Hupenyu muUnited States - nyika yakapfuma kwazvo munhoroondo yepasirese - haifanirwe kunge yakadai. Hondo dzisingaperi munyika ino, kufa kwevanhu vasina tariro, kukwira kwehuwandu hwevanhu vanofa uye mhirizhonga isingadzoreki yepfuti hazvina kubuda pachena. Muchikamu chechipiri ichi kubva pane zvakasarudzika zvenhaurirano zvakaburitswa Alternative Radio, nyanzvi yeruzhinji Noam Chomsky anokurukura midzi yetsika dzepfuti, mauto, kusamira zvakanaka kwehupfumi uye kusaenzana kuri kukura muUS Verenga chikamu chekutanga chebvunzurudzo iyi pano: โNoam Chomsky: VaTrump Vari Kuedza Kushandisa Kusawirirana neIran muna 2020."
David Barsamian: Unomboita hukama pakati pemhirizhonga yekunze yenyika yeUS uye zviri kuitika mukati nekupfura kwese uye kuuraya kwevanhu vakawanda?
Noam Chomski: IUS inyika inoshamisa kwazvo. Kubva pakuona kwezvivakwa zvayo, iyo US inowanzoita senge "Nyika Yechitatu"โฆ. Kwete zvemunhu wese, hongu. Kune vanhu vanogona kuti, "Zvakanaka, zvakanaka, ndichaenda nejeti yangu kana chikopokopo." Tyaira uchitenderedza chero guta reAmerica. Vari kuparara. IAmerican Society of Civil Engineers inopa US nguva dzose D, iyo yakaderera chinzvimbo, muzvivakwa.
Iyi inyika yakapfuma kwazvo munhoroondo yenyika. Hune zviwanikwa zvakakura. Iine zvakanakira izvo zvisingaenzaniswi mune zvekurima zviwanikwa, zvicherwa zviwanikwa, nzvimbo yakakura, homogeneous. Unogona kubhururuka makiromita 3,000 XNUMX uye uchifunga kuti uri panzvimbo imwe chete yawakatanga. Hakuna chinhu chakadaro chero kupi zvako munyika. Muchokwadi, kune zvakabudirira, senge yakanaka dhizaini ye-high-tech hupfumi, yakakura-yakavakirwa hurumende asi ichokwadi.
Kune rimwe divi, ndiyo chete nyika munyika dzakabudirira umo kufa kuri kuwedzera. Izvo hazvingozivikanwe munharaunda dzakabudirira. Mumakore akati wandei apfuura, tarisiro yehupenyu yadzikira muUS Pane basa nenyanzvi mbiri dzehupfumi, Anne Nyaya naAngus Deaton, avo vakanyatsoongorora nhamba dzevanhu vanofa. Icho chinotarisa kuti muchikwata chinenge 25 kusvika ku50, vashandi vezera rekushanda kwevachena, vachena vanoshanda, kune kuwedzera kwekufa, izvo zvavanoti "kufa kwekuora mwoyo": kuzviuraya, opioid overdoses, nezvimwewo. Izvi zvinofungidzirwa pamusoro 150,000 vanofa pagore. Hazvisi zvidiki. Chikonzero, chinowanzofungidzirwa, ndiko kuderera kwehupfumi kubva kuReagan. Muchokwadi, iri ndiro boka rakapinda mukushanda kwekutanga 1980s, apo neoliberal zvirongwa zvakatanga kutangwa.
Izvozvo zvakakonzera kuderera kuduku mukukura. Kukura hakusi sezvakwaiva kare. Kune kukura, asi zvakanyanya kukoshesa. Pfuma yava kunyanya kuwanda. Pari zvino, maererano nenhamba dzichangoburwa, 0.1 muzana yevanhu vane 20 muzana yeupfumi hwenyika; yepamusoro 1 muzana inobata zvinosvika makumi mana kubva muzana. Hafu yehuwandu ine mambure akashata, zvichireva kuti zvikwereti zvinodarika midziyo. Pakave nekumira kwakanyanya kwevashandi mukati menguva yese yeneoliberal. Ndiro boka ratiri kutaura nezvaro. Nenzira yomuzvarirwo, ikoku kunotungamirira kukutsamwa, kutsamwa, kupererwa nezano rose. Zvinhu zvakafanana zviri kuitika muEurope pasi pezvirongwa zveusterity. Ndiwo mabviro ezvinodanwa zvisirizvo kuti โpopulismโ. Asi muUS, zvinoshamisa. Chiitiko che "rufu rwekupererwa" chinoita senge chimiro cheUS, chisingaenderane mune dzimwe nyika.
