Having akaunza Iran [muChikamu I], isu tinogona zvakare kutendeukira muchidimbu kunhengo yechitatu yeakakurumbira Axis of Evil, North Korea. Nyaya yepamutemo parizvino ndeyekuti mushure mekumanikidzwa kubvuma chibvumirano chekuputsa zvivakwa zvayo zvezvombo zvenyukireya, North Korea iri kuyedza zvakare kunzvenga zvisungo zvayo nenzira yayakajairira - "nhau dzakanaka" kune ma superhawks saJohn Bolton, avo vakabata. nguva yese iyo maNorth Koreans anonzwisisa chete chibhakera chakatumirwa uye achashandisa nhaurirano chete kutinyengedza. A New York TimesMusoro wenyaya unoti: โUS Inoona Kumira neNorth Korea paNuclear Pactโ (Ndira 19). Chinyorwa chaHelene Cooper chinodonongodza mhosva. Mundima yekupedzisira tinoona kuti US haisati yazadzisa mhiko dzayo. North Korea yakagamuchira chete 15 muzana yemafuta akavimbiswa neUS nevamwe uye US haina kutora matanho ekuvandudza hukama hwekudyidzana, sekuvimbiswa. Masvondo akati wandei gare gare (Kukadzi 6), mupepanhau reMcClatchey Kevin Hall akataura kuti mukuru weUS munhaurirano neNorth Korea, Christopher Hill, akasimbisa muSeneti Hearings kuti "North Korea yakadzora kuparara kweiyo nuclear reactor yayo nekuti haina kugamuchira huwandu hwemafuta ehufuta hwayakavimbiswa."
Sezvatinodzidza kubva kumabhuku ehunyanzvi, uye parutivi pano neapo, iyi ndiyo nzira inowirirana. North Korea inogona kunge iine hurumende yakaipisisa pasi rose, asi vanga vachitevera pragmatic tit-for-tat mutemo wenhaurirano neUnited States. Kana US ikatora chimiro chehasha uye chekutyisidzira, vanoita zvinoenderana. Kana iyo US inofamba ichienda kune imwe nzira yekugara, ivo vanoitawo.
VaBush pavakapinda pachigaro, North Korea neUS dzaive dzakasungwa neChibvumirano cheFramework Agreement cha1994. Zvimwe zvacho zvakanga zvisingaenderane zvizere nezvisungo zvayo, asi chibvumirano chacho chainyanya kucherechedzwa. North Korea yakanga yamira kuyedza zvombo zvenguva refu. Yakanga iine bhomba rimwe kusvika kumaviri akakosha eplutonium uye yaive isingaite yakawanda. Mushure memakore manomwe eBush ekunetsana, North Korea yaive nemasere kusvika gumi mabhomba uye zvombo zvenguva refu, uye akanga achigadzira plutonium. The Clinton manejimendi Korea nyanzvi, Bruce Cumings, inoshuma iyo Administration "akanga arongawo hurongwa hwokutenga, zvisina kunanga, Maodzanyemba's pfuti dzepakati nepakati-refu; yakanga yakagadzirira kusainwa muna 2000 asi Bush akairega ichiwira parutivi rwenzira uye nhasi North inochengetedza hunyanzvi hwayo hwese hwekupotsera."
Zvikonzero zvekubudirira kwaBush zvinonzwisisika. Iyo Axis yekutaura Kwakaipa, kurova kwakakomba kune Iranian demokrasi uye vanochinja sezvavakasimbisa, zvakare vakaisa. Mawodzanyemba Koriya pakuzivisa kuti US yakanga yava kudzokera kuchimiro chayo chokutyisidzira. Washington yakaburitsa mishumo yehungwaru nezvezvirongwa zvechivande zveNorth Korea; izvi zvakabvumwa kuti hazvina chokwadi kana kuti hazvina musoro apo nhaurirano dzichangoburwa dzakatanga muna 2007, pamwe, vatauri vaifungidzira, nekuti zvaityirwa kuti vaongorori vezvombo vangangopinda. Mawodzanyemba Koriya uye Iraki nyaya yaizodzokororwa. Mawodzanyemba Koriya akadaira nekubatanidza zvombo uye kugadzira zvombo.
MunaSeptember 2005, pasi pekumanikidzwa kwenyika dzakawanda, Washington vakabvumirana kutendeukira kunhaurirano mukati meiyo nhanhatu-simba chimiro. Vakabudirira zvikuru. Mawodzanyemba Koriya vakabvuma kusiya"zvombo zvenyukireya zvose uye zvirongwa zvezvombo zviripo" uye bvumidza kuongororwa kwepasirese, mukudzoka kwerubatsiro rwepasirese uye chitsidzo chisiri chechisimba kubva ku US, nechibvumirano chaizoitwa nemativi maviri "kuremekedzana'huchangamire, kuvapo murunyararo pamwe chete uye kutora matanho ekugadzirisa hukama."Ingi haina kuoma pachibvumirano apo hutungamiriri hwaBush hwakavandudza kutyisidzira kwechisimba, uye kuomesa mari yeNorth Korea mumabhanga ekunze uye kubvisa mubatanidzwa waizopa. Mawodzanyemba Koriya ine chiedza-mvura reactor consortium. Cumings anoti "tzvirango zvakarongedzerwa kuparadza mhiko dzaGunyana [uye] kutungamira nzvimbo yekugara pakati Washington uye Pyongyang. "
pashure Washington yakakanganisa zvibvumirano zvaSeptember 2005, Mawodzanyemba Koriya akadzokera kuzvombo uye kugadzira zvombo uye akaita bvunzo yezvombo zvenyukireya. Zvakare pasi pekudzvinyirirwa nedzimwe nyika, nemutemo wayo wekune dzimwe nyika waparara, Washington yakadzokera kunhaurirano, zvichitungamira kuchibvumirano, kunyangwe iko zvino yave kukweva makumbo pakuzadzisa zvisungo zvayo.
