Bayan da Amurka, Kanada, da Mexico suka amince da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kasuwanci don maye gurbin yarjejeniyar cinikayyar 'yanci ta Arewacin Amurka (NAFTA) a daren Lahadi, Trump ya sanar da sabuwar yarjejeniyar a matsayin "labaran tarihi na gaske ga al'ummarmu da duniya baki daya. "
Amma duk da haka da yawa masu fafutuka da masu fafutuka sun riga sun soki sabuwar yarjejeniyar, wacce aka yiwa lakabi da Yarjejeniyar Amurka-Mexico-Canada (USMCA), yana kiranta nasara ga manyan kamfanoni da masu gurɓata muhalli a kuɗin ma'aikata da duniya.
Wenonah Hauter, babban darektan Food & Water Watch, "Wannan yarjejeniya wani babban mataki ne na baya ga mutane, al'ummomi da muhalli." ya ce a cikin wata sanarwa.
Ta yi bayanin cewa USMCA "zata sanyawa tare da sanya kishin Trump na duniya cikin yarjejeniyar kasuwanci wanda zai fi karfin gwamnati da kuma lalata kokarin da ake yi na kare masu sayayya, ma'aikata da muhalli."
Yana da hanyoyi da yawa, sabuwar yarjejeniyar ta yi alkawarin zurfafa rikicin tattalin arziki da muhalli na NAFTA.
A cikin Inuwar NAFTA
Trump ya soki NAFTA, wanda aka aiwatar a karkashin Bill Clinton a 1994, yana kiranta "mafi munin ciniki da aka taɓa yi.” Amma duk da haka shekaru da yawa, masu fafutuka a duk faɗin duniya suna da yayi tir da yarjejeniyar a matsayin mummunan ga ma'aikata, ƙananan gonaki, da muhalli.
"Yawancin mutane ba su san yadda mummunar yarjejeniya ta NAFTA ta kasance ga Mexico ba," Mark Weisbrot, babban darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki da Siyasa ta Washington, ya fadawa Al Jazeera. “Amma a cikin kwata-kwata bayan NAFTA, albashin Mexico ya kusan daidai da na 1980, wasu ƙarin mutane miliyan 20 suna cikin talauci, miliyan biyar sun yi gudun hijira daga aikin noma saboda manufofin kuɗin fito na NAFTA, da haɓakar tattalin arziƙin Mexico ya kai kusan 15. na kasashen Latin Amurka 20."
NAFTA ta kuma yi mummunar tasiri ga ma'aikata a Amurka.
"Amurkawa sun sha wahala a karkashin dokokin NAFTA na shekaru da yawa," in ji Lori Wallach, darektan Cibiyar Kasuwancin Duniya ta Jama'a ta Jama'a. ya ce a cikin wata sanarwa.
"Kusan ayyukan Amurka miliyan daya ne aka tabbatar da gwamnati kamar yadda NAFTA ta rasa, tare da NAFTA na taimaka wa kamfanoni ke ba da ƙarin ayyuka ga Mexico kowane mako," in ji ta. "Matsi na kasa da kasa kan albashin ma'aikatan Amurka da NAFTA ke haifarwa ya karu ne kawai yayin da albashin Mexico ya ragu sosai tun daga NAFTA, tare da albashin masana'antu na Mexico yanzu kashi 40 cikin XNUMX a kasa da na kasar Sin."
Sabuwar Yarjejeniya ta ci nasara ga Monsanto da masu gurbata muhalli
Ana kallon sabon maye gurbin NAFTA a matsayin nasara ga Trump da kuma masana'antu daban-daban da ke shirin cin gajiyar yarjejeniyar.
Mike Sommers, shugaban Cibiyar Man Fetur ta Amurka, babbar cibiyar masana'antar mai da iskar gas a kasar, ya goyi bayan yarjejeniyar. cewa zai yi "Taimaka don tabbatar da juyin juya halin makamashi na Amurka ya ci gaba zuwa nan gaba."
Amma duk da haka masu fafutukar kare muhalli da masu shirya ba su yi bikin ba.
"[USMCA] yana da babbar kyauta ga masana'antar agrochemical wanda ke ba da hanya ga GMOs wanda ba a tsara shi ba, yana maido da ka'idojin GMOs na Mexico, kuma yana ba da damar manyan masanan sinadarai kamar Monsanto da Dow su adana bayanan kan amincin magungunan kashe qwari na 10. shekaru," Hauter of Food & Water Watch bayyana.
Ta ci gaba da cewa, "Tallafin makamashin zai karfafa karin bututun mai da fitar da iskar gas da mai da zai kara fadada fasadi a Amurka da Mexico," in ji ta. "Rubutun ya kuma ba da sabbin hanyoyin da masu gurbata muhalli za su iya kalubalanci da gwadawa da dawo da tsarin kare muhalli da aka tsara, tare da tabbatar da ajandar masu gurbata muhalli na Trump a cikin yarjejeniyar kasuwanci."
Ana Bukatar Canje-canjen Manufofin Ciniki Mai zurfi
Sauran sauye-sauye tare da USMCA sun ja hankali daga sashin ƙwadago da masu ba da shawara don sake fasalin kasuwanci na ci gaba.
USMCA musamman Rufe Rikicin Rikicin Masu Zuba Jari-Jihar NAFTA da aka kona Tsarin (ISDS), wanda ke ba wa kamfanoni damar kai ƙarar ƙasashe don ayyukan nuna wariya waɗanda ke keta ribar kamfani. (A cikin sabuwar yarjejeniya, an cire ISDS tsakanin Amurka da Kanada, amma ba tsakanin Amurka da Mexico ba.)
"Wannan babban canji ne," Wallach yace. "Haɗin manyan gata da iko da masu saka hannun jari a cikin 1993 NAFTA sun ƙirƙira sabon tsarin yarjejeniyar kasuwanci na kamfani wanda aka bi tun daga lokacin."
"Hatta wannan gwamnatin da ta yi biyayya ga kungiyar ISDS na nufin shugaban Demokradiyya na gaba ba zai iya ja da baya ba kuma ya aika da wata alama mai karfi ga kasashe da dama na duniya kuma suna neman tserewa daga mummunan mulkin ISDS," in ji ta.
Daga cikin wasu canje-canje, USMCA ta haɗa da gyare-gyare a cikin masana'antar mota. Tun daga shekarar 2020, don guje wa biyan harajin kwastam. za a buƙaci kamfanonin kera motoci don kera aƙalla kashi 75 na mota a cikin Amurka, Mexico, ko Kanada, sama da abin da ake buƙata na kashi 62.5 na yanzu. An yi gyare-gyaren ne don kawar da samar da kayayyaki daga Asiya da sauran sassan duniya.
Bugu da kari, daga shekarar 2020, kashi 30 cikin dari na kera motar dole ne ma'aikata su gudanar da mafi ƙarancin $16 a sa'a- kusan sau uku albashin sa'a na ma'aikatan Mexico a cikin masana'antar kera motoci.
Duk da haka, yarjejeniyar kuma za ta kasance mika haƙƙin mallaka akan magungunan halittu daga shekaru takwas zuwa goma, wanda ya haifar da hauhawar farashin abokan ciniki da nasara ga masana'antar harhada magunguna.
Bayan da shugabannin kasashe ukun da ke halartar taron suka rattaba hannu a kan USMCA, za ta je majalisar dokokin Amurka domin kada kuri'a a farkon shekara mai zuwa. Masu sukar suna kira ga Majalisa da ta yi watsi da sabuwar yarjejeniya, kuma suyi aiki don zurfafa, gyare-gyaren tsarin.
"Manufofin kasuwancin Amurka da suka gaza waɗanda suka haɓaka ikon kamfanoni da cutar da ma'aikata, masu amfani da muhalli suna buƙatar cikakken canji," Wallach yace. "Wani fakitin sake tattaunawa na ƙarshe wanda ya dakatar da ci gaba da lalacewar NAFTA kuma ya fara aiwatar da maye gurbin tsarin yarjejeniyar cinikayyar Amurka da ya gaza na iya samun babban tallafi."
Wannan labarin ya samo ta Globetrotter, wani aiki na Cibiyar 'Yan Jarida mai zaman kanta.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi
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To, me mutum zai yi tsammani?
Wannan shugabancin yana da aminci ga yanayin Amurka da tarihi kuma wannan shugaban shine "Big Gypper," yana bin al'adar Reagan, "BigGipper."
Neman gafara na gaske ga mutanen Romania waɗanda ba su da cikakkiyar masaniya game da Trump waɗanda muke ci gaba da koyo game da makircinsa na zamba - a zahiri kalmar "Gypsies," ba shakka tana da matsala a kanta. Kuma gafara ga George Gipper, babban dan wasan kwallon kafa na Notre Dame na 20, wanda, kuma, ba shi da wani abu da ya dace da Reagan da manufofinsa masu cutarwa da kuma mulkin mallaka na mutuwa.
Wataƙila wata rana za mu iya fanshi ainihin ma'anar kalmomi kuma mu koyi ainihin adalci da gaskiya.