An yaba da kulla huldar diflomasiyya tsakanin Amurka da Cuba a matsayin wani lamari mai matukar muhimmanci a tarihi. Mai ba da labari John Lee Anderson, wanda ya yi rubuce-rubuce a hankali game da yankin, ya taƙaita ra'ayi na gaba ɗaya tsakanin masana masu sassaucin ra'ayi lokacin da ya rubuta, a cikin New Yorker, cewa:
Barack Obama ya nuna cewa zai iya yin aiki a matsayin dan siyasa mai dimbin tarihi. Don haka, a wannan lokacin, yana da Raúl Castro. Ga Cubans, wannan lokacin zai kasance mai ban sha'awa da kuma canji na tarihi. Dangantakar su da attajirai, makwabciyar Arewacin Amurka ta kasance daskarewa a cikin shekaru sha tara da sittin har tsawon shekaru hamsin. A zahirin gaskiya, an daskare makomarsu su ma. Ga Amurkawa, wannan ma yana da mahimmanci. Aminci tare da Cuba yana mayar da mu na ɗan lokaci zuwa wancan lokacin zinariya lokacin da Amurka ta kasance ƙaunatacciyar al'umma a duk faɗin duniya, lokacin da matashi kuma kyakkyawa JFK ya kasance a ofishin - kafin Vietnam, kafin Allende, kafin Iraki da duk sauran matsalolin - kuma ya ba mu damar. mu yi alfahari da kanmu domin a ƙarshe mun yi abin da ya dace.”
Abubuwan da suka gabata ba su da kyau kamar yadda ake nuna shi a cikin hoton Camelot mai tsayi. JFK bai kasance "kafin Vietnam" - ko ma kafin Allende da Iraq, amma bari mu ajiye wancan gefe. A Vietnam, lokacin da JFK ya shiga ofis zaluncin gwamnatin Diem da Amurka ta sanya a karshe ya haifar da juriya na cikin gida wanda ba za ta iya sarrafawa ba. Don haka Kennedy ya fuskanci abin da ya kira "haurin kai daga ciki," "cin zarafi na cikin gida" a cikin jumla mai ban sha'awa da Jakadan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Adlai Stevenson ya fi so.
Don haka Kennedy nan da nan ya kara kaimi ga shiga tsakani na Amurka zuwa ga wuce gona da iri, inda ya umurci sojojin saman Amurka da su kai bama-bamai a Kudancin Vietnam (a karkashin alamar Kudancin Vietnam, wanda ba ya yaudarar kowa), ya ba da izinin yakin napalm da sinadarai don lalata amfanin gona da dabbobi, da kuma kaddamar da shirye-shiryen korar manoma. zuwa sansanonin tattara bayanai don "kare su" daga 'yan ta'addar da Washington ta san galibi suna tallafawa.
A shekara ta 1963, rahotanni daga ƙasa sun yi kama da cewa yakin Kennedy yana samun nasara, amma matsala mai tsanani ta taso. A watan Agusta gwamnatin ta samu labarin cewa gwamnatin Diem na neman tattaunawa da Arewa domin kawo karshen rikicin.
Idan da JFK yana da ‘yar niyya ta janyewa, da hakan ya zama cikakkiyar dama ta yin hakan cikin alheri, ba tare da tsadar siyasa ba, har ma da iƙirarin, a cikin salon da aka saba, cewa ƙarfin ƙarfin Amurka ne da kariyar kariyar yanci wanda ya tilasta wa Arewacin Vietnamese. mika wuya. Maimakon haka, Washington ta goyi bayan juyin mulkin soja don shigar da manyan hafsoshin sojan da suka fi dacewa da ainihin alkawurran JFK; An kashe Shugaba Diem da dan uwansa a cikin wannan tsari. Tare da nasara a bayyane, Kennedy ya yarda da shawarar da Sakataren Tsaro Robert McNamara ya yi na fara janye sojojin (NSAM 263), amma tare da wani muhimmin tsari: Bayan Nasara. Kennedy ya ci gaba da wannan bukata har sai an kashe shi bayan 'yan makonni. An ƙirƙira ruɗi da yawa game da waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru, amma suna rushewa da sauri a ƙarƙashin nauyin rikodi mai wadata.
Labarin a wani wuri kuma bai kasance mai ban mamaki ba kamar yadda yake a cikin tatsuniyoyi na Camelot. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin yanke shawara na Kennedy shine a cikin 1962, lokacin da ya canza aikin soja na Latin Amurka daga "kariya na duniya" - mai riƙewa daga yakin duniya na biyu - zuwa "tsaro na cikin gida," wani la'anar yaki da abokan gaba na gida. , yawan jama'a. Charles Maechling ne ya bayyana sakamakon, wanda ya jagoranci yaki da ta'addanci da tsare-tsare na cikin gida na Amurka daga 1961 zuwa 1966. Ya rubuta cewa Kennedy ya yanke shawarar sauya manufofin Amurka daga jurewa "wani zalunci da rashin tausayi na sojojin Latin Amurka" zuwa "haɗa kai kai tsaye" laifuffukan da suka aikata, ga goyon bayan Amurka ga “hanyoyin rundunonin halakar Heinrich Himmler.” Wadanda ba su gwammace abin da kwararre kan huldar kasa da kasa Michael Glennon ya kira "jahilci da gangan" na iya cika cikakkun bayanai cikin sauki.