Kunyora The diplomatic world Gumiguru apfuura, Cumings akagumisa kuti, "Bush akanga atungamira maasinine akawanda Korea mutemo munhoroondo.Makore apfuura aya, hukama pakati Washington uye Seoul dzakashata zvikuru. Nekutumwa uye kusiiwa, Bush akatsika tsika dzenhoroondo US hukama ne Seoul apo uchigadzira mamiriro ane ngozi ne Pyongyang."
Mhosva dzakapokana neNorth Korea dzakawedzera munaGunyana 2007, apo Israel yakabhomba nzvimbo isina kujeka kuchamhembe kweSyria, "chiito chehondo," sekuzivikanwa mutori wenhau weAmerica (Seymour Hersh). Mhosva dzakabva dzaonekwa kuti Israeri yakarwisa kuiswa kwenyukireya kuri kugadzirwa nerubatsiro rweNorth Korea, kurwiswa kwakaenzaniswa nekuputika kweIsrael kweOsirak reactor muIraq muna 1981-iyo, maererano nehumbowo huripo, yakagonesa Saddam Hussein kuti atange chirongwa chake chezvombo zvenyukireya. . Mhosva dzaSeptember 2007 hadzina chokwadi. Hersh's tentative mhedziso mushure mekuferefeta kwakadzama ndeyekuti zviito zveIsrael zvinogona kunge zvakaitirwa seimwe kutyisidzira pamusoro peIran - iyo US-Israel ine iwe mune yavo mabhomba. Zvisinei, izvi zvingave zvakadaro, pane imwe nheyo inokosha inofanira kurangarirwa.
Muna 1993 Israel neNorth Korea dzaive padanho rechibvumirano: Israel yaizoziva North Korea, uye nekudzoka, North Korea yaizopedza chero kubatanidzwa kwezvombo muMiddle East. Kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kweIsrael kwakajeka. Clinton akaraira kuti chibvumirano chimiswe, uye Israeri yakanga isina sarudzo kunze kwekuteerera. Kubva payakaita sarudzo yakashata muna 1971 uye makore akatevera kuramba runyararo nekuchengetedzeka nekuda kwekuwedzera, Israel yakamanikidzwa kuvimba neUS kuti idzivirire, nekudaro kuteerera mirairo yeWashington.
Kunyangwe kana pasina chokwadi kune zvazvino kupomerwa pamusoro peNorth Korea neSyria, zvinoita sekunge kutyisidzira kuchengetedzeka kweIsrael uye dunhu kungadai kwakadziviswa nenzira dzerunyararo, dai chengetedzo yaive yakakosha.
Luye isu tidzokere kunhengo yekutanga yeAxis of Evil, Iraq. Tarisiro yeWashington yakatsanangurwa muDeclaration of Principles pakati peUS nehurumende yeIraq inotsigirwa neUS muna Mbudzi wapfuura. Declaration inobvumira mauto eUS kuti arambe aripo nekusingaperi "kudzivisa hutsinye hwekunze" uye nekuchengetedza mukati. Iko chete hutsinye hunoonekwa kubva kuUnited States, asi izvo hazvisi zvechisimba, netsanangudzo. Uye chete vane naรฏve vakanyanya kufadza pfungwa yekuti US yaizotsigira hurumende nechisimba kana ikatamira kune rusununguko, ichienda kure mukusimbisa hukama neIran, semuenzaniso. Chiziviso chakazvipirawo Iraq kuti ifambise uye ikurudzire "kuyerera kwekudyara kwekunze kuIraq, kunyanya mari yekuAmerica."
Kutaura kwakashata kwekuda kwehumambo kwakasimbiswa apo Bush akapa chinyararire chimwe chiziviso chekusaina, achiti acharamba zvisungo zvakakosha zvemutemo wekongiresi izvo zvaakanga achangobva kusaina, kusanganisira mutemo unorambidza kushandisa mari yemutero "kumisa chero kuiswa kwemauto kana hwaro. nechinangwa chekupa kumiswa zvachose kweUnited States Mauto Ehondo muIraq" kana "kushandisa United States kutonga kwemafuta eIraq." Nguva pfupi yapfuura, the New York Times yakanga yataura kuti Washington "inosimbirira kuti hurumende yeBaghdad ipe United States masimba akafara ekuita mauto," kuda "kutarisana neruzha rwekupikisa kubva kuIraq, ne ... More yechitatu nyika kusanzwisisa.
Muchidimbu, Iraq inofanira kubvuma kubvumira kuiswa kwechigarire kwemauto eUS (kunonzi "kutsungirira" muOrwellism inosarudzwa), ipa US kodzero yekuita mauto ehondo yakasununguka, uye kuona kuti US inodzora zviwanikwa zveoiri zveIraq ichipa mukana kune vanoisa mari muUS. Zvinofadza kuti mishumo iyi haina kufurira nhaurirano pamusoro pezvikonzero zvekupinda kweUS muIraq. Izvi zvaisambova pachena, asi kuedza kupi nokupi kuzviperetera kwakarambwa nenhema nokunyomba. Iye zvino zvikonzero zvinobvumwa pachena, zvisingadzoreki kana kufungisisa.
Ivaraqi havasi voga vanotenda kuti kuyananiswa kwenyika kunobvira. Imwe ongororo yakaitwa neCanada yakawana kuti vanhu vekuAfghan vane tariro nezveramangwana uye vanofarira kuvapo kwemauto eCanada nemamwe mauto ekunzeโโmashoko akanaka,โ ndiwo akaita misoro yenhau. Chinyorwa chidiki chinoratidza zvimwe zvikwaniriso. 20% chete "funga kuti maTaliban achakunda kana mauto ekunze aenda.โ Zvitatu-zvina zvinotsigira nhaurirano pakati pehurumende yeKarzai inotsigirwa neUS neTaliban uye vanopfuura hafu vanofarira hurumende yemubatanidzwa. Ruzhinji saka rwunopokana zvakanyanya nechimiro cheUS-Canada uye vanotenda kuti runyararo rwunogoneka nekutendeukira kune nzira dzerunyararo.
Kunyangwe mubvunzo usina kubvunzwa, zvine musoro kufungidzira kuti kuvepo kwekunze kunofarirwa rubatsiro nekuvaka patsva. Humwe humbowo hunotsigira fungidziro iyi hunopiwa nemishumo pamusoro pekufambira mberi kwekuvakazve mukati Afuganisitani makore matanhatu pashure US kupinda. Zvitanhatu kubva muzana zvehuwandu zvino vane magetsi, iyo AP inoshuma, kunyanya mukati Kabul, iyo ine hupfumi hwekuita nekuda kwekuvapo kukuru kwekunze. Ikoko, "vapfumi, vane simba, uye vakabatanaโ vane magetsi, asi mamwe mashoma, mukusiyana nema1980 paitongwa neRussia, apo โguta rakanga rine simba guru"- uye vakadzi muKabul vakanga vakasununguka pasi pekugara uye vachitsigirwa neRussia Najibullah hurumende izvo zvakatevera, zvichida kupfuura zvino, kunyange zvazvo vaifanira kunetseka pamusoro pekurwiswa kubva kuReagan's favourites, saGulbuddin Hekmatyar, uyo akawana kukanda kwake kubva pakukanda asidhi muzviso zvevakadzi vaduku vaaifunga kuti vakanga vakapfeka zvisina kunaka.
Nyaya idzi dzakakurukurwa panguva iyoyo naRasil Basu, chipangamazano mukuru weUN Development Programme kuhurumende yeAfghan yemadzimai.'Kubudirira (1986-88). Anoshumauye"matanho makuru" kuvakadzi vari pasi pebasa reRussia: "kusagona kuverengayakaderera kubva pa98 percent kuenda pa75 percent, uye vakapihwa kodzero dzakaenzana nevarume mumutemo wehurumende, uye muBumbiro reMitemoโฆ.Hukama hwamadzibaba husina kururama hwakanga huchiri kutekeshera munzvimbo yebasa uye mumhuri nevakadzi vari kuita mabasa akaderera.Asi nhanho [dzevakadzi] mudzidzo nemabasa zvaifadza zvikuruโฆ. In Kabul Ndakaona kufambira mberi kukuru muvakadzi's dzidzo nebasa.Madzimai aive muhumbowo mumaindasitiri, mafekitori, mahofisi ehurumende, mumabasa nenhepfenyuro.Nezviverengero zvikuru zvavarume vakaurawa kana kuti vakaremara, vakadzi vakatakura mutoro wezvose zviri zviviri mhuri nenyika.Ndakasangana nomumwe mukadzi aiva nyanzvi mune zvemishonga yehondo iyo yaibata nokukuvadzwa uye kuvhiyiwa kwevakakuvadzwa muhondo.Izvi zvaimiririra simba kwaari.Mumwe mukadzi aiva injiniya wemigwagwa.Migwagwa yaimirira rusunungukoโkupukunyuka muzvivako zvinodzvinyirira zvamadzibaba."
Pakazosvika 1988, zvakadaro, Basu "condichaona zviratidzo zvekutanga zveyambiro" mauto eRussia paakabva uye maIslamist anonyanyisa anofarirwa neReagan manejimendi akatora, achibvisare moderate mujahideen groups. โSaudi Arabia neAmerica zvombo uye zvombo zvakapamafundamentalists chikamu chakakosha pamusoro pevane mwero," kuvapa midziyo yehondo inoshandiswa, "maererano neAmnesty International, kunanga vanhu vasina pfuti, movazhinji vavo vakadzi nevana.โ Zvadaro yakateverazvakanyanya kuipa zvinotyisa se US-Saudi favourites akapidigura hurumende yeNajibullah.Kutambura kwevanhu kwaive kwakanyanya zvekuti maTaliban akagamuchirwa pavakadzinga Reagan'varwi verusununguko. Chimwe chitsauko mukukunda kweReaganite reactionary ultra-nationalism, inonamatwa nhasi neavo vakazvipira kusvibisa zita rinoremekedzwa rekuti "Conservative."
Basu mumiriri ane mukurumbira wevakadzi'kodzero dzekodzero, kusanganisira basa renguva refu neUN panguva yaakagadzira World Plan of Action for Women and the draft Programme for the Women.'s Makumi gumi, 1975-85, kugamuchirwa pa ari Mexico City Conference (1975) uye Copenhagen Conference (1980).Asi mashoko ake haana kugamuchirwa USChirevo chake cha1988 chakaendeswa kune Washington Post, New York Times, uye Ms. magazini.Asi zvakarambwa.Vakarambwawo ndiBasu's kurudziro yematanho anoshanda ayo Madokero, kunyanya iyo US, inogona kutora kudzivirira vakadzi's kodzero.
Zvakakwirira zvinoenderana neizvi ndidzo dzakakosha ongororo kubudikidza Nicolas Lanine, aimbova musoja muuto reRussia Afuganisitani, zvichibudisa kuenzanisa kunoshamisa pakati pekutaura kweRussia panguva yekugara uye iyo ye vatsigiri vavo veNATO nhasi.