Rangarira, hapana nyika pasirese ine chero seyakanakira yeUS muhupfumi, simba uye zviwanikwa. Itsananguro inokatyamadza. Unorava nguva dzose kuti mwero wourovha wasvika pamwero unoshamisa, zvishoma ne3 muzana vasingashandi. Asi izvozvo zvinorasisa. Paunoshandisa nhamba dzeDhipatimendi reVashandi, zvinoonekwa kuti huwandu hwekushaikwa hunopfuura 7%. Kana iwe uchifunga nezve nhamba huru yevanhu vachangosiya basa, kutora chikamu kwevashandi kuri pasi pezvazvaive makore makumi maviri nemakumi matatu apfuura. Pane zvidzidzo zvakanaka zveizvi nenyanzvi dzezvehupfumi. Iwe une angangoita 20 muzana yehuwandu hwekushaikwa kwemabasa uye kumira kwemubairo chaiwo, uyo asina kumbofamba. Kubva mugore ra30, pave paine kudzikira kwakadzikama muupfumi hwepakati hwemhuri chete. Sezvandambotaura, kune inenge hafu yevanhu, ikozvino haina kunaka.
Panyaya yepfuti, US iri kunze. Tine 4 muzana yevagari vepasi vane 40 muzana yepfuti dzepasi.
Pane nhoroondo inofadza kune izvozvo, yakanyatsodzidza. Pane bhuku richangoburwa naPamela Haag rakadanwa Kupfurwa kweAmerica: Bhizinesi uye Kugadzirwa kweAmerican Gun Tsika. Kuongorora kunonakidza. Zvaanoratidza ndezvekuti mushure meHondo Yenyika, vagadziri vepfuti vanga vasina musika wakawanda. Musika wehurumende yeUS wakaramba, hongu, uye hurumende dzekunze dzaive dzisiri dzemusika. Panguva iyoyo yakanga iri nzanga yokurima, mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19. Varimi vaiva nepfuti, asi dzakanga dzakaita semidziyo, hapana chaikosha. Waive nepfuti yakanaka yechinyakare. Zvakakwana kudzinga mapere. Vaisada pfuti dzemhando yepamusoro dzaigadzirwa nevagadziri vepfuti.
Saka, zvakaitika ndezvekuti, yekutanga huru, kushambadzira kukuru yaive mhando yemuenzaniso kune vamwe gare gare. Mushandirapamwe mukuru wakaitwa kuyedza kugadzira tsika yepfuti. Vakagadzira Wild West, iyo isina kumbovapo, ine sheriff akashinga achidhonza pfuti nekukurumidza kupfuura chero ani zvake uye zvese izvi zvisina maturo zvaunowana mumafirimu emombe. Zvese zvakagadziriswa. Hapana kana chimwe chazvo chakamboitika. Vakomana vemombe vaiva vanhu vakaoma munzanga, vanhu vaisagona kuwana basa kumwe kunhu. Makavapinza basa kuti vasundire mombe. Asi mufananidzo uyu weWild West nemagamba makuru akagadzirwa. Pamwe chete nazvo kwakauya ads, achitaura chimwe chinhu chakadai, 'Kana mwanakomana wako asina pfuti yeWinchester, haasi murume chaiye, Kana mwanasikana wako asina pfuti yepingi, haazombofa akafara.'
Yakanga iri kubudirira kukuru. Ndinofunga waive muenzaniso wepashure, apo makambani efodya akagadzira "murume weMarlboro" nerudzi rwese urwu rwebhizinesi. Uku kwaive kupera kwe19th, kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, nguva iyo indasitiri huru yehukama neveruzhinji yakanga yava kutanga kusimukira. Yakakurukurwa zvine hungwaru naThorstein Veblen, mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika economist, uyo akataura kuti muchikamu ichocho chehupfumi hwecapitalist, zvaive zvakafanira kugadzira zvinodiwa, zvikasadaro haugone kuchengetedza hupfumi hwaizounza purofiti yakakura. Propaganda yepfuti ndiyo yaive mavambo acho.
Izvo zvinoenderera mberi, zvichisimudzira kusvika panguva ichangoburwa kubva 2008, Dare Repamusorosoro Mubatsiri chisarudzo. Zvavakadaidza kuti Second Amendment rights zvangove magwaro matsvene. Ndidzo [dzinotariswa nevamwe] kodzero dzakanyanya kukosha dziripo, kodzero yedu inoera yekuva nepfuti, yakagadzwa neDare Repamusorosoro, ichipidigura zana rezvakaitika.
Tarisa paChipiri Amendment. Inoti, "Mauto akadzorwa zvakanaka, zvichidikanwa kune kuchengetedzwa kweNyika yakasununguka, kodzero yevanhu yekuchengeta nekutakura Zvombo haizotyorwe." Kusvika muna 2008, izvo zvakadudzirwa zvakanyanya semaverengero azvinoita, kuti pfungwa yekuve nepfuti yaive yekuchengeta mauto. Scalia, muchisarudzo chake muna 2008, akadzora izvozvo. Aive nyanzvi yakanaka chose. Anofanira kunge ari wepakutanga. Aizoteerera zvinangwa zvevakavamba. Kana iwe ukaverenga sarudzo, inonakidza. Kune marudzi ese emareferensi ekuvharidzira zvinyorwa zvezana ramakore rechi 17. Zvinoshamisa ndezvokuti, haambotauri kamwe chete zvikonzero zvakaita kuti vavambi vaida kuti vanhu vave nepfuti, izvo zvisina kujeka.
Chimwe chikonzero chaiva chokuti maBritish akanga achiuya. MaBritish ndivo vaive muvengi mukuru ipapo. Ndivo vaiva nyika ine simba zvikuru munyika yose. IUS yakanga isina mauto akamira. Kana maBritish aizouya zvakare, izvo chaizvo zvavakaita, munofanira kuva nemauto ekuvarwisa, saka tinofanira kuva nemauto anodzorwa zvakanaka.
Chikonzero chechipiri chaive chekuti, yaive nzanga yevaranda. Iyi yaive nguva yaive nekumukira kwevaranda kwaiitika muCaribbean yese. Huranda hwakanga huchikura zvakanyanya mushure mehondo yechimurenga. Pakanga pane kunetseka kukuru. Varanda vechitema vaiwanzopfuura vachena. Waitofanira kuva nemauto ane zvombo kuti arambe ari pasi pesimba.
Paiva nechimwezve chikonzero. IUS ingangove imwe yenyika dzisingawanzo munhoroondo dzanga dziri muhondo gore rega rega kubva pakuvambwa kwayo. Iwe haugone kuwana gore rimwe chete apo US yakanga isiri kuhondo.
Paunotarisa kumashure kuAmerican Revolution, nyaya yebhuku "mutero usina chinomiririra," izvo zvisiri zvenhema, asi kure nenyaya yese. Zvinhu zviviri zvakakura mushanduko iyi ndezvekuti maBritish airambidza kuwedzera kwekugara kunze kweMakomo eAppalachian kune yainzi "nyika yeIndia." MaBritish vaivharisa izvozvo. Vagari ava vaida kuwedzera kuMadokero. Kwete vanhu vaida ivhu chete, asiwo vafungidziri vevhu, saGeorge Washington, vaida kuenda kunzvimbo dzekuMadokero. โKumadokeroโ kwaireva pamusoro pemakomo chaimo. MaBritish aivharisa izvozvo. Pakupera kwehondo, vagari vemo vaigona kuwedzera.
Chimwe chacho chaiva uranda. Muna 1772, pakanga pane kutonga kwakakosha uye kwakakurumbira nemukuru weBritish jurist, Lord Mansfield, kuti uranda "hunosemesa," izwi rake, zvekuti haugone kushivirirwa mukati meBritain. Inogona kuregererwa mumakoloni, seJamaica, asi kwete mukati meBritain. Makoloni eUS aive chikamu cheBritain. Yaiva nzanga yevaranda. Vaiona zvakanyorwa pamadziro. Kana iyo US ikaramba iri mukati meBritish system, ichava kutyisidzira chaiko kuuranda. Izvozvo zvakapedzwa nechimurenga.
Asi zvaireva kuti, kudzokera kupfuti, waitoda kuti dzirambe dziri kure nemaBritish, waida kuti dzidzore nhapwa, dzaida kuti dziuraye maIndia. Kana iwe uchizorwisa nyika dzeIndia - dzaive nyika, hongu - iwe ucharwisa nyika zhinji dzekuMadokero kwenyika, iwe uchafanirwa kunge uine pfuti nemauto. Pakupedzisira, yakatsiviwa gare gare neuto rakamira.
Asi tarisa zvikonzero zvawaifanira kuva nepfuti kune vavambi. Hapana kana chimwe chazvo chinoshanda muzana remakore rechi21. Izvi zvinoshaikwa zvachose kwete chete kubva kusarudzo yaScalia, asi kunyangwe kubva kumakakava emutemo pamusoro peizvi. Pane zvinyorwa zvepamutemo zvinokakavadzana nezve Mubatsiri sarudzo, asi zvinenge zvese zviri pamusoro pemubvunzo wehunyanzvi wekuti Second Amendment ikodzero yemauto kana kodzero yemunhu. Mazwi echigadziriso ane zvishoma zvisinganzwisisike, saka unogona kukakavara nezvazvo, asi zviri padivi peiyo pfungwa. Yechipiri Amendment haina basa zvachose nenyika yanhasi; hazvina chekuita nazvo. Asi rakava rugwaro rutsvene.
Saka, une iyi yakakura propaganda campaign. Ndichiri mudiki, zvakandirwadza. Wyatt Earp, pfuti, โkuuraya maIndia,โ zvese izvo. Hwakapararira pasi rose. MuFrance, vanoda mafirimu emombe. Mufananidzo wakanyatsogadzirwa weMadokero, asi wakabudirira zvikuru mukugadzira tsika yepfuti. Iko zvino yakacheneswa neReactionary Supreme Court. Saka, hongu, munhu wese anofanira kuva nepfutiโฆ.
Taura nezve Yekutanga Amendment uye kusununguka kwevatori venhau uye kutapa nhau, kutengeserana kwave kurwiswa kubva kune anozviti "akagadzikana zvakanyanya" muWhite House se "muvengi wevanhu." Taura nezvazvo uye zvakare nezve nyaya yeAssange.
Yekutanga Amendment mupiro mukuru weAmerican democracy. First Amendment haivimbisi kodzero yekusununguka kutaura. Zvarinotaura ndezvekuti nyika haigone kutora matanho ekutanga kudzivirira kutaura. Haitauri kuti haigoni kuiranga. Saka pasi peFirst Amendment, chaizvoizvo, unogona kurangwa nokuda kwezvinhu zvaunotaura. Hazvivharise izvozvo. Yaive zvakadaro nhanho yekumberi munharaunda yenguva iyo US munzira dzakawanda yakapfuura. Nekukanganisa kwayo kose, Kumukira kweAmerica kwaive kufambira mberi mune zvakawanda nemaitiro enguva iyoyo, kunyangwe mutsara wekuti "Isu vanhu." Kuisa parutivi zvikanganiso mukuita, iyo pfungwa chaiyo yaive budiriro. First Amendment yakanga iri nhano mberi.
Zvakadaro, hazvina kutombosvika muzana ramakore rechi20 apo nyaya dzeFirst Amendment dzakanyatsouya pachirongwa, pekutanga nemaonero aipokana aOliver Wendell Holmes, naLouis Brandeis muzviitiko zvakatenderedza Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga, zvishoma gare gare. Zvakakodzera kutarisa kuti kupesana uku kwaive kwakamanikana sei. Yekutanga huru, mu Schenck nyaya muna 1917, yaive nyaya yemumwe munhu akaburitsa kabhuku kaitsanangura hondo sehondo yeimperiya uye achiti haufanirwe kushanda mairi. Tsigiro yekusununguka kutaura pasi peFirst Amendment yaive yakamanikana, sekupokana kwaHolmes uye ipapo kutsigira kwechirango kwakaratidza. Mhosva iyi yaive yekunyomba kwakazara, asi kunyangwe Holmes akaenda naye.
