviri pachena kuti iyo yekupedzisira inzira yakawanda yakavepo kare kusati kwamuka neoliberalism. Ehe, nzira huru yekudyidzana kwepasirese nhasi ndeye neoliberal globalization, asi izvi hazvireve kuti kudyidzana kwepasi rose kunofanirwa kurongeka kune neoliberal marongero nehunhu, kana kufunga kuti "hapana imwe nzira." Kune chokwadi kuenderera mberi kunetsa pasirese kutonga kwedemocracy pamusoro penyika, misika nemakambani. Mubvunzo wangu ndouyu: Ipfungwa yekufunga kutenda kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kupikiswa uye kuti imwe nyika inogoneka?
Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose zvinongoreva kubatana kwenyika dzose. Inogona kutora nzira dzakawanda. Kudyidzana kwepasi rose kweneoliberal kwakagadzirwa zvakanyanya mukati memakore aClinton akagadzirwa mukufarira mari yakazvimirira, iine ruzhinji rwezvibvumirano zvekuchengetedza-kodzero dzevadzvanyiriri zvakavharwa se "kutengeserana kwemahara." Izvozvo zvakanga zvisingadzivisiki. Vese bato revashandi, neCongress's own research Bureau (Hofisi yeTekinoroji Ongororo, kana OTA) vakakurudzira dzimwe nzira dzakanangana nezvido zvevanhu vanoshanda muUS nekune dzimwe nyika. Vakadzingwa zvachose. Iyo OTA yakabviswa, maererano nemishumo, nekuti Newt Gingrich's GOP akazviona sevakarerekera kwavari, kunyangwe zvingave kuti Clintonite New Democrats akagovana manzwiro pamusoro pechokwadi uye chikonzero. Capital yakabudirira, kusanganisira iyo inonyanya kurwisa mari system. Basa rakapera simba zvikuru, nemigumisiro inodzokera kune yazvino.
Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose kunogona kutora chimiro chakasiyana zvikuru, sezvinongoitawo gadziriro dzeupfumi kazhinji kazhinji. Kune nhoroondo refu yekuedza kuparadzanisa zvematongerwo enyika kubva kunharaunda yehupfumi, iyo yekupedzisira yakatorwa sechinangwa chaicho, seyemuchadenga, inotungamirwa nenyanzvi mune zvehupfumi basa uye inodzivirira kune agency yevagari vemo, kunyanya vashandi. Imwe ongororo yazvino inonakidza, naClara Mattei, inotaura nekunyengetedza kuti dichotomy iyi, kazhinji inotora maitiro ezvirongwa zveusterity, yave iri chombo chikuru chehondo yekirasi kwezana remakore, ichigadzira nzira yefascism, iyo yakagamuchirwa zvechokwadi neWestern elite maonero, nechido ne " vakasununguka.”
Zvisinei, hapana chikonzero chokubvuma ngano dzacho. Nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika mupfungwa yakafara, kusanganisira yevashandi uye kumwe kushambadza kwakakurumbira, inogona kuumba hurongwa hwehupfumi nenzira dzinobatsira vanhu, kwete purofiti uye simba repachivande. Kusimuka kwehutongi hwezvido zvevanhu kunoratidza izvozvo zvakanaka, asi hapanawo chikonzero chekubvuma fungidziro yaro yekuti hutongi hwejekerere mutemo wechisikigo. Kunokora mashoko Mattei, “kana masangano avanhu anogona kupfuurira kupfuura ukama hwecapitalist [kuchisarudzo chegutsaruzhinji], kana kuti boka rinotonga richadzorerazve utongi hwaro.”
Mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kupikiswa zvechokwadi. Nyika iri nani zvikuru iri pedyo zvechokwadi. Pane zvikonzero zvose zvekukudza sirogani yeWorld Social Forum yokuti "Imwe nyika inogoneka," iri nani zvikuru, uye kuzvipira kuedza kwedu kuita kuti zvive zvechokwadi.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta
1 komenda
Thanks zvakare Professor Chomsky. Ndinogara ndichiwana tariro kubva pakuverenga zvinyorwa zvenyu.
VaPhillips
Kanadha
Retired