Kukurudzirwa nenguva dzino dzekupinda nekunzvenga, nhaurwa ye "hondo chaiyo" yakave nekuvandudzwa pakati pevadzidzi uye kunyange pakati pevagadziri vemitemo.
Pfungwa dziri parutivi, zviito munyika chaiyo kazhinji kazhinji zvinosimbisa chirevo chaThucydides chokuti โVakasimba vanoita zvavanogona, asi vasina simba vanotambura zvavanofaniraโ รขโฌโ kusiri kusarurama kusingarambiki chete, asi panguva ino yemunhu. budiriro, tyisidziro chaiyoiyo kukupukunyuka kwemarudzi.
Mukufunga kwake kunorumbidzwa zvikuru pamusoro pehondo chete, Michael Walzer anotsanangura kupinda kweAfghanistan se "kukunda kwedzidziso yehondo," akamira padivi neKosovo se "hondo chaiyo." Nehurombo, muzviitiko zviviri izvi, sezvese, nharo dzake dzinotsamira pazvivakwa zvakaita sekuti โkwandiri zvinoita sedzakarurama,โ kana โNdinotendaโ kana โpasina kupokana.โ
Chokwadi chinofuratirwa, kunyange icho chiri pachena zvikuru. Funga nezveAfghanistan. Sezvo kubhomba kwakatanga muna Gumiguru 2001, Mutungamiri Bush vakayambira vanhu vekuAfghan kuti zvichaenderera mberi kusvika vapa vanhu vaifungirwa neUS kuita zvehugandanga.
Shoko rokuti โkufungirwaโ rinokosha. Mwedzi misere gare gare, mukuru weFBI, Robert S. Mueller III akaudza vapepeti veThe Washington Post kuti mushure mekutsvaga kwakanyanyisa munhoroondo, "Tinofunga kuti vatungamiriri ve (kurwiswa kwaSept. 11) vaive muAfghanistan, kumusoro munhoroondo. al-Qaida hutungamiriri. Varongi nevamwe รขโฌโ vakuru vezvikoroรขโฌโ vakaungana muGermany uye zvichida kumwewo.
Zvakanga zvisati zvajeka muna Chikumi 2002 hazvaigona kunge zvakazivikanwa muna Gumiguru apfuura, kunyangwe vashoma vakakahadzika kamwechete kuti ichokwadi. Iniwo handina, nekuda kwezvazvinokodzera, asi kufungidzira uye humbowo zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana. Zvirinani zvinoita sekunge zvakanaka kutaura kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anomutsa mubvunzo wekuti kubhomba maAfghan yaive muenzaniso wakajeka we "hondo chete."
Nharo dzaWalzer dzakanangidzirwa kune zvinangwa zvisina kudomwa - semuenzaniso, vapikisi vekambasi avo vari "pacifists." Anowedzera kuti "pacifism" yavo "nharo yakaipa," nokuti anofunga kuti chisimba pane dzimwe nguva chiri pamutemo. Tinogona kubvumirana kuti chisimba dzimwe nguva chiri pamutemo (ini), asi "ndinofunga" harisi gakava rinokura munhau dzepasirese dzaanokurukura.
Ne "hondo chete," kurwisa hugandanga kana chimwe chikonzero, US inozvisunungura kubva pamisimboti yakakosha yehurongwa hwepasirese iyo yakaita basa rekutanga mukugadzira nekuita.
Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, hutongi hutsva hwemutemo wenyika dzakawanda hwakatangwa. Zvisungo zvaro pamitemo yehondo zvakarongwa muUN Charter, Geneva Kokorodzano uye nheyo dzeNuremberg, dzakagamuchirwa neGeneral Assembly. Charter inorambidza kutyisidzira kana kushandiswa kwechisimba kunze kwekunge yabvumidzwa neSecurity Council kana, pasi peChikamu 51, mukuzvidzivirira pakurwiswa nepfuti kudzamara Security Council yaita.
Muna 2004, dare repamusoro reUN, kusanganisira, pakati pevamwe, aimbove National Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft, vakagumisa kuti "Chisungo 51 hachidi kuwedzera kana kudziviswa kwehukuru hwacho hwainzwisiswa kwenguva refu ... kurongeka kwepasi rose uye tsika yekusapindira kwairi kuenderera mberi kwakavakirwa inongova yakakura kwazvo kuti kuve kwepamutemo kweunilateral kudzivirira chiito, seyakasiyana kubva kune yakatsigirwa chiito, kuti chigamuchirwe. Kubvumira mumwe kuita zvakadaro kubvumira zvese. โ
Iyo National Security Strategy yaGunyana 2002, ichangobva kudzokororwa munaKurume, inopa US kodzero yekuita yainodaidza kuti "pre-emptive war," zvinoreva kwete pre-emptive, asi "hondo yekudzivirira." Ndiyo kodzero yekuita zvechisimba, zviri pachena uye zviri nyore.
Mukutaura kweNuremberg Tribunal, hutsinye "imhosva huru yepasirese inosiyana chete nedzimwe mhosva dzehondo nekuti mukati mayo mune huipi hwakaunganidzwa hwese" - huipi hwese munyika yakatambudzwa yeIraq yakayerera kubva Kupinda kweUS-UK, semuenzaniso.
Pfungwa yehukasha yakatsanangurwa zvakajeka naMutongi weDare Repamusorosoro reUS, Robert Jackson, aive muchuchisi mukuru weUnited States kuNuremberg. Pfungwa iyi yakadzokororwa muchisarudzo cheGeneral Assembly. "Murwiri," Jackson akakurudzira dare redzimhosva, inyika inova yekutanga kuita zviito zvakadaro "sekupinda nechisimba kwemauto ayo, kana pasina kuzivisa kwehondo, kwenzvimbo yeimwe Nyika."
Izvo zvinoshanda pakurwiswa kweIraq. Zvinokoshawo mazwi akataurwa naJustice Jackson kuNuremberg: "Kana zvimwe zviito zvekutyora zvibvumirano imhosva, imhosva kunyangwe United States inozviita kana kuti Germany inozviita, uye isu hatina kugadzirira kuisa mutemo kuparwa kwemhosva kune vamwe zvatisingade kuti tiite. Uye kune imwe nzvimbo: โHatitongofaniri kukanganwa kuti chinyorwa chatinotonga pachiri ava vanopomerwa mhosva ndicho chinyorwa icho nhau ichatitonga pachiri mangwana. Kupa vapomeri ava mukombe une chepfu ndiko kuzviisa pamiromo yedu zvakare. "
Kuhutungamiri hwematongerwo enyika, kutyisidzira kwekutevedzwa kumisimboti iyi รขโฌโ uye nekutonga kwemutemo zvachoseรขโฌโ kwakakomba zvirokwazvo. Kana kuti zvingadaro, kana munhu upi noupi akatsunga kuzvidza โsimba guru rimwechete risina tsitsi rine hutungamiriri hunoda kuumba nyika maererano nemaonero ayo enyika ane simba,โ sezvakanyorwa naReuven Pedatzur muHaaretz May apfuura.
Rega nditaure chokwadi chinoverengeka chakapfava. Chekutanga ndechekuti zviito zvinoongororwa maererano nehuwandu hwezvingangoitika. Chechipiri imusimboti wepasi rose; tinoshandisa kwatiri timene mipimo mimwecheteyo yatinoshandisa kune vamwe, kana isinganyanyi kuomesera.
Kunze kwekuve iyo merest truisms, aya misimboti zvakare hwaro hwehondo chete dzidziso, ingangoita chero shanduro yayo inokodzera kutorwa zvakakomba.