1. PaKuvakazve
Anthony DiMaggio: "Kuvakazve kwevanhu" kweIraq kwakabvumwa kusvika pamwero mukuru sekukundikana mupepanhau rekambani. Zvinofadza, zvakadaro, kuona zvikonzero zvakapihwa nei: kupokana kuri kukanganisa kuvaka patsva, pakanga pasina kufanoona kwakakwana neBush manejimendi muhurongwa hwekuronga patsva, "kukurumidza kushanduka kwevashandi" kweavo maAmerican akabatanidzwa mukuvakazve, Mari yeAmerica "zvinofanira" yakaenda ku "pacification" panzvimbo yekuvaka patsva, nezvimwewo. Zvinoita sezvisingabvumirwi pano ibasa chero ripi zvaro rakaiswa paBush Administration nekuda kwekukundikana kwayo kuita kuti kuvakwa kwevanhu kuve chinhu chinokosha.
Chomsky: Zvikonzero zvakare zvinotarisisa chokwadi chekuti hupanduki hwakagadzirwa nehutsinye hwekupindirwa nekugara - izvo zviri, izvo, chimwe chekutadza kunoshamisa munhoroondo yemauto. MaNazi aive nedambudziko diki muEurope yakagarwa, uye maRussia akabata masatellite avo kwemakumi emakore nekunetseka kushoma. Zvakaoma kufunga analogi. Mwedzi mishomanana pashure pokuvhozhokera kwacho, ndakasangana nachiremba mukuru ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira ane rimwe remasangano makuru okuyamura, uyo akabatira mudzimwe nzvimbo dzakaipisisa dzenyika. Akanga achangodzoka kwenguva pfupi kubva kuBaghdad, kwaakanga achiedza kumisazve nzvimbo dzekurapa, asi haana kukwanisa nekuda kwekusakwanisa kweCPA. Akandiudza kuti akanga asati amboona musanganiswa wakadaro we "kuzvikudza, kusaziva, uye kusakwanisa," achitaura nezvevanhu vePentagon vari kutarisira. Kutaura idi, rakanga riri gurusa. Vakatotadza kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzeWMD dzanga dziri pasi pekutariswa neUN, zvekuti dzakapambwa zvakarongeka, dzichipa kune mumwe munhu - pamwe jihadis -yepamusoro-chaiyo michina yakakodzera kugadzira makomba uye zvombo zvenyukireya, zvine ngozi bio-toxin, nezvimwe. yainge yapihwa shamwari yavo Saddam neUS, UK nevamwe. Ntani dzacho dzinenge dzisingatsananguriki.
Chimwe chinhu chisingatarisirwi, kunyangwe chave kutanga kubuda, huwori hukuru huri pasi peCPA, kunze kweiyo chero chinhu chinonzi chakaitwa neUN hachina kukosha. Ruzivo rwakawanda rwave kuwanikwa zviri nyore, asi zvirevo chete ndizvo zvakashumwa pano.
Mumwe anogona kuenderera mberi. Asi chinhu chikuru uye chinokosha chakafuratirwa kutongwa kweNuremberg, ichizivisa kuti chisimba โimhosva huru yepasi pose inongosiyana nedzimwe mhosva dzehondo mukuti ihwo hune huipi hwakaunganidzwa hwakazara.โ Zvose "zvakaipa zvakaunganidzirwa". Zvimwewo zvisingatarisirwi mashoko akasimba eMutongi Mukuru weUnited States Justice Jackson anoti: โKana mamwe mabasa okutyora zvibvumirano ari mhosva, imhosva ingave yaitwa neUnited States kana kuti Germany, uye hatina kugadzirira kudzika mutemo. yekuparwa kwemhosva kune vamwe yatisingadi kuti tiitirweโฆ Hatifanire kukanganwa kuti chinyorwa chatinotongera vapomeri ava ndicho chinyorwa chichatitongerwa nenhoroondo mangwana. Kupa vapomeri ava mukombe une chepfu ndiko kuzviisa pamiromo yedu zvakare. " Kutozosvikira izvi zvazivikanwa, dzimwe kurukurirano dzose dzinongovawo zvadzo mashoko omuzasi, uye anonyadzisa.
Herman: Hunyanzvi hweUS kuparadzwa, kwete kuvaka patsva, zvinoenderana nekupa kwevakuru vemauto ekuUS, uye kushandiswa kwesimba mukubata nenyika dzakanangwa. Isu tinovaponesa nekuvaparadza, uye tozoenda kune inotevera yekusika chirongwa. Aya ndiwo mashandiro azvinoita kunyangwe isu tikabudirira kuunza musimba hutongi hwevatengi hunoyemurika, seNicaragua mushure mekudzingwa kwemaSandinistas kana Afghanistan mushure mekubviswa nekuparadzirwa kweTaliban. Pave nekutaura kwakajeka kwehutungamiriri kuti "kuvaka nyika" harisi bhizinesi redu-isu tinonyanya kuputsa, kwete kuvaka.