Kutaura idi, nhano chaidzo dzokutanga dziviriro yakasimba yorusununguko rwokutaura dzakanga dziri chaizvoizvo muma1960. Nyaya huru yaiva Nguva v. Sullivan. Iyo State of Alabama yakanga yataura izvo zvinonzi sovereign immunity, kuti haugone kurwisa nyika nemashoko. Ndiwo mutemo unobata munyika zhinji โ Britain, Canada, nedzimwe. Paive nechiziviso chakaburitswa nesangano rinorwira kodzero dzevanhu, icho chaishoropodza mapurisa eMontgomery, Alabama, nemabasa erusaruraganda, uye vakanga vamhanโarira kuti vadzivise. Yakaenda kuDare Repamusorosoro. Shambadziro yanga iri mu [The New York Times]. Ndosaka zvichinzi Nguva v. Sullivan. Dare Repamusorosoro kekutanga, zvakanyanya, rakarasa dzidziso yekuzvidzivirira. Yakati unogona kurwisa nyika nemashoko. Zvechokwadi, zvakanga zvaitwa, asi zvino zvakava pamutemo.
Paive nesarudzo yakasimba makore mashoma gare gare, Brandenburg v. Ohio, muna 1969, apo Dare rakapa mutongo wokuti kutaura kunofanira kuva kwakasununguka kubatanidzwa mukupara mhaka kwaizoda kuitika. Saka, semuenzaniso, kana iwe neni tikapinda muchitoro nechinangwa chekuchibira, uye iwe uine pfuti uye ini ndikati, โPfura,โ hazvina basa. Asi ndiyo dzidziso yacho. Ndiyo dziviriro yakasimba kwazvo yerusununguko rwekutaura. Hapana chakafanana nacho chero kupi zvako, sekuziva kwangu.
Mukuita, iyo US haina rekodhi rekodhi, asi imwe yezvakanakisa (zvichida kunyangwe yakanakisa rekodhi) mukudzivirira rusununguko rwekutaura uye rusununguko rwenhau. Izvo chaizvo zviri kurwiswa kana vezvenhau vachishorwa se "muvengi wevanhu" uye iwe unoronga yako yerutsigiro hwaro kurwisa vezvenhau. Iyoyo inotyisa.
Uye Julian Assange?
Kutyisidzira chaiko kuna Assange kubva pakutanga, chikonzero chaakapotera mumiriri weEcuadorian, yaive kutyisidzira kwekudzoserwa kuUS, iko zvino kwaitwa. Akatopomerwa mhosva yekutyora mutemo weEspionage Act; zvichireva kuti anogona kutowana mutongo werufu kubva pazviri. Mhosva yaAssange yave yekufumura magwaro epachivande anonyadzisa zvikuru simba rehurumende. Chimwe chikuru kwaive kuburitswa kwevhidhiyo yevatyairi vezvikopokopo vekuAmerica nezvekunakidzwa kwavaiita nekuuraya vanhu.
MuBaghdad.
Ehe. Asi ipapo pakanga pane mamwe akawanda, mamwe acho ainakidza chaizvo. Vepepanhau vakazvitaura. Saka, ari kuita basa revatapi venhau rekuzivisa veruzhinji nezvezvinhu izvo masimba ehurumende angangochengeta zvakavanzika.
Zvinoita kunge ndizvo zvinofanirwa kunge zvichiitwa nemutori wenhau akanaka.
Uye izvo zvakanaka vatori venhau vanoita. Senge apo [Seymour] Hersh akafumura nyaya yekuurayiwa kweMy Lai, uye Woodward naBernstein pavakafumura mhosva dzaNixon, zvakaonekwa sezvakanaka kwazvo. The Times zvakaburitswa kubva kuPentagon Papers. Saka, chaizvoizvo ari kuita izvozvo. Unogona kubvunza mutongo wake - dai akaita izvi panguva ino, dai akaita chimwe chinhu; kutsoropodza kwakawanda kwaunogona kuita - asi nyaya yekutanga ndeyekuti WikiLeaks yakanga ichigadzira zvinhu izvo simba rehurumende raida kudzvinyirirwa asi izvo veruzhinji vanofanira kuziva.
Ichi chinyorwa chakareruka chebvunzurudzo yaive inoburitswa paAlternative Radio.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta
1 komenda
Hurukuro yakakosha. Thanks Mr Barsamian. , Muzvinafundo Chomsky. uye ZNET.
VaPhillips
Kanadha
Retired Autoworker