Izvi nezvimwe zvinotariswa zvinoratidza kuti maAfghans angagamuchira mutorwa kuvapo kwakazvipira kubatsira nekuvaka patsva, sezvatinogona kuverenga pakati pemitsetse yesarudzo.
Kune, hongu, mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro pesarudzo munyika dziri pasi pemauto ekunze, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakaita sekumaodzanyemba. Afuganisitani. Asi ma results e Iraki uye zvidzidzo zveAfghan zvinoenderana nepakutanga uye hazvifanirwe kudzingwa.
Sarudzo dzichangoburwa muPakistan dzinopawo "nhau dzakanaka" kuWashington. Vakazara 5 muzana vanofarira kubvumidza US kana mamwe mauto ekunze kuti apinde muPakistan "kutevera kana kubata varwi veal Qaeda." Zvipfumbamwe kubva muzana zvinobvumira mauto eUS "kutevera nekubata vapanduki veTaliban vakayambuka kubva kuAfghanistan." Vanosvika hafu vanofarira kubvumidza mauto ePakistan kuita kudaro. Uye vashoma vanopfuura 80 muzana vanoona kuvepo kwemauto eUS muAsia neAfghanistan sekutyisidzira Pakistan, nepo ruzhinji rwakawanda runotenda kuti US iri kuyedza kukuvadza nyika yechiIslam.
Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti mibairo iyi ivandudzo huru kupfuura Gumiguru 2001, apo a Newsweek Ongororo yakaratidza kuti โmakumi masere nenhatu muzana evaPakistani vakabvunzurudzwa vanoti vanotsigira vaTaliban, ne3 muzana chete vachiratidza kutsigira United States,โ nepo vanopfuura 80 muzana vakatsanangura Osama bin Laden semugandanga uye 6 muzana igandanga.
Emhepo kune imwe nzvimbo mukutanga kwa2008 inogonawo kuva "nhau dzakanaka" kuWashington. Muna Ndira, muchiitiko chinoshamisa chekusateerera kwevanhu, makumi ezviuru zvevanhu vakarwadziswa veGaza vakabuda mutirongo mavakange vakavharirwa neUS-Israel mubatanidzwa (nerutsigiro rwekunyara kweEurope) sechirango chevatorwa. mhosva yekuvhota nenzira isiri iyo musarudzo dzakasununguka muna Ndira 2006. Zvaidzidzisa kuona mapeji ekutanga aine nyaya dzinoratidza hutsinye hwemhinduro yeUS kusarudzo dzakasununguka pamwe chete nevamwe vachirumbidza hutongi hwaBush nekuzvipira kwahwo ku "kusimudzira demokrasi" kana kuti. dzimwe nguva vachiipopotera zvinyoro nyoro nekuti yaienda kure mukufungidzira kwayo, vachitadza kuziva kuti vanhu vekuMiddle East vakasarira kumashure kuti vafarire demokrasi - imwe nheyo inodzokera ku "Wilsonian idealism."
Uyu mufananidzo wakajeka weruvengo rwepamusoro uye kushorwa kwedemocracy unoshumwa nguva dzose, sezviri pachena pasina ruzivo rwezvainoreva. Kusarudza mufananidzo chero nguva, Cam Simpson anoshuma mu Wall Street Journal (Kukadzi 8) kuti kunyangwe nekurangwa kwakaomarara kweUS-Israel kuGaza uye "kufashama kweWest Bank inotungamirwa neFatah inotsigirwa neWest Bank nerutsigiro rwezvehupfumi nehupfumi [kunyengetedza maPalestine mumatunhu ese maviri kuti vagamuchire Fatah uye vaparadzanise Hamas," zvakapesana. zviri kuitika: Kuzivikanwa kwaHamas kuri kuwedzera muWest Bank. Sekutsanangura kunoita Simpson, "Hamas yakahwina sarudzo dzePalestine muna Ndira 2006, izvo zvakaita kuti hurumende yeIsrael nehutungamiriri hwaBush vatungamirire mhirizhonga yepasi rose yePalestinian Authority," pamwe chete nematanho akanyanya. Chinangwa, chisina kuvanzwa, ndechekuranga vatadzi vanotadza kubata musimboti unokosha wedemokrasi: "Itai zvatinotaura, kana zvisizvo."
Chirango cheIsrael chakatsigirwa neUS chakawedzera kusvika kutanga kwa2006 uye chakawedzera zvakanyanya mushure mekutorwa kwemurwi weIsrael, Gilad Shalit, muna Chikumi. Chiito ichocho chakashurikidzwa zvikuru kuMadokero. Kuita kwaIsraeri kwoutsinye kwakarangarirwa sokunonzwisisika kana zvichida kwakanyanyisa. Pfungwa idzi hadzina kuvhiringwa nekuratidza kunoshamisa kuti hwaive hunyengeri chaihwo. Zuva risati ratorwa Corporal Shalit pamitsetse yemauto anorwisa Gaza, mauto eIsrael akapinda muGaza City ndokupamba vanhu vaviri, hama dzaMuammar, achienda navo kuIsrael (mukutyora Geneva Conventions), kwavakanyangarika muIsrael. vagari vomumajeri, kusanganisira vanenge 1,000 XNUMX vanosungwa pasina mhosva, kazhinji kwenguva refu. Kupamba, mhosva yakaipisisa kupfuura kubatwa kwaShalit, yakagamuchira mitsara yakapararira yekutaura, asi pasina kushoropodzwa kunoonekwa. Izvozvo pamwe zvinonzwisisika, nokuti haisi nhau. Mauto eIsrael anotsigirwa neUS ave achiita maitiro akadai, uye ane hutsinye hwakanyanya, kwemakumi emakore. Chero zvazvingaitika, senyika yevatengi, Israeri inogara nhaka kodzero yekupara mhosva kubva kuna tenzi wayo.
IUS-Israel yakaedza kuronga coup yemauto kuti vaise bato ravaida. Izvozvo zvakashumwawo pachena, zvichirangarirwa sezviri pamutemo chose chose, kana zvisina kurumbidzwa. Kupidigura hurumende kwakatungamirwa neHamas, iyo yakatora Gaza Strip. Hutsinye hweIsrael hwakasvika pakakwirira. Ndichiri kuWest Bank, US-yakatsigirwa neIsrael mashandiro akaenderera mberi nekutora nzvimbo yakakosha uye zviwanikwa, kutyora zvidimbu zvakasara kune vanhu vePalestine nekugara uye mapurojekiti makuru ezvivakwa, kusungwa kwese nekutorwa kweMupata weJoridhani, uye kuwedzera kugara uye budiriro muJerusarema mukutyora mirairo yeSecurity Council iyo inodzokera shure makore 40 kuve nechokwadi chekuti hapazovi nekupfuura chiratidzo chekuvapo kwePalestine munzvimbo yenhoroondo yePalestine tsika, kutengeserana, uye hupenyu hwemagariro. Kuita kusiri kwechisimba kwevaPalestine nemapoka ekubatana kunodzvanywa zvine hutsinye nezvisingawanike uye nechero chiziviso. Kunyangwe muhwina weNobel Mairead Corrigan Maguire paakapfurwa uye kupfurwa negasi nemauto eIsrael achipinda mukurinda achipikisa Rusvingo Rwokuparadzanisa โ rwava kunzi madziro ekuwedzera โ paive pasina kana izwi mupepanhau reChirungu, kunze kweIreland.
Zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa nekusimudzira zveIsrael paWest Bank, kusanganisira yakagara kuEast Jerusalem, hazvisi pamutemo zviri pachena, zvichityora zvisungo zvakawanda zveSecurity Council uye kutonga kwakasimba kwakaitwa neInternational Court of Justice paRusvingo rweKuparadzanisa, nechibvumirano cheUS Justice Buergenthal kuzivisa kwakasiyana.
Zviito zvehutsotsi zvemaPalestine, zvakaita semaroketi eQassam akadzingwa kubva kuGaza, anoshorwa nehasha kuMadokero. Zviito zvechisimba uye zvinoparadza zvakanyanya zveIsrael dzimwe nguva zvinokurudzira kubata nendimi zvine ruremekedzo kana zvikadarika mazinga akatenderwa ehugandanga. Nguva dzose zviito zveIsrael - izvo zvechokwadi US inogovera basa rakananga - zvinoratidzwa sekutsiva, pamwe zvakanyanyisa. Imwe nzira yekutarisa kutenderera kwemhirizhonga ndeyekuti maroketi eQassam kutsiva mhosva dzisingaperi dzeIsrael muWest Bank, iyo isinga patsanurwe kubva kuGaza kunze kweUS-Israel fiat. Asi zvakajairwa rusaruraganda- ultranationalist fungidziro dzinosiya dudziro iyoyo.
Mutemo wepasi rose werubatsiro wakajeka pazvinhu izvi. Article 33 yeFourth Geneva Convention ya1950 inoti, โHapana munhu akadzivirirwa anogona kurangwa pamhosva yaasina kupara. Zvirango zvakabatana uye nenzira yakafanana zviyero zvese zvekutyisidzira kana zvehugandanga zvinorambidzwaโฆ. Kutsividza vanhu vakachengetedzwa nemidziyo yavo kunorambidzwa. " MaGazans "vanhu vakachengetedzwa" vasina kujeka pasi pekugarwa nemauto eIsrael. Musangano weHague wa1907 unozivisawo kuti, โHapana chirango chakajairika, chemari kana neimwe nzira, chinogona kupihwa kuvanhu nekuda kwezviito zvevanhu izvo zvisingakwanisi kutariswa.yakaitwa sevanhu vese vane mutoroโ (Chisungo 50).
Uyezve, High Contracting Mapato kuGeneva Kokorodzano inosungirwa "kuremekedza uye kuona kuremekedzwa kweChibvumirano chiripo mumamiriro ese ezvinhu," kusanganisira chokwadi Israel neUS, iyo inosungirwa kudzivirira, kana kuranga, kukanganisa kwakanyanya kweChibvumirano nevatungamiriri vayo uye vatengi vayo. Kana vezvenhau vachishuma, sezvavanogara vachiita, kuti "Israel inotarisira [kuderedza kugoverwa kwemafuta nemagetsi kuGaza Strip] kuchagadzira kumanikidza kwakakurumbira kumanikidza vatongi veHamas veGaza nemamwe mapoka emhirizhonga kuti vamise roketi moto" (Stephen Erlanger , NYT, Ndira 31), vari kutizivisa zvakadzikama kuti Israeri iri kutyora zvakanyanya mutemo wepasi rose wekubatsira vanhu, sezvakaita US yekusaona kuremekedzwa kwemutemo kune chikamu chemutengi wayo. Kana Dare Repamusoro reIsrael richipa mvumo kune aya matanho, sezvairi, iri kuwedzera imwe peji kune rayo rakashata rekodhi yekuzviisa pasi pesimba rehurumende. Mutori wenhau anotungamira weIsrael, Moshe Negbi, aiziva zvaaiita paakapa ongororo yake yakaora mwoyo yezvinyorwa zvematare. Takanga takafanana neSodhoma (Kisdom Hayyinu).
Mutemo wepasi rose haugone kuisirwa nyika dzine simba, kunze kwevanhu vadzo. Iroro ibasa rakaoma nguva dzose, kunyanya kana maonero ekutaura uye matare akati kuparwa kwemhosva kuri pamutemo.
Muna Ndira, kubuda kwejeri kunotungamirwa neHamas kwakabvumira maGazans kekutanga mumakore kuti vaende kunotenga mumaguta eEgypt ari padyo, zviri pachena kuti imhosva huru nekuti zvakakanganisa kushomeka kweUS-Israel kwevanhu ava. Asi vane simba vakakurumidza kuziva kuti zviitiko izviwo zvaigona kuchinja kuva โmashoko akanaka.โ Mutevedzeri weGurukota rezvekudzivirirwa kweIsrael, Matan Vilnai "akataura pachena izvo vamwe vakuru vakuru veIsrael vangangotaura vasingazivikanwe," Stephen Erlanger akashuma. New York Times: Kuputsika kwejeri kunogona kubvumira Israeri kubvisa chero mutoro weGaza mushure mekunge yaita kuti iparadzwe uye nhamo mumakore makumi mana ehutongi hwehutsinye, ichiichengeta chete nokuda kwechinangwa chekudzidzira uye, zvechokwadi, pasi pekutonga kwemauto, miganhu yayo yakasimbiswa. nemauto eIsrael ari panyika, gungwa, nemhepo, kunze kwekuvhura kuEgypt (mune chiitiko chisingafungidzike kuti Egypt ingabvumirana).
Tarisiro iyi inofadza inozadzisa zviito zveutsotsi zviri kuramba zvichiitwa neIsrael muWest Bank, zvakanyatsogadzirwa nenzira yakatsanangurwa kare kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapazove neramangwana rakanaka rePalestine ikoko. Panguva imwe cheteyo, Israeri inogona kutendeukira kukugadzirisa โdambudziko rehuwandu hwevanhu,โ kuvapo kwevasiri vaJudha munyika yechiJudha. Avigdor Lieberman anove nhengo yeKnesset yerudzi rwepamusoro-soro akashoropodzwa zvine hukasha semudzvanyiriri muIsrael paakasimudzira pfungwa yekumanikidza vagari vechiArab veIsrael kupinda mu "nyika yePalestine" inoseka, vachiratidza izvi kupasirese se "kuchinjana kwenyika." Chikumbiro chake chiri kuiswa zvishoma nezvishoma mune mainstream. Israel National nhau yakashuma muna Kubvumbi kuti nhengo yeKnesset Otniel Schneller webato rinodzora Kadima, โanorangarirwa somumwe wavanhu vari pedyo zvikuru uye vakavimbika zvikuru kuMutungamiriri wehurumende Ehud Olmert,โ akakarakadza gadziriro โinoratidzika kuva yakafanana zvikuru neyakaratidzirwa nomutungamiriri weYisrael Beiteinu Avigdor Lieberman. ,โ kunyange zvazvo Schneller achitaura kuti hurongwa hwake โhuchawedzera zvishoma nezvishomaโ uye maArabu akabatwa โvacharamba vari vagari veIsraeri kunyange zvazvo nharaunda yavo ichange iri ye[Palestinian Authority uye], havazobvumidzwi kugara patsva mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeIsrael. โ Chokwadi vanhu vacho havabvunzwe.
Muna December Gurukota rezvekune dzimwe nyika, Tzipi Livni, tariro yokupedzisira yenjiva zhinji dzeIsrael, akatora chimiro chimwe chetecho. Nyika yePalestine yakazoguma, akadaro, "ichava mhinduro yenyika kune maPalestine" munzvimbo uye neavo "vanogara mumisasa yevapoteri yakasiyana kana muIsrael." NemaArabu eIsrael achitumirwa kunzvimbo yavo "yakasikwa", Israeri yaizozadzisa chinangwa chakatsvakwa kwenguva refu chekuzvisunungura kubva kumarara echiArab, chimiro chinozivikanwa zvakakwana munhoroondo yeUS, semuenzaniso mutariro yaThomas Jefferson, isina kumboitika, yekuti humambo hwerusununguko huri kusimukira hwaizova husina โruvara kana musanganiswa,โ rutsvuku kana rutema.
Kuna Israeri, iyi haisi nyaya diki. Pasinei zvapo nenhamburiko dzougamba dzinoitwa navareveri vayo, hakusi nyore kuvanza idi rokuti โnyika yechiJudha inosarudzwa navanhuโ haisati ichitongogamuchirika kumurangariro wakasununguka kupfuura โnyika yechiKristu inosarudzwa navanhuโ kana kuti โnyika yevachena inosarudzwa navanhu,โ chero bedzi chivharo musanganiswa hauna kubviswa. Mafungiro akadai anogona kutenderwa kana kuzivikanwa kwechitendero / dzinza kwainyanya kuratidza, sekusarudza zuva repamutemo rekuzorora. Asi kana iri Israeri, zvinopfuura ipapo. Kusiya kwakanyanyisa kubva pamisimboti midiki yedemocracy kutevedzana kwakaoma kwemitemo nehurongwa hwehutungamiri hwakagadzirirwa kuisa hutongi hwenzvimbo inopfuura 90 muzana mumaoko eJewish National Fund (JNF), sangano rakazvipira kushandisa mari dzezvipo nenzira dzekuti. โdzinobatsira zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga kuvanhu vechitendero chechiJudha, dzinza kana kuti mavambo,โ saka zvinyorwa zvaro zvinotsanangura kuti: โsangano rehurumende rinozivikanwa neHurumende yeIsrael neWorld Zionist Organization sechishandiso choga chokusimudzira nyika dzaIsraeri,โ rakaganhurirwa. kushandiswa kwevaJudha, nekusingaperi (kunze kwekunze), uye kurambidzwa kushanda kusiri kwemaJuda (kunyangwe musimboti uyu unowanzo furatirwa nezvebasa rakachipa rinotengwa kunze kwenyika). Uku kutyorwa kwakanyanya kwekodzero dzevanhu, kwaipihwa mari nevagari vese vekuAmerica nekuda kwekusabhadhara mutero kweJNF, kwakasvika kuDare Repamusoro reIsrael muna 2000, munyaya yakakwidzwa nevaviri vechiArab vakanga varambidzwa kupinda muguta reKatzir. Dare rakapa mutongo wakanangana navo, mune mutongo wakamanikana, uyo unoratidzika kunge wakamboitwa zvishoma. Makore manomwe gare gare, vaviri vechidiki vechiArabu vakarambidzwa kubva kuguta reRakefet, pavhu rehurumende, nekuda kwe "kusawirirana munharaunda" (Scott Peterson, Washington Post, December 20, 2007), mushumo usingawanzoitiki. Zvakare, hapana chimwe cheizvi chisingazivikanwe muUS Mushure mezvose, zvakatora zana zana regumi nemana Chigadziridzo chisati chazivikanwa zviri pamutemo nematare uye chichiri kure nekuitwa.
Kune maPalestine, ikozvino pane nzira mbiri. Imwe ndeyekuti US neIsrael vachasiya kurambwa kwavo kweunilateral kwemakore makumi matatu apfuura uye vogamuchira chibvumirano chepasi rose chekugadzirisa nyika mbiri, maererano nemutemo wepasi rose - uye, sezvineiwo, maererano nezvishuwo zveruzhinji rweAmerica. . Izvo hazvigoneke, kunyangwe nyika mbiri dzekuramba dziri kushanda nesimba kuti zvidaro. Kugadzirisana nenzira iyi kwakasvika pedyo munhaurirano muTaba Egypt muna Ndira 30 uye zvinogona kunge zvakasvikwa, vatori vechikamu vakashuma, dai Mutungamiriri weIsrael Barak asina kumisa nhaurirano nguva isati yakwana. Hurongwa hwenhaurirano idzi hwaive "maparamita" aClinton aZvita 2001, akaburitswa mushure mekunge aziva kuti zvakataurwa neCamp David pakutanga kwegore iroro zvaisatambirika. Zvinowanzonzi Arafat akaramba maparameter. Nekudaro, sekujekesa uye nekujeka kwaClinton, mativi ese akange agamuchira maparamendi, mune ese ari maviri aine kusachengeteka, izvo vakatsvaga kuyananisa muTaba mavhiki mashoma gare gare-uye sezviri pachena vakapotsa vabudirira. Pave nenhaurirano dzisiri pamutemo sezvo dzakaburitsa zvirevo zvakafanana. Kunyangwe mikana ichidzikira sezvo US-Israeli kugadzirisa uye zvirongwa zvezvivakwa zvichienderera mberi, hazvina kubviswa. Parizvino chibvumirano chepasi rose chave pedyo nepasirese, chichitsigirwa neArab League, Iran, Hamas, kutaura zvazviri mutambi wese akakodzera kunze kweUS neIsrael.
Chechipiri chingangoitika ndecheiyo iyo US-Israel iri kunyatso kuita, pamwe nemitsetse ichangobva kutsanangurwa. MaPalestine anozoendeswa kujeri ravo reGaza uye kuWest Bank cantons, pamwe nekubatanidzwa nevagari veIsrael maArabu zvakare kana hurongwa hweLieberman-Schneller-Livni hukaitwa. Kune nharaunda dzakatorwa, izvo zvinozoona zvinangwa zvakataurwa naMoshe Dayan kune vaaishanda navo mubato reLabour Party mumakore ekutanga ekugara: Israel inofanira kuudza vapoteri vePalestine vari munzvimbo kuti "hatina mhinduro, mucharamba muchirarama senge. imbwa, uye ani nani anoda ngaaende, uye tichaona kuti izvi zvinotungamirira kupi.โ Pfungwa huru yakataurwa nemutungamiri weLabour Party, Haim Herzog, akazove mutungamiri wenyika, muna 1972: "Ini handirambi maPalestine nzvimbo kana kumira kana maonero pane zvese .... Asi chokwadi handina kugadzirira kuvatora sevadyidzani mune chero ruremekedzo munyika yakatsaurwa mumaoko erudzi rwedu kwezviuru zvemakore. Nokuti vaJudha venyika ino havagoni kuva nomumwe wavo.
Chinhu chechitatu chinogona kunge chiri chenyika mbiri. Iyoyo yaive sarudzo inogoneka mumakore ekutanga ebasa, pamwe hurongwa hwemubatanidzwa hunozotungamira mukuzobatana kwepedyo sekubvumidzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu. Paitove nerutsigiro rwepfungwa dzakafanana mukati mehungwaru hwemauto eIsrael, asi kupihwa chero kodzero dzezvematongerwo enyika kune maPalestine kwakapfurwa nebato rinotonga reLabour. Zvikumbiro zveizvi zvakaitwa (ndini kunyanya), asi zvakangomutsa hysteria. Mukana uyu wakarasika pakati pemakore ekuma1970 apo kodzero dzenyika dzePalestine dzakasvika pahurongwa hwepasi rose uye chibvumirano chenyika mbiri chakatanga. Kuvhota kwekutanga kweUS pasarudzo yenyika mbiri kuSecurity Council, yakafambiswa nenyika huru dzemaArabu, yaive muna 1976. Kuramba kwaWashingon kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi nanhasi, kunze kwemwedzi waClinton wekupedzisira ari pachigaro. Imwe nzira yehurumende yakabatana inoramba iri nzira iri kure kuburikidza nechibvumirano pakati pemapato, sechikamu chekupedzisira muhurongwa hunotanga nekugadzirisa kwehurumende mbiri. Hapana imwe nzira yekukurudzira yemhedzisiro yakadai, kana isu tichinzwisisa kumiririra kunosanganisira nzira inotungamira kubva pano kuenda uko; kungokumbirawo, mukusiyana, ndeyemahara kune kubvunza.
Zvinofadza, zvichida, kuti apo kutsigira kwehurumende yemubatanidzwa kwaiva netarisiro yakati, yakanga iri chishamiso, nepo nhasi, kana isingaitike zvachose, inokwaziswa noruremekedzo uye inorevererwa muzvinyorwa zvinotungamirira. Chikonzero, zvichida, ndechokuti inoshanda kuderedza tarisiro yekugara kwehurumende mbiri.
Magweta ekugadzirisa nyika mbiri (imwe-nyika) vanopokana kuti payazvino, Israeri ichava nyika yepariah seSouth Africa yerusarura, ine vanhu vazhinji vePalestine vakanyimwa kodzero, vachiisa hwaro hwekurwira kodzero dzevanhu zvinotungamira kumubatanidzwa wedemokrasi. state. Hapana chikonzero chekutenda kuti US, Israel, kana chero imwe nyika yekuMadokero ingabvumira chero zvakadaro kuti zviitike. Asi, vachaenderera mberi sezvavari kuita mumatunhu nhasi, vasingatore mutoro kune maPalestine akasara achiora mumajeri akasiyana siyana nemacanton angangozara munzvimbo, kure nemeso evaIsrael vari kufamba mumigwagwa mikuru yakasarudzika kuenda. maguta avo akatsigirwa neWest Bank nemasabhubhu, vachidzora zviwanikwa zvemvura zvedunhu, uye kubatsirwa nehukama hwavo neUS nemamwe makambani epasi rese ari kufara kuona simba remauto rakavimbika kunharaunda yedunhu rakakosha reMiddle East, ine advanced high tech hupfumi uye hukama hwepedyo kuWashington.
Turning kumwewo, sarudzo huru hadzisi mashoko akanaka akadaro kudzidziso yenguva dzose yokuMadokero. Mafungiro mashoma anotsigirwa neshungu nekubatana sedzidziso yekuti Hugo Chavez mudzvanyiriri akatsunga kuparadza rusununguko uye democracy muVenezuela nekumwe. Sarudzo dzepagore pamaonero eLatin America nesangano rinoremekedzwa rekuChile Latinobarometro saka "nhau dzakaipa." Iyo ichangoburwa (Mbudzi 2007) yaive nemhedzisiro "inoshatirisa" sepakutanga. Venezuela iri pachinhanho chechipiri, padyo kumashure kwenzvimbo yekutanga Uruguay, mukugutsikana nedemokrasi, uye yechitatu mukugutsikana nevatungamiriri. Inotangira pakuongorora mamiriro ehupfumi azvino uye eramangwana, kuenzana, uye kururamisira, uye mwero wedzidzo. Ichokwadi, inongotora 11 chete mukutsigira hupfumi hwemusika, asi kunyangwe ne "chikanganiso" ichi, chakazara muLatin America panyaya dzedemocracy, kururamisira, uye tariro, pamusoro peUS favourites Colombia, Peru, Mexico, neChile.
Muongorori weLatin America Mark Turner anonyora kuti โakawana chiNgezi chinenge chisina kunyatsojeka pamusoro pemigumisiro yeiyi mufananidzo unokosha wemaonero nemafungiro e[Latin America].โ Ndizvo zvave zvichiitikawo munguva yakapfuura. Turner akawanawo zvakasarudzika: pakanga paine mishumo yekuwana kuti Chavez haafarirwe saBush muLatin America, chimwe chinhu chichauya chisingashamisi kune avo vakaona kumwe kuvharidzirwa kunotyisa uko Chavez ari pasi, mukati. pepanhau reVenezuela zvakareโchinhu chinoshamisa muโudzvanyiririโ uhwu huri kuuya. Mahofisi ekupepeta anga achinyatsoziva nezvesarudzo, asi zviri pachena kuti anonzwisisa zvinogona kupfuura nemasefa edzidziso.
Kugamuchirawo chiziviso chidiki chaive chiziviso cheMutungamiriri Chavez musi wa31 Zvita 2007 achipa ruregerero kuvatungamiriri vemauto aitsigirwa neUS akapamba mutungamiri wenyika, akaparadza paramende neDare Repamusorosoro nemamwe masangano egutsaruzhinji, asi akakurumidza kubviswa nemukurumbira. kumukirana. Kuti Madokero angadai akatevera muenzaniso waChavez mune imwe nyaya yakafanana, kuisa zvinyoro, pane zvisingaite. Zvichida zvose izvi zvinopa imwe nzwisiso muโkupesana kwemarudziโโmubvunzo unofanira kuva wakatanhamara mundangariro dzedu, ndinofunga kudaro.
Z
Noam Chomsky nyanzvi yemitauro, muongorori wemagariro, uye munyori wemabhuku akawanda uye zvinyorwa. Pakati peazvino ari Nyika dzakakundikana uye Imperial Ambitions.