MuIraq, kwave nekuvakwa kwakawanda, asi kwete kuvakazve kwakawanda. Izvo zvakavakwa mabhesi makuru emauto eUS uye zvivakwa, kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo dzekuchera mafuta, uye madziro ekudzivirira mukati nekutenderedza Green Zone, inova nhare yakagarwa mukati meBaghdad. Hapana zvakawanda zvakaitwa kuIraqi kubatsirwa. Pane zviviri zvinokurudzira zvekuvaka patsva muIraq: imwe ndeyekushandira makambani eUS, zviri pachena kuti makambani anopa rubatsiro akaita seHalliburton neBechtel, vanoda bhizinesi iri, kunyanya pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu apo kupamba kuri nyore kana tichipihwa mamiriro akaomarara uye kuvhiringidzika kwemari. Kune zvakare kurudziro yekuvakazve kuitira kubatsira kutengesa hurumende yevatengi kuvanhu veIraqi. Kurudziro yekutanga yave ichishanda, nemakambani anopa mari achiwana bhizinesi rakawanda nemari yakawandisa, asi mazhinji ebasa ravo anga ari mubhesi, indasitiri yemafuta, uye kuvaka kweGreen Zone, kwete kuvaka patsva kunobatsira maIraq. Kurudziro yechipiri inogona kunge iine simba kunze kwekunetseka kwakanyanya kwekushanda munzvimbo isina kuchengetedzeka yeIraq inogarwa, pamwe nenyaya yekuti Bush inokoshesa uye mutengo wakakwira usingatarisirwi webasa waita kuti iyi nzira yekubatsira kuhurumende yevatengi idhure. ; saka kubatsira hurumende yevatengi kwakaderedzwa kusvika kuUS hunyanzvi-kugadzirisa nechisimba.
2. PaHondo Yevanhu muIraq
DiMaggio: Nharo yakajairika yakaitwa kupokana nekuderera uye kubviswa ndeyekuti Iraq inowira muhondo yevagari. Nharo iyi inofanira kutorwa zvakakomba neruzhinji rweAmerica here? Vazhinji vakapokana kuti US iri kutosimudzira hondo yevagari vemo muIraq nekudzidzisa mauto eIraqi ekuchengetedza kurwisa mamwe maIraqi (kupokana). Pamusoro pazvo, vamwe vakaratidza kuti kugara kweUS hakutombo shandure mafambiro emakakatanwa akarebesa netsika pakati pemapoka akasiyana eIraq (Shia, Kurds, Sunni); kutaura zvazviri zvinogona kuita kuti vawedzere nekuwedzera hukama pakati pevapanduki veSunni / kuramba uye maShia nemaKurds. Pane here pamutemo kupokana kuti US inofanira kudzivirira hondo yevagari vemo?
Chomsky: Vanoshungurudza havana kodzero, mutoro chete. Imwe ndeyekupa mareparations makuru (kwete rubatsiro). Imwe ndeyekubuda ipapo, kunze kwekunge paine humbowo hwakasimba hwekuti vanhu vanoda kuti vagare. Kutaura kuti humbowo hwakadaro hunoshaikwa inhema huru. Ongororo ichangoburwa (Nyamavhuvhu 2005), yakaitwa neBritish Ministry of Defense uye yakadonhedzwa kune yekurudyi-bapiro yeBritish press, inoratidza kuti pamusoro pe80% yevanhu vanoda kuti US-UK mauto abude, kuti 1% vanofunga kuti vanowedzera kuchengeteka, uye kuti 45% inobvumidza kurwiswa kwemauto eUS-UK. Kana izvi zvichireva kuti maIraqi ese, sezvakataurwa, zvinofanirwa kunge zviri izvo kupikiswa nevagari kwakakwira zvakanyanya muArab Iraq, uko kwavanoiswa uye kubatikana. Izvi hazvishamise zvakanyanya maererano neruzivo rwekutanga
iyo yakasunungurwa.
Herman: Hondo yeBush yakatotanga hondo yevagari vemo sechikamu chehurongwa hwekuita basa. Hunhu hwebasa, nekushandisa kwayo humhondi hwemoto uye kubatwa nehasha kweruzhinji, zvakaramba zvichiwedzera uye nekusimbisa kuramba. Sezvo vatadza kuwana chidhori chakaiswa zvakanaka pasina kana mafomu ehutongi hwejekerere, vatungamiriri vehondo yeBush vakasarudza mubatanidzwa wakanyarara nemaShiites nemaKurds, vaizopihwa zita uye pamwe modicum yesimba chairo kuburikidza nesarudzo, asi nezvakawanda zve hurongwa hwepamutemo uye hwesimba hwebasa hwakasara hwakasimba uye neUnited States ichiramba ichichengetedza vatongi vatsva kubva kumhirizhonga yeSunni. Izvi zvakatsamwisa uye zvakamisa hondo yevagari vemo, nebasa rakachengetwa seruoko rwemauto rwedivi rimwe. Nokudaro pfungwa yokuti United States inofanira kuramba ichidzivirira hondo yevagari vemo ndeyekuseka-yakagadzira kupikisa ndokubva yaenderera mberi kune hukama husina maturo nemaShiites nemaKurds kurwisana neSunnis panzvimbo yemapoka maviri ekupedzisira apo vachiedza kurwisa. dzidzisa nemaoko ava kuti vagone kunyaradza maSunni vari voga, kureva muhondo yevagari vemo nerubatsiro rwakananga rwemauto ekunze uye kutora chikamu.