A Cuba, Kennedy ya gaji manufofin Eisenhower na takunkumi da tsare-tsare na yau da kullun na kifar da mulkin, kuma cikin sauri ya tsananta su tare da mamaye Bay of Pigs. Rashin nasarar mamayewa ya haifar da kusa da damuwa a Washington. A taron majalisar ministocin farko bayan mamayewar da bai yi nasara ba, yanayin ya kasance "kusan tsaurin rai," in ji Karamin Sakatariyar Harkokin Wajen Amurka Chester Bowles a asirce: "akwai kusan martani ga shirin aiki." Kennedy ya fayyace abin da ya faru a cikin furucinsa na jama’a: “Al’ummomi masu son rai, masu son kai, masu taushin hali na gab da sharewa da tarkacen tarihi. Mai ƙarfi ne kawai… za su iya rayuwa,” ya gaya wa ƙasar, kodayake tana sane, kamar yadda ya faɗa a asirce, cewa abokan haɗin gwiwa “suna tunanin cewa an ɗan rage mana hauka” kan batun Cuba. Ba tare da dalili ba.
Ayyukan Kennedy gaskiya ne ga maganarsa. Ya kaddamar da yakin ta'addanci na kisan kai wanda aka tsara don kawo "ta'addancin duniya" zuwa Cuba - masanin tarihi kuma mai ba da shawara Kennedy Arthur Schlesinger, yana nufin aikin da shugaban ya ba wa ɗan'uwansa Robert Kennedy a matsayin fifikonsa. Baya ga kashe dubban mutane tare da halaka mai yawa, ta'addancin da ke faruwa a duniya shi ne babban abin da ya kai duniya ga gamuwa da yakin nukiliya, kamar yadda guraben karatu na baya-bayan nan suka nuna. Hukumar ta ci gaba da kai hare-haren ta'addanci da zarar rikicin makami mai linzami ya lafa.
Hanyar da za a bi don guje wa batun mara daɗi ita ce kiyaye makircin kisan gillar da CIA ta yi wa Castro, suna izgili da wautarsu. Sun wanzu, amma sun kasance ɗan ƙaramin bayani game da yakin ta'addancin da 'yan'uwan Kennedy suka kaddamar bayan gazawar da suka yi a Bay of Pigs, yakin da ke da wuyar daidaitawa a tarihin ta'addanci na duniya.
Yanzu dai ana tafka muhawara kan ko ya kamata a cire Cuba daga cikin jerin kasashen da ke goyon bayan ta'addanci. Yana iya tuna da kalmomin Tacitus kawai cewa "laifi da zarar an fallasa ba shi da mafaka sai dai cikin ƙarfin hali." Sai dai ba a fallasa ta, saboda “cin amanar masu hankali”.
Lokacin da ya hau mulki bayan kisan gillar, Shugaba Johnson ya sassauta ta'addanci, wanda duk da haka ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarun 1990. Amma bai kusa barin Cuba ta tsira cikin kwanciyar hankali ba. Ya bayyana wa Sanata Fulbright cewa duk da cewa "Ba zan shiga wata yarjejeniya ta Bay of Pigs ba," yana son shawara game da "abin da ya kamata mu yi don tsinke goro fiye da yadda muke yi." Da yake tsokaci, masanin tarihi na Latin Amurka Lars Schoultz ya lura cewa “Tunkin goro ya kasance manufar Amurka tun daga lokacin.”
Wasu, tabbas, sun ji cewa irin waɗannan hanyoyin ba su isa ba, alal misali, memba na majalisar ministocin Nixon Alexander Haig, wanda ya nemi shugaban kasa ya ba ni kalmar kawai kuma zan mai da wannan tsibirin ya zama wurin ajiye motoci. ” Ƙwararriyarsa ta kama ɓacin rai na dogon lokaci na shugabannin Amurka game da "Jamhuriyar Cuban da ke cikin jiki," kalmar Theodore Roosevelt yayin da ya fusata a kan rashin amincewar Cuban na yarda da yakin Amurka na 1898 don toshe 'yantar su daga Spain da kuma mayar da su zuwa cikin 'yanci. mulkin mallaka na kama-da-wane. Tabbas hawan da ya yi a San Juan Hill ya kasance cikin kyakkyawan dalili (wanda aka manta da shi, galibi, bataliyoyin Amurkawa na Afirka ne ke da alhakin cin nasarar tudun).
Masanin tarihin Cuba Louis Pérez ya rubuta cewa shiga tsakani na Amurka, wanda aka yaba a gida a matsayin taimakon agaji don 'yantar da Cuba, ya cimma ainihin manufofinsa: "Yaƙin Cuban na 'yanci ya rikide ya zama yakin Amurka," "Yaƙin Spain da Amurka" a cikin nomenclature na daular, wanda aka ƙera don ɓoye nasarar Cuban da mamayewar ya rushe cikin sauri. Sakamakon ya kawar da damuwar Amirkawa game da "abin da ya zama abin ƙyama ga dukan masu tsara manufofin Arewacin Amirka tun bayan Thomas Jefferson - 'yancin kai na Cuba."
Yadda abubuwa suka canza cikin ƙarni biyu.
An yi yunƙurin inganta dangantaka a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, wanda William LeoGrande da Peter Kornbluh suka yi nazari dