US yekune dzimwe nyika mutemo muzana ramakore re21 haina zvishoma zvekupa kunze kwesimba guru remauto. Zvamazvirokwazvo, aenda mazuva apo simba rechiuto rakashandiswa โkusikazve nyika mumufananidzo weAmerica.โ Munguva yehondo yeCold War, kupindira kwemauto eUS kunoitika pasina chiono chakazara chehurongwa uye nezvikonzero zvepfungwa kushaya simba uye kutendiswa kunyangwe pakati pevadyidzani veUnited States. Hazvishamisi kuti kupindira kwemauto, nguva dzose kusiri pamutemo uye kusingakodzeri, kunoguma kusingaite chimwe chinhu kunze kwekusikwa kwemakomba matema, uku zvichipa mukana kune matsva uye anogara achiwedzera masangano emagandanga ane chisimba akagadzirira kuparadzira maonero avo emagariro nezvematongerwo enyika.
Mubvunzurudzo iyi yakasarudzika yeChokwadi, Noam Chomsky anoratidza kusimba kwemutemo wekunze weUS muzana ramakore re21 uye zvinorehwa nemutemo wekunaya kwekuparadzwa kwepasi rose. Chomsky anoongororawo basa rekupinda kweRussia muSyria, kusimuka kweIslamic State uye kukwezva kuri pachena kwairi kuita kune vechidiki vazhinji vechiMuslim kubva kuEurope, uye inopa maonero asina kunaka nezveramangwana reUS yekune dzimwe nyika mutemo.
CJ Polychroniou: Kupindira kwemauto eUS muzana ramakore re21 (semuenzaniso, Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria) kwakaratidza njodzi, asi mazwi egakava rekupindira haasati adzokororwa pakati pevagadziri veWashington. Ndeipi tsananguro yeizvi?
Noam Chomski: Muchikamu chekare clichรฉ: Kana zvese zvaunazvo iri sando, zvese zvinoita sembambo. Mukana wekufananidza weUS uri muuto rehondo. Kana imwe nzira yekupindira ikakundikana, dzidziso uye tsika inogona kudzokororwa nemichina mitsva, zvigadzirwa, nezvimwewo. Pane kuongorora kwakanaka kwemaitiro kubva kuHondo Yenyika II kusvika ikozvino mubhuku razvino ra Andrew Cockburn, Uraya Chain. Pane dzimwe nzira dzinobvira, dzakadai sekutsigira democratization (muchokwadi, kwete rhetoric). Asi izvi zvine mhedzisiro ingangodaro isingafadze US. Ndicho chikonzero apo US inotsigira "democracy"; inzira dze โpamusoro-pasiโ dzedemocracy umo vanhu vechinyakare vane hukama neUnited States vanoramba vari musimba, tichitora mashoko enyanzvi ye โkusimudzirwa kwedemocracy,โ Thomas Carothers, aimbove mukuru weReagan anomiririra hurongwa uhu. inoziva chokwadi, zvisingafadzi.
Vamwe vakapokana kuti hondo dzaObama dzakatosiyana muchimiro nehunhu kubva kune dzakamutangira, George W. Bush. Pane humbowo here huri seri kwezvirevo izvi?
Bush aivimba nekukatyamadzwa-uye-kutya mhirizhonga yemauto, izvo zvakaratidza njodzi kune vakakuvadzwa uye zvakakonzera kukundwa kwakanyanya kweUS. VaObama vari kuvimba nemaitiro akasiyana, kunyanya chirongwa chekuuraya pasi rose, icho chinotyora zvinyorwa zvitsva muhugandanga hwepasi rose, uye mashandiro eSpecial Forces, pari zvino pamusoro pepasirese. Nick Turse, muongorori anotungamira pamusoro pechinyorwa, munguva pfupi yapfuura yakashuma kuti mauto eUnited States "akaendeswa kune imwe nyika inoparadza 147 muna 2015."
Destabilization uye chandinodaidza kuti "kugadzirwa kwemakomba matema" ndicho chinangwa chikuru cheHumambo hweChaos kuMiddle East nekumwewo, asi zviri pachena zvakare kuti US iri kufamba nechikepe mugungwa rine mhirizhonga isina pfungwa yekutungamira uye iri, kutaura idi, kusatombo ziva maererano nezvinofanira kuitwa kana basa rekuparadza rapera. Zvakawanda sei zveizvi zvinokonzerwa nekuderera kweUS sehegemon yepasi rose?
Mhirizhonga uye destabilization ndezvechokwadi, asi handifunge kuti ndicho chinangwa. Asi, mhedzisiro yekurova masisitimu asina kusimba ayo munhu asinganzwisise nesando ndicho chishandiso chikuru, sekuIraq, Libya, Afghanistan nekumwewo. Kana iri yekuenderera kuderera kweUS hegemonic simba (chaizvoizvo, kubva ku1945, pamwe nekukwira nekudzika), kune mhedzisiro mune yazvino nyika. Tora, semuenzaniso, mugumo waEdward Snowden. Nyika ina dzeLatin America dzinonzi dzakamupa hupoteri, dzisisatyi kurohwa neWashington. Hapana simba rimwechete reEurope rinoda kutarisana nehasha dzeUS. Ndiwo mhedzisiro yekuderera kwakanyanya kwesimba reUS muWestern hemisphere.
Nekudaro, ini ndinokahadzika kuti mhirizhonga muMiddle East inoteedzera zvakanyanya kune ichi chinhu. Imwe mhedzisiro yekupinda nechisimba kweUS muIraq kwaive kukurudzira kukakavara kwemasekete kuri kuparadza Iraq uye iko zvino kwave kubvarura dunhu kuita zvidimbu. Kubhomba kweEurope-kwakatangwa kweLibya kwakagadzira njodzi ipapo, iyo yakapararira kure nekure nekuyerera kwezvombo uye nekukurudzira mhosva dzejihadi. Uye kune zvimwe zvakawanda zvinokonzerwa nechisimba chekunze. Kunewo zvakawanda zvemukati zvinhu. Ini ndinofunga kuti mutori wenhau weMiddle East Patrick Cockburn akarurama mukuona kwake kuti Wahhabization yeSunni Islam ndechimwe chezviitiko zvine ngozi zvikuru zvenguva yazvino. Parizvino mazhinji ematambudziko anotyisa anoratidzika kunge asingagone kunyungudika, senge njodzi yeSyria, uko tariro diki chete iri mune imwe mhando yenhaurirano yekugadziriswa uko masimba anobatanidzwa anoita kunge ari kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma.
Russia iri kunayawo kuparadza muSyria. Nechinangwa chei, uye Russia inotyisa kune zvido zveUS mudunhu?
Zano reRussia sezviri pachena nderekutsigira hutongi hweAssad, uye zvechokwadi "iri kunaya kuparadza," kunyanya kurwisa mauto anotungamirwa nejihadi anotsigirwa neTurkey, Saudi Arabia neQatar, uye kusvika pamwero weUS. Chinyorwa chechangobva kuitika muWashington Post chakaratidza kuti zvombo zvehunyanzvi zvakapihwa neCIA kumauto aya (kusanganisira TOW anti-tank missile) akange achinja chiyero chemauto kurwisa Assad uye chaive chinhu chekukwevera maRussia mukati. Pa "US kufarira, โ tinofanira kungwarira. Zvido zvesimba reUS uye zvevanhu veUnited States zvinowanzosiyana, sezvazvinowanzoitika kune dzimwe nzvimbo zvakare. Chido chepamutemo cheUS ndechekubvisa Assad, uye sechisikigo tsigiro yeRussia yeAssad inotyisidzira izvo. Uye kunetsana hakusi kungokuvadza, kana kusiri njodzi, kuSyria, asiwo kunotakura kutyisidzira kwekuwedzera netsaona kunogona kuita njodzi kure.
ISISIS chikara chakagadzirwa neUS?
Hurukuro ichangoburwa nemuongorori ane mukurumbira wekuMiddle East Graham Fuller ine musoro unoti, "Aimbova mukuru weCIA anoti mitemo yeUS yakabatsira kugadzira IS." Zvinotaurwa naFuller, sezvandinofunga, ndezvokuti, "Ini ndinofunga United States ndeimwe yevasiki vakakosha vesangano iri. IUnited States haina kuronga kuumbwa kweISIS, asi kupindira kwayo kunoparadza kuMiddle East uye hondo muIraq ndiyo zvikonzero zvekuzvarwa kweISIS. Iwe ucharangarira kuti pekutangira kwesangano iri kwaive kupikisa kupinda kweUS muIraq. Mumazuva iwayo yaitsigirwa nevazhinji vasiri maMuslim maSunni zvakare nekuda kwekupikisa kwavo kutorwa kweIraq. Ndinofunga nanhasi ISIS [yava kunzi Islamic State] inotsigirwa nevaSunni vakawanda vanonzwa vakaparadzaniswa nehurumende yechiShiite muBaghdad.โ Kugadzwa kwehutongi hweShiite yaive mhedzisiro yakanangana nekupinda kweUS, kukunda kweIran uye chimwe chinhu chekukundwa kunoshamisa kweUS muIraq. Saka mukupindura mubvunzo wako, hutsinye hweUS hwakakonzera kusimuka kweISIS, asi hapana chakanakira kurangana dzidziso dziri kutenderera mudunhu dzinobata kuti US yakaronga kusimuka kwehukusha uhu hunoshamisa.
Unotsanangura sei kunakidzwa kunoitwa nesangano rakashata uye rine hutsinye seIslamic State kune vechidiki vazhinji vechiMuslim vanogara muEurope?
Pakave nekunaka kwekudzidza kwakangwarira kwechiitiko, naScott Atran pakati pevamwe. Chikumbiro chacho chinoratidzika kuva chiri zvikurukuru pakati pavanhu vaduku vanorarama mumigariro yokudzvinyirirwa nokunyadziswa, vane tariro shomanene nomukana muduku, uye vanotsvaka nharidzano yakati muupenyu inopa rukudzo nokuzviita; muchiitiko ichi, kuumba utopian Islamic state ichikwira mukupikisa mazana emakore ekukundwa uye kuparadzwa nesimba rekuMadokero. Pamusoro pazvo, panoratidzika kuva kune tsungiriro yakanaka yevezera - nhengo dzechikwata chenhabvu chimwe chete, zvichingodaro. Hunhu hwakanyanya hwemasekete emakakatanwa emudunhu hapana mubvunzo zvakare chinhu - kwete "kungodzivirira Islam" asi kuidzivirira kubva kune vakaramba kutenda veShiite. Icho chiitiko chakashata uye chine njodzi.
Hutongi hwaObama hwakaratidza kufarira kushoma pakuongorora zvakare hukama hweUS nehurumende dzehudzvanyiriri uye dzakasimba munzvimbo dzakaita seEgypt neSouth Arabia. Ko kukwidziridzwa kwedemocracy chinhu chakazara sham cheUS yekune dzimwe nyika mutemo?
Pasina panikiro kune vanhu vakafanana naThomas Carothers, adudzwa pamusoro apa, avo vakazvipira chaizvoizvo kukusimudzirwa kwedemocracy, uye vari mukati mehurumende; akabatanidzwa mu "kusimudzirwa kwedemocracy" muReagan State Department. Asi rekodhi rinoratidza zvakajeka kuti hachisi chinhu mugwara, uye kazhinji demokrasi inoonekwa sekutyisidzira - nezvikonzero zvakanaka, kana tichitarisa maonero akakurumbira. Kungotaura muenzaniso mumwe chete wakajeka, sarudzo dzemaonero epasi rose neanotungamira US polling agency (WIN/Gallup) anoratidza kuti US inoonekwa seyakanyanya kutyisidzira runyararo rwepasirese nemuganho mukuru, Pakistan iri kumashure munzvimbo yechipiri (inofungidzirwa kuti yakawedzera vhoti yeIndia). Sarudzo dzakatorwa muEgypt manheru echitubu cheArab dzakaratidza rutsigiro rwakakura rwezvombo zvenyukireya zveIran kurwisa simba reIsrael neUS. Maonero eruzhinji anowanzo kufarira shanduko yemagariro erudzi rwunogona kukuvadza US-based multinational. Uye zvimwe zvakawanda. Aya haasati ari marongero ayo hurumende yeUS ingade kuona yakatangwa, asi hutongi hwejekerere huchapa izwi rakakosha kune veruzhinji. Nezvikonzero zvakafanana, demokrasi inotyiwa kumba.
Iwe unofungidzira chero shanduko huru muUS yekune dzimwe nyika mutemo munguva pfupi iri kutevera ingave iri pasi peDemocratic kana Republican manejimendi?
Kwete pasi pehutongi hweDemocratic, asi mamiriro ezvinhu neRepublican manejimendi haana kujeka. Bato iri rabva kure nezvematongerwo enyika. Kana zviziviso zvechirimwa chiripo chevavhoti zvikatorwa zvakakomba, nyika inogona kunge yakatarisana nedambudziko rakakura. Tora, semuenzaniso, chibvumirano chenyukireya neIran. Havasi ivo chete vanopikisana nazvo asi ivo vari kukwikwidza kuti nekukurumidza sei kubhomba Iran. Inguva inoshamisa kwazvo munhoroondo yezvematongerwo enyika yeAmerica, uye munyika ine masimba anotyisa ekuparadza, izvo hazvifanire kukonzera kunetseka kudiki.
CJ Polychroniou inyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika economist / yezvematongerwo enyika akadzidzisa nekushanda mumayunivhesiti nenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa muEurope nekuUnited States. Zvido zvake zvekutsvagisa zviri muEuropean mubatanidzwa wehupfumi, kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose, hupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika hweUnited States uye kudzoreredzwa kwechirongwa chezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi cheNeoliberalism. Iye anogara achipa kune Truthout pamwe nenhengo yeTruthout's Public Intellectual Project. Akaburitsa mabhuku akati wandei uye zvinyorwa zvake zvakabuda mumagazini akasiyana siyana, magazini, mapepanhau uye mawebhusaiti enhau ane mukurumbira. Mabhuku ake akawanda akashandurirwa mumitauro yakawanda yokumwe, kusanganisira chiCroatia, chiFrench, chiGiriki, chiItalian, chiPutukezi, chiSpanish nechiTurkey.
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