3. PaUS Kubviswa
DiMaggio: Vazhinji vekuAmerica vanoita kunge vari kufunga nezvekusiya mukati megore rinotevera kana zvakadaro. Iwe unofunga kuti pane basa rakakura here rinofanira kuitwa neUN kana Arab League mukuona kuti simba-vacuum haritsivi kutorwa kweAmerica, kana US ikafunga kusiya? Mune mamwe mazwi, aya masangano maviri anodiwa mukusimudzira chengetedzo muIraq? Kubva pane zvakaburitswa nevhoti, vanhu veIraq vanoita sevanoda kuti mauto eIraqi ekuchengetedza atore kudzikamisa nekuita mapurisa munyika, kwete US kana rimwe simba. Izvi ndezvechokwadi zvachose here? Kuunza mauto eArab League kwete kungoisa Iraq kune kunze kwekumanikidzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kubva kuhurumende dzakavakidzana? Uye UN ine kuvimbika kupi nokupi here ikoko pashure peanenge makore 15 ezvirango zvokuponda?
Chomsky: Mune propaganda yekuMadokero, zvirango zvemhondi zvinodaidzwa kuti "UN masanctions," iri hunyanzvi, asi kunzvenga humbwende. Zvagara zviri pachena kuti dzakatangwa uye dzakaitwa pasi pechirongwa cheUS, ne "mutakuri wepfumo wePax Americana" - sekutsanangurwa kwaBlair's Britain mugwaro rinotungamira reBritain renhau dzepasi rose - richitevera zvine ruremekedzo kumashure. Uye hutsinye uye hutsinye hunhu hwezvirango (pamwe nekutakura mafuta zvisiri pamutemo) zvinoteedzera kudzokera kuWashington, zvakanyanya. Pakazosvika Kubvumbi 2003, ruzhinji rwevanhu vekuAmerica vakafunga kuti UN, kwete iyo US, inofanirwa kutora mutoro weIraq - ingangoita chinzvimbo chakabvumidzwa nevavhoti veSpain gore rakatevera, asi muUS, democracy yadzikira zvekuti pfungwa dzeveruzhinji dzave. pesvedzero shoma papolicy, pazvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana. Hurukuro, chero chiitiko, haina maturo. Izvo ndezvekuIraqi kuita sarudzo idzi. Vapambi vanogona kunge vaine chero vasina ruzivo rwekutonga kwevanoda, asi ivo vanongofarira zvishoma, zvisinei kuti vapambi ndivanaani.
Herman: Nekubuda kweUS paizova nekurudziro yakasimba yekuti mapoka matatu epasi rose auye kune imwe mhando yepekugara, pasina rubatsiro rwekunze. Kubviswa kweUS kwaizocheka chikamu chikuru chechikonzero chekumukira, saka pekugara zvaizogoneka. Iko vimbiso chaiyo uye yepedyo-nguva yekubuda panguva yeUS inogona kukurudzira kuedza kwakakomba kwechivanhu kuunza kuyananiswa uye kupedza kurwa kunodhura mativi ese, asi kunyanya kumaSunni nemaShiite.
Dzimwe nyika dzeArab dzakaita basa rekuyananisa rinobatsira muRebhanoni mumakore apfuura, saka kushandiswa kwavo mubasa iri hakusi kunze kwemubvunzo. Iyo UN yakashoreka zvakanyanya uye pamwe haina basa rakakosha rekuita pano. Asi mukana wekugara kwechivanhu chete pasina murwi-mugari kubva kunze kwenyika hakufanirwe kudzikiswa. United States yakapwanya nyika uye ichiri kuramba ichikanganisa mumabasa ayo ekugadzirisa, kuitira kuti kupedzisa mashandiro ayo pave nekuwedzera kukuru. Hazvigoneki kuti mamiriro acho angave akaipa kana kuipa neUnited States ne "mubatanidzwa wevapfumbati" kunze kweIraq, uye pane mukana wakanaka wekuti zvingave zviri nani. VaIraqi zvechokwadi vanofanirwa kupihwa mukana iwoyo werusununguko kubva mukurwiswa-kugara zvichitevera makore avo mazhinji ekusasununguka pasi paSaddam Hussein.
United States haifanirwe kungobuda nekukurumidza, inofanirwa kumanikidzwa kana kunyadziswa kubhadhara mari hombe kuIraq yakasununguka kutsiva kukuvadzwa kukuru kwakakonzerwa nekutumwa kwayo kwe "mhosva huru" uye kuuraya.
Anthony DiMaggio anodzidzisa Middle East Politics uye Hurumende yeAmerica kuIllinois State University. Ndiye Mupepeti Mukuru weThe Indy, bepanhau rakazvimirira rakabva kuIllinois.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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