A kan tuƙi na cikakken rana ta kwarin Urdun a ƙarshen watan da ya gabata, mun zarce birni mafi tsufa a duniya da wurin zama mafi ƙasƙanci, mita 400 ƙasa da matakin teku. Tsawon shekaru 10,000, mutane suna rayuwa a gefen kogin da ke raba Yammacin Kogin Jordan da Kogin Jordan na yau.
Tun daga shekarar 1967 kogin ya kasance yana karuwa da jinin Falasdinawa, gumi da hawaye, yana ƙarewa a cikin Tekun Gishiri, wanda babu ruwa daga cikinsa, sai kawai ya kwashe. Lamurra sun tabarbare a lokacin da Isra'ila ke kwace kasa, yayin da daga kololuwar mutane sama da 300,000 da ke zaune a yammacin kogin, matsugunin ya kori Falasdinawa 'yan gudun hijira zuwa Jordan da sauran sassan Yammacin Kogin Jordan. Kwarin yana da kasa da Falasdinawa 60,000 a yau.
Amma suna ratayewa. "Kasancewa shine tsayayya," in ji Fathi Ikdeirat, Ajiye Kogin Jordan
(http://www.jordanvalleysolidarity.org) fitaccen mai ba da shawara na cibiyar sadarwa (kuma mai haɗa sabon littafi mai ban sha'awa mai suna iri ɗaya, kyauta don saukar da intanet: http://www.maan-ctr.org/pdfs/exit.pdf). A cikin babban gudun kan manyan tituna, Ikdeirat ya zagaya tsakanin shingayen binciken Isra'ila, ta mashigar Bedouin a cikin hamada mai kurar kura, inda al'ummomin da ake zalunta ke samun rayuwa daga busasshiyar kasa.
Kimanin mil ɗari kaɗan daga irin waɗannan ƙauyuka, kamar ƙauyen Afirka ta Kudu farar fata da ke zana kan aikin baƙar fata masu arha, suna tsaye wasu daga cikin matsugunan Isra'ila 120 waɗanda tun farkon shekarun 1970 suka mamaye Yammacin Kogin Jordan. Satar da ta fi yin illa ita ce ta ruwan Falasdinawa, domin da zarar manoma suka taru daga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na gida da maɓuɓɓugar tsaunuka don samar da tafkunan da ke ciyar da amfanin gonakinsu, a yau fasa bututun da Isra’ila ke yi na gonakin noma na barin ƙasar ’yan asalin ƙasar ta lalace.
Daga kyawawan gidaje na maharan a cikin tsaunuka na bishiyu masu koren lawn, najasar da ba a kula da ita ba ta shiga yankunan Falasdinawa. Mazauna Isra'ila mafi muni sun kaddamar da hare-hare ta zahiri kan Falasdinawa, tare da lalata gidajensu da gine-ginen gonaki - kuma a makon da ya gabata ma wani masallaci a Beit Fajjar, kusa da Baitalami.
Zirin Gaza ya sha wahala sosai. Isra'ila ta yi watsi da aikin 'Operation Cast Lead'
tashin bama-bamai da mamayewa a farkon 2009, 1400 galibi mutuwar farar hula, amfani da farin phosphorous, kashe-kashen siyasa da kuma kawanyar da aka yi wa kawanya ne ke haifar da zullumi. Masu fafutukar hadin kai na kasa da kasa - ciki har da tawagar Yahudawa a watan da ya gabata - an kai musu mummunan hari (an kashe Turkawa tara a watan Mayu) ko kuma aka kama su yayin da suke kokarin jigilar jiragen ruwa zuwa Gaza da kayayyakin agajin gaggawa.
Kamar yadda Ikdeirat ya nuna, zaluncin kogin Jordan ya bayyana a matsayin mai dorewa, domin Netanyahu ya sha alwashin a watan Fabrairun wannan shekara ba zai taba mika wannan fili ga masu mallakar kasar ba. A kan hanyarmu ta komawa Ramallah don gudanar da taron ilimi, Ikdeirat ya kalli ƙasarsa ta asali daga tsaunukan yamma, ya kuma zayyana babban gwagwarmayar yaƙi da magudin siyasa, kwace filaye, mulkin tsiraru, aikin yara Falasɗinawa a gonakin Isra'ila da sauran manyan zalunci na tarihi.
Idan aka yi la’akari da irin raunin da ke tattare da rugujewar siyasar Falasdinu - Hamas da ke kewaye da Gaza da Fatah a Yammacin Gabar Kogin Jordan da aka mamaye, da kuma gwamnatin da ba ta da goyon bayan Amurka da Isra’ila da Fatah a Ramallah karkashin jagorancin firaministan neoliberal (da tsohon bankin duniya/IMF). Salam Fayyad – wannan fafutuka ce da kawai kungiyoyin farar hula masu ci gaba suka bayyana a shirye suke don yin yaki yadda ya kamata.
Don kwatanta yuwuwar, ƙungiyoyin Falasɗinawa 170 ne suka ƙaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe na 'Boycott, Divest, Sanction' (BDS) shekaru biyar da suka wuce, suna dagewa kan janye matsugunan Isra'ila ba bisa ƙa'ida ba (buƙatar da aka samu a Zirin Gaza a 2005), ƙarshen Yamma. Mamaya na Bankuna da kewayen Gaza, dakatar da manufofin nuna wariyar launin fata ga Falasdinawa miliyan da rabi da ke zaune a cikin Isra'ila, da amincewa da 'yancin Falasdinawa na komawa gidajen da aka yi tun a shekara ta 1948 lokacin da aka kafa kasar Isra'ila.
Ƙungiyoyin BDS sun sami kwarin gwiwa daga yadda muka kawar da wariyar launin fata: intifadah na cikin gida daga ƙauyuka da ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci, haɗe da takunkumin kuɗi wanda a tsakiyar 1985 ya kai kololuwa saboda wani abin da ya faru a Zauren birnin Durban. A ranar 15 ga watan Agusta na wannan shekarar, shugaban mulkin wariyar launin fata PW Botha ya yi jawabi ga jam'iyyar Natal National Party da kuma jama'ar duniya miliyan 200 da aka watsa ta talabijin, tare da maƙarƙashiyar 'Rubicon Speech' wanda ke nuna sanannen umarnin karkatar da yatsa, "Kada ku matsa mana da nisa."
Ita ce tutar ja mafi haske ga bijimin mu na yaƙi da wariyar launin fata. Nan da nan yayin da zanga-zangar ta sake komawa, masu ba da lamuni na kasa da kasa na Pretoria sun tsorata - wadanda ke fuskantar matsin lamba a cikin watannin da suka gabata - sun fara kiran lamuni da wuri. Da yake fuskantar gudu a kan babban bankin SA Reserve, Botha ya gaza kan dala biliyan 13 na biyan bashin da ke zuwa, ya rufe kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari da kuma sanya takunkumin musaya a farkon Satumba.
A cikin 'yan kwanaki, manyan 'yan kasuwa masu magana da Ingilishi Gavin Relly, Zac de Beer da Tony Bloom sun fara wargaza dangantakarsu ta shekaru da yawa tare da masu wariyar launin fata na Pretoria, sun gana da shugabannin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Afirka a Lusaka, kuma sun ƙaddamar da canjin yanayi wanda zai 'yantar da Afirka ta Kudu daga launin fata. albeit not class) apartheid kasa da shekaru tara.
Ka tuna cewa a cikin shekaru takwas da suka gabata, Rev Leon Sullivan, mai wa'azin Philadelphia kuma memba na hukumar General Motors ne ya yi ƙoƙari marar amfani don yaudarar canji wanda 'Sullivan Principles' ya yi nufin ba da damar 'yan ƙasa da yawa a cikin wariyar launin fata SA su ci gaba da kasancewa muddin sun kasance marasa wariyar launin fata. a cikin ayyukan aiki.
Amma kamfanonin sun biya haraji ga wariyar launin fata kuma sun ba da tallafi mai mahimmanci na kayan aiki da alaƙar kasuwanci. Don haka ƙoƙarin Sullivan ya yi yawa, kamar yadda Archbishop Desmond Tutu ya faɗa, don goge sarƙoƙin wariyar launin fata. A duk faɗin duniya, suna yin la'akari daga cikin United Democratic Front, masu fafutuka cikin hikima sun yi watsi da yunƙurin Sullivan da kuma na ANC mai kula da harkokin waje (daga baya shugaban ƙasa) Thabo Mbeki na rufe matakin takunkumin da wuri.
Ƙungiyoyin farar hula sun ƙaddamar da BDS masu adawa da wariyar launin fata ko da lokacin da FW DeKlerk ya ba da gyare-gyare, kamar 'yantar da Nelson Mandela da kuma haramtawa jam'iyyun siyasa a watan Fabrairun 1990. Sabbin lamuni na banki zuwa Pretoria don dalilai na ci gaba' yan gwagwarmaya sun ƙi, kuma an yi barazanar
An yi: gwamnatin ANC mai zuwa za ta yi kasa a gwiwa.
Sai kawai ta hanyar fusing kasa-up matsin lamba tare da sama-saukar kasa da kasa delegitimization na farin mulki da karshe shinge da aka share domin farko free zabe, a kan Afrilu 27 1994.
An fara wani abu makamancin haka a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, yayin da hadin kan kasashen duniya da Falasdinawan suka dade suna samun ci gaba, yayin da tattaunawar zaman lafiya ta rashin imani ta Benjamin Netanyahu tare da hadin gwiwar shugaban hukumar Falasdinu Mahmoud Abbas ba ta kai ko'ina ba. Amma duk da haka idan wani sayar da ba da daɗewa ba, yana bin yarjejeniyar Oslo ta 1993, za mu iya tsammanin tashin hankali a cikin ayyukan BDS, yana jawo hankali ga mahimman buƙatun 'yanci guda uku: na farko, girmamawa, karewa da inganta 'yancin dawowar duk 'yan gudun hijirar Falasdinu; Na biyu, kawo karshen mamayar da ake yi wa daukacin kasashen Palasdinu da Larabawa; na uku, amincewa da cikakken daidaito ga al'ummar Falasdinu na Isra'ila.
Abbas da Fayyad sun tabbata za su dunkule a kan dukkan wadannan ka’idoji, don haka tuni kungiyoyin farar hula suka fara ja da baya. Kauracewa cibiyoyin Isra'ila shine dabarun juriya na farko na rashin tashin hankali.
BDS, in ji Omar Barghouti na Kamfen ɗin Falasɗinawa don Kauracewa Ilimi da Al'adu na Isra'ila (http://www.pacbi.org), “ya kasance mafi kyawun ɗabi’a, salon gwagwarmaya ba tare da tashin hankali ba, wanda zai iya kawar da azzalumi daga zaluncinsa, ta yadda zai ba da damar zaman tare na gaskiya, daidaito, adalci da zaman lafiya mai dorewa. Afirka ta Kudu ta tabbatar da karfi da yuwuwar irin wannan juriyar jama'a."
Don fiye da malaman Afirka ta Kudu 250 (tare da Tutu) waɗanda suka sanya hannu kan takardar koke na BDS a watan da ya gabata, abin da ya faru nan da nan shine Jami'ar Ben Gurion (BGU). A lokacin wariyar launin fata, Jami'ar Johannesburg (UJ, wacce ake kira Rand Afrikaans University) ta kafa yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna.
(MOU) don musayar kimiyya tare da BGU, wanda ya fito don sabuntawa a Majalisar Dattijai ta UJ a ranar 29 ga Satumba (bayanan suna a http://www.ujpetition.com/).
Wataƙila rashin ba da shawarar da Mandela ya yi na karɓar digiri na girmamawa daga BGU, sanarwar Majalisar Dattijai ta UJ ba ta kasance mai goyon bayan Falasdinu gabaɗaya ba, domin ta inganta fantasy: sake fasalin dangantakar Isra'ila da Falasdinu na iya haifar da 'hankali'. Shades na Sullivan yana ba da ikon kansa, don ƙoƙarin yin shawarwari tsakanin sojojin wariyar launin fata da dimokuradiyya.
A gefe guda, Majalisar Dattijai ta UJ ta amince da cewa BGU "tana goyon bayan sojoji da sojojin Isra'ila, musamman a mamaya na Gaza" - ta hanyar ba da kudi ga daliban da suka shiga cikin ajiyar soja don tallafawa Operation Cast Lead, domin misali. Don godiyarta, Majalisar Dattijan UJ ta amince da cewa "ya kamata mu dauki jagoranci kan wannan lamarin daga cibiyoyin tsarawa tsakanin al'ummar Palasdinu."
A gefe guda kuma, a cikin nuna girman kai na tunanin haɗin kai mai ma'ana, malaman majalisar dattijai na UJ - wadanda yawancin su ne masu rike da mulkin wariyar launin fata - sun yanke shawarar "gyara MOU don hada daya ko fiye da jami'o'in Falasdinu da aka zaba bisa ga yarjejeniya tsakanin su. BGU da UJ."
Fat dama. Sanarwar UJ ta manta cewa jami'o'in Falasdinawa a yau sune masu tallata BDS. Hatta Jami'ar Quds, wacce a tarihi tana da kusanci sosai (wanda har sai da Operation Cast Lead ya karfafa hadin gwiwa tsakanin Falasdinu da Isra'ila), ya karya sarkar a farkon shekarar 2009, saboda "Karewar hadin gwiwar ilimi yana da niyya, da farko, matsawa Isra'ila lamba a bi hanyar da za ta kawo karshen mamaya, mafita da ake bukata tun da dadewa kuma kasashen duniya suka daina bukata."
Mutumin da ke da alhakin daidaita kudurin Majalisar Dattawan UJ da siyasar Gabas ta Tsakiya shine Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban UJ Adam Habib. A shekara ta 2001 ya kafa Cibiyar Jama'ar Jama'a ta Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal, kuma ya jagoranci ayyukan bincike na ci gaba da bunkasa canjin zamantakewa. An dakatar da Habib shiga Amurka daga 2006-10, saboda laifukan da ya aikata na kasancewarsa musulmi da kuma yin magana a wata zanga-zangar kin jinin yaki da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2003, kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne mafi hazaka kuma mai sharhi kan harkokin siyasa a Afirka ta Kudu a yau.
Duk da haka, Habib ya yi babban kuskure, lokacin da yake faɗin kwanan nan: "Mun yi imani da sulhu… Muna so mu haɗu da BGU da jami'o'in Falasdinu don samar da haɗin kai wanda zai amfanar kowa."
Hatta babban karfin lallashin Habib zai gaza, idan yana fatan sahyoniyawan masu sassaucin ra'ayi su amince da hakkin Falasdinawa na cin gashin kansu da kuma wajibcin da Isra'ila ke da shi na bin dokokin kasa da kasa. Da yake rubutawa a jaridar Haaretz a farkon Oktoba, jami'in BGU David Newman ya yi bikin jawabin Habib kuma a lokaci guda ya yi gardama, ba tare da la'akari da shari'ar Afirka ta Kudu ba), "Kauracewa ba ya yin wani abu don inganta muradun zaman lafiya, 'yancin ɗan adam ko - in al'amarin Isra'ila - ƙarshen mamaya."
(Duk da haka har ma Cibiyar Reut Reut ta Isra'ila ta amince da ikon BDS, yana jayayya a cikin Fabrairu 2010 cewa "Cibiyar Delegitimization tana da nufin maye gurbin tsarin Sahayoniya tare da jihar da ta dogara da ka'idar 'mutum daya, kuri'a daya' ta hanyar mayar da Isra'ila a matsayin kasa ta pariah" da kuma cewa "rahoton Goldstone wanda ya binciki Operation Cast Lead" ya haifar da "rikici a cikin rukunan tsaron Isra'ila… Isra'ila ba ta da amsa mai tasiri.")
Habib ya cancanci mafi kyau fiye da matsayin Leon Sullivan na ƙarshen zamani yana haɗa kai tare da irin su Newman, kuma ina fata ya canza ra'ayinsa game da 'hulɗa' tare da Zionism.
Bayan haka, a shekarar da ta gabata na shaida yunkurin yin wani abu makamancin haka, wanda ya shafi Habib da BGU. A lokacin Operation Cast Lead da kuma sanya wa kewaye, Habib, Dennis Brutus, Walden Bello, Alan Fowler da ni (ba su yi nasara ba) sun yi kokarin shawo kan abokan aikinsu biyu - Jan Aart Scholte na Jami'ar Warwick da Jackie Smith na Notre Dame - don girmama su. BDS da ƙi gayyata magana mai mahimmanci zuwa taron 'bangare na uku' na Isra'ila (http://web.bgu.ac.il/NR/rdonlyres/E6905E1E-6760-4E01-9BB2-D9161225BF97/0/ICTR_0209_En.pdf).
BGU ya ƙi ƙara ra'ayoyin Falasɗinawa (shawarwari daga Habib), kuma darasin da na koya cikin sauri ba ƙoƙari na shiga ba, a maimakon haka inganta ƙauracewa cibiyoyi masu ƙa'ida. A yau kamar wancan, abin da Habib ya manta da shi shi ne fayyace ma’anar da Barghouti ya yi game da alakar mulki: “Duk wata alaka da ke tsakanin masu hankali a kan rarrabuwar kawuna, dole ne a yi niyya, ta wata hanya ko wata, don kawo karshen zalunci, ba watsi da shi ko kubuta daga gare ta ba. Daga nan ne kawai tattaunawa ta gaskiya za ta iya tasowa, ta haka ne za a iya samun damar yin hadin gwiwa ta gaskiya ta hanyar tattaunawa."
Girman goyon bayan 'yantar da Falasdinawa ta hanyar BDS yana tunatar da ƙananan matakai amma tabbatattun matakai zuwa ga cikakken kauracewa wasannin yaƙi da wariyar launin fata, al'adu, ilimi da tattalin arziƙin da Brutus ya yi a kan ƙungiyoyin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu fiye da shekaru arba'in da suka gabata. A yau, waɗannan su ne kawai kusoshi na farko da muke shiga cikin akwatin gawa na mulkin Sahayoniya - a cikin haɗin kai tare da mutanen da ke da kowane dalili na yaƙi da kayan aikin da mu a Afirka ta Kudu da alfahari: ba tashin hankali amma da karfi mai karfi.
(Bond, masanin tattalin arziki a Durban, ya kasance baƙon kwanan nan a Falasdinu bisa gayyatar jami'ar Birzeit da ke Ramallah.)