Idan har za a yi imani da mugun dan Muammar Gaddafi Saif, nan ba da jimawa ba za mu ga "kogin jini" a Benghazi, Libya don kunyata hatta azzaluman Gabas ta Tsakiya, mafi muni fiye da kisan gillar da Isra'ila ta yi wa mazauna Gaza 1400 shekaru biyu da suka wuce da 2006. mamayewa na Lebanon (ko da yake mai yiwuwa jin kunyar rage yawan sojojin Amurka na Iraki da me The Lancet Mujallar likitanci da aka kiyasta ta zama fararen hula miliyan guda da suka mutu sakamakon mamayewar Washington na 2003 mai cike da man fetur).
Idan aka kalli kisan gillar da Libya ta yi daga Afirka ta Kudu, muna ganin duka hotunan yatsu na cikin gida da tabarbarewar lafazin "dimokradiyyar duniya" wadanda tare suke bukatar fallasa ga haske, ta yadda ba za a sake amfani da su don karfafa mulkin kama-karya ba.
Hare-haren da gwamnatin ta kai wa ‘yan kasarta, Saif (38) ya gargadi BBC da Sky News a ranar Lahadi, za su kara tsananta nan da kwanaki masu zuwa: “Wannan kasarmu ce, ba za mu taba kasala ba, kuma ba za mu taba mika wuya ba. Wannan ita ce kasarmu. Muna yaki a nan Libya, muna mutuwa a nan Libya.”
Daruruwa ne ke mutuwa bisa umarnin Gaddafi tuni. Baya ga bindigu da tankokin yaki da Birtaniya da Amurka ke yi, wasu makaman sojojin nasa sun fito ne daga Afirka ta Kudu. Kamfanin Denel na Pretoria mallakar gwamnatin Pretoria ya yi wa Libya bulala na lalata fararen hula, tare da amincewar shugaban kwamitin kula da makamai na kasa Jeff Radebe, wanda ya zama ministan shari'a na SA.
A cikin jaridar Denel ta Yuni 2009, Basirar, Mun koyi, "Sakamakon baje kolin makaman mu na yara, kamar 40mm AGL, NTW-20 anti-materiel bindiga, SS77 da Mini SS machineguns, da kuma iyawar manyan bindigogi, makamai masu linzami, kula da jirgin sama da ayyukan aikin naki, Denel ne tuni aka fara tattaunawa kan kwangiloli a Libya."
Guguwar kura ta sa ya zama da wahala a kai hari ga masu zanga-zangar da ke tururuwa zuwa cikin aminci, don haka sojojin Gaddafi za su yi farin ciki a jibge manyan jirage masu saukar ungulu na Denel na harin Rooivalk, tare da sauran masu mulkin kama karya na yankin da 'yan dimokradiyya suka damu. Kamar yadda Denel Aviation CE Ismail Dockrat ya shaidawa Denel Web.co.za kafin tafiyar sa ta siyar da shi zuwa Tripoli a shekarar 2009, "Mun gano Arewacin Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya a matsayin manyan kasuwannin da Denel Aviation zai iya amfani da alamarsa."
Haka ma mawaƙa Mariah Carey, Beyonce Knowles da Nelly Furtado suka yi amfani da samfuransu - suna yin kide-kide na kansu - don musayar miliyoyin daloli na kuɗin mai na Gaddafi, wanda ke haifar da gurɓatawar mutuncin da ba za a iya jurewa ba.
Kuma a gundumar hada-hadar kudi ta Johannesburg, otal-otal masu tauraro biyar Michaelangelo da Radisson Blu mallakar wani bangare ne na Hukumar Zuba Jari ta Libiya, hukumar da Saif Gaddafi ya kafa a shekarar 2006. A cewar manajan Michealangelo mai suna Bart Dorrestein, haɗin gwiwar Libya ya kasance "ya yi matukar illa ga ƙungiyarmu da kuma halin da ake ciki a cikin kamfaninmu."
Wannan yana da kyau: akwai wasu adalci to. An samu irin wannan barnar a Makarantar Koyon Tattalin Arziki ta Libiya, wadda a da ake kira London School of Economics (LSE), a yanzu ana la'akari da ita a matsayin babban kanti na 'yan iskan Libiya, kamar yadda Oxford da Cambridge suke na sauran 'ya'yan azzaluman Gabas ta Tsakiya, musamman ma. tare da sabbin wahayi game da siyan Saif, wanda aka zayyana, rubuce-rubucen fatalwa kuma ba shakka ba a kula da shi ba, karatun digirin digirgir.
Abubuwan da aka zayyana, in ji Robert Sparling na Jami'ar McGill, "da alama yana ba da ta'aziyya marar tushe tun lokacin da ya sa LSE ta zama abin zamba, maimakon mai haɗin kai ga cin hanci da rashawa."
Cibiyoyi da yawa suna da laifin sayar da alfarma ga masu hannu da shuni, ko kuma a fannin cibiyata, Jami'ar Durban ta KwaZulu-Natal, na yin barci cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin dabarar ilimi. A cikin 2003, Sashen Injiniyan Injiniyan mu ya ba da digirin digirgir ga babban dillalin makamai na SA, Shamim Chippy Shaik, wanda ke da alhakin sayan dala biliyan 9 da suka gabata na cinikin makamai kuma a sakamakon haka mai yawa na ruɓewar siyasar ƙasar da ta biyo baya, gami da cin hancin dala miliyan 3 ga Iyalin Shaik daga kamfanin Thyssen na Jamus, kamar yadda aka bayyana a watan Satumban da ya gabata.
Bayan zargin cewa Shaik's PhD "mai zamba ne kuma yana cike da kurakurai, ciki har da tsararrun da ba daidai ba da rashin kyaututtuka da rubutu" - bisa ga bayanin. Wasika & Mai gadi, wanda tare da taimakon dillalin makamai Richard Young ya karya labarin - an soke digirin digiri a cikin 2008 bisa dalilan da ya sa "an bayyana gaskiya." Masu kula da Shaik, Farfesa Viktor Verijenko da Sarp Adali, sun kunyata, tsohon ya yi murabus ta hanyar imel tare da raba shi zuwa Australia.
Rugujewar da'a ta LSE ta musamman ce, ba wai kawai saboda kwangilar horar da ma'aikatan Gaddafi na fam miliyan 2.2 ba, a'a, a'a, a'a, a'a, a'a, a'a, a'a, a'a, a'a, a'a, a cikin cibiyar nazarin harkokin mulkin duniya, wadda a watan Yulin 2009, ta baiwa Gaddafi fam miliyan 1.5. Gidauniyar agaji da ci gaba, wanda darektan cibiyar David Held ya zauna a watan Yuni 2009.
"Na san wani matashi da aka kama tsakanin biyayya ga iyalinsa da kuma sha'awar sake fasalin kasarsa," in ji Held na Saif bayan alkawarin da ya yi a watan da ya gabata na yin amfani da harsashi ba kuri'a ba: "Abin takaici, amma abin takaici, yanke hukuncin da bai dace ba.”
Oh tashi daga ciki. Hukunce-hukuncen da ba daidai ba su ne Saif da Held da suka yi amfani da sunan LSE, wani nau'i na ban dariya na kawo sauyi a duniya a lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata na duniya, da kuma maganganun dimokuradiyya na Held don canza matsayinsu na tsakiya a sake shiga yammacin Afirka na mulkin kama-karya na Arewacin Afirka, kuma a cikin tsarin, duk kwangilar makamai da man fetur da manyan Birtaniya za su iya shiga.
( Furta: a cikin 2004 na yi zazzafar muhawara a kan gidan yanar gizon OpenDemocracy.net tare da Held game da batun Saif's PhD, inda na yi iƙirarin hangen nesa na Held na sake fasalin tsarin mulkin duniya wani tunani ne mai jan hankali.)
A cikin wata dabara ta LSE na yau da kullun, a nan ne aka gudanar da gabatar da mutumin da aka zaɓa don ba da Lacca na Tunawa da Ralph Miliband na 2009: "Na san Saif a matsayin wanda ke kallon dimokuradiyya, ƙungiyoyin jama'a da kyawawan dabi'u masu sassaucin ra'ayi a matsayin tushen wahayinsa."
Musamman rashin lafiya, wannan, tunda Miliband ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman masu ra'ayin gurguzu kuma tabo akan sunansa ta hanyar Saif ya dace da tabon ɗan ɗansa Ed a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Labour, yanzu da aka bayar da rahoton cewa yana rubuta ghostwriting. Kalaman da ke tafe na Miliband lad na falsafar siyasa.
Erik Ringmar, wanda yanzu ke Jami'ar Shanghai Jiaotong, amma wanda ya yi aiki tare da shi daga 2001 zuwa 2007 kuma wanda Held ya tilasta shi da kuma LSE. darekta, Anthony Giddens, don shigar da dalibar da ba ta cancanta ba kawai saboda tana da alaƙa da tsohon mataimakiyar Bill Clinton Sidney Blumenthal.
Ringmar ya ce: “An matsa mini in yi abubuwan da na ɗauka a matsayin rashin da’a. “Abubuwan da suka faru irin waɗannan sun sha faruwa a LSE. Matsalolinsu na baya-bayan nan ba su ba ni mamaki ba.”
Wace hanya ce ta ilimi: "Jagora a LSE sun fito fili sun yi dariya game da samun gudummawa daga Saif Gaddafi tun kafin a gwada shi don samun digiri na uku," London's Mai zaman kansa ranar Lahadi yanzu ya ruwaito. "Farfesa daya ne kawai a kasa da tsohon darakta Sir Howard Davies, wanda ya yi murabus a watan da ya gabata saboda badakalar alaka da jami'ar ta Libya, suna tsammanin neman agaji."
A cikin kasida ta Saif, "Gudunwar Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a a Dimokraɗiyya na Cibiyoyin Gudanar da Mulki na Duniya," ya bayyana ra'ayinsa: "daidaitacce mai sassaucin ra'ayi a matsayin manufa ta siyasa wanda 'yanci shine haƙƙin daidaikun mutane kuma gwamnati mai adalci dole ne ta kare 'yancin ɗan adam a cikinta. tsarin mulki da dokoki."
Don haka Saif ya tuna cewa tsohon layin da ya gaji: "Mai ra'ayin mazan jiya shine mai sassaucin ra'ayi wanda aka kama shi kuma mai sassaucin ra'ayi mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ne wanda aka kama."
Ya kamata a hada kai da iyalan Gaddafin da 'yan dimokaradiyyar Libya suka yi a duk fadin nahiyar, domin kamar yadda Muammar ya fada wa firaministan Italiya Silvio Berlusconi a fili watanni shida da suka wuce, Libya ta yarda (a farashi mai tsada) ta yi wa masu adawa da Euro, ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa babu wani dan Afirka. ya isa gabar tekun Italiya: “Ba mu san abin da za a yi na turawa farare da kiristoci da ke fuskantar wannan kwararowar ‘yan Afirka masu fama da yunwa da jahilci ba. Ba mu sani ba ko Turai za ta ci gaba da kasancewa nahiya mai ci gaba da haɗin kai ko kuma za a lalata ta, kamar yadda ya faru da mamaya na barbariya.”
Wannan ma'aikaci na $1000 na sojojin haya na Afirka a kowace rana, wanda a lokuta da yawa ya yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukar Sarkin Zulu Goodwill Zwelethini zuwa yaƙin neman zaɓensa na karɓe shi a matsayin 'Sarkin Afirka' (kamar yadda ya yi da sauran sarakunan da ba su da tabbas), a bayyane yake azzalumi ne wanda ba shi da kwarin gwiwa a ƙasa. - sama da duniya.
Duk da haka dan Takaddun karatun PhD na Saif ya ba da misali ga tsarin “tsari uku na duniya wanda ya haɗa da ƙungiyoyin farar hula da ɓangarorin kasuwanci a matsayin membobin jefa ƙuri'a a cikin tsarin yanke shawara tsakanin gwamnatoci a cikin tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, cibiyoyin Bretton Woods, Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya da sauran sauran duniya. hukumomin gwamnati.”
A hakikanin gaskiya, mafi yawan wadannan cibiyoyi suna da rugujewa kamar na Gaddafi idan ana batun manufofin dimokuradiyya, kungiyoyin farar hula da adalci na zamantakewa, ba tare da fatan samun sauyi ba da aka baiwa G8 daular da kuma yanzu G20 abokan hadin gwiwa da masu bin tsarin mulki.
Amma duk da haka ba tare da la'akari da cewa ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na kasa da kasa galibi suna shiga cikin rugujewar yanayin zamantakewar al'umma a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyin jama'a da yawa ba, ƙa'idar Saif ta nemi "fatawar ƙungiyoyin farar hula don tasowa daga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun }ungiyoyin jama'a. -making Tsarin” wanda kuma zai samar da “tsari masu adalci, masu fa’ida a duk duniya.”
A taƙaice, Saif's labarin butulci ne na ban dariya. Gaskiyar ita ce shawarwarin sake fasalin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na cibiyoyi da yawa sun gaza a duniya baki daya. Shaidar goyon bayan Saif ta fito ne daga jami’an kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kawai: “Kashi 88 sun yi imanin cewa shiga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a cikin kungiyoyin gwamnatocin kasa da kasa (IGOs) na iya haifar da mafi kyawun yanke shawara na IGO, yana mai nuni da manyan dalilan da suka sa za su iya dimokaradiyyar IGO ta hanyar bayyana ra’ayoyin masu zaman kansu. da jama'a masu rauni da kuma yin tambayoyi masu wuya" (sic).
Littafin banal Saif, ba tare da abun ciki ba shine cikakken ci gaba na shawarwarin dimokuradiyya na Held, babu komai. siyasa, kawai m. Babban mai binciken digirin digiri na waje na wannan takarce, Lord Meghnad Desai - tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar Labour (kamar yadda yake tafiya daidai a farkon 1990s), wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Gudanar da Gudanar da Duniya ta LSE kuma mai tallata Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya kamar yadda ake zargi da goyon bayan Duniya ta uku. – Da farko ya mayar da martani ga tuhume-tuhumen da ake yi na satar fasaha tare da sifa mai mahimmanci: “Ba na tsammanin akwai wani dalili na tunanin bai yi shi da kansa ba… Wannan yana wuce gona da iri da pudding. Mutumin nan [Saif] ya isa mugun hali, ba sai ka kara da cewa shi ma dan fashi ne!”
Eh kuna yi, sai ya zama, bayan bincike na asali ya nuna an kwafi da liƙa, ba tare da ma'anar cewa Ƙungiyar Kula da Haɗin Kan Harvard ta Boston ba - wanda gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ita ma ta yi hayar don tsara manufofin tattalin arziƙin Neoliberal - ya yi binciken farko na yin hira. zuwa ga jiga-jigan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da na IGO.
Da wani bangare na tuba bayan ƴan kwanaki, Desai ta rubuta a ciki The Guardian, "Bayan da harsasai suka fara yawo a Libya ne aka gudanar da binciken bincikensa ta yanar gizo, inda aka gano cewa Gaddafi ya yi magudi. Haka kuma babu wanda har sai lokacin da ya nuna adawa da samun tallafi daga gidauniyar Gaddafi ta LSE.”
Bugu da ƙari, ba gaskiya ba, Marigayi farfesa na LSE Fred Halliday ya yi kakkausar suka ga shirin Held's Libya, inda ya rubuta a cikin wata wasika ga watan Oktoba na 2009 zuwa ga majalisar gudanarwa na makarantar, "Na sha bayyana ra'ayi game da haɗin gwiwa na ilimi da kuma kudade da kasar." Ɗaya daga cikin dalili shi ne, Saif yana sake amfani da kuɗaɗen da ba su da kyau waɗanda "sun fito ne daga 'yan kasuwa na kasashen waje da ke son yin kasuwanci, watau karbar kwangila, don aiki a Libya, mafi yawa a cikin masana'antun man fetur da gas."
Halliday ya kammala, bayan muhawara mai yawa tare da Held, "Libya ba ta samu wani gagarumin ci gaba ba wajen kare haƙƙin 'yan ƙasa, ko ma'aikatan bakin haure da 'yan gudun hijira, kuma ta kasance ƙasa da ke ƙarƙashin ɓangarorin sirri, masu cin hanci da rashawa."
Dangane da Saif, "a Libya, kamar yadda a cikin jihohi irin su Masar, Saudi Arabia, Iran babban aikin irin wadannan masu sassaucin ra'ayi ba shine samar da sauyi ba, amma don cimma matsaya tare da masu tsaurin ra'ayi na cikin gida wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage matsin lamba na waje. Don haka ya kasance, tun 2002, tare da shirye-shiryen Libya daban-daban da suka shafi LSE da kafa manufofin ketare na Burtaniya / Amurka gabaɗaya.
Wannan shi ne yadda za a fi fahimtar amfani da cin zarafin Saif na ƙungiyoyin jama'a: a matsayin sulhu na ɗan lokaci tare da dabbancin Libya wanda, yanzu ya karu da yuwuwar 'yanci, da sauri ya zubar da fatarsa mai sassaucin ra'ayi da na London.
(Patrick Bond ya dogara ne a Cibiyar Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a: http://ccs.ukzn.ac.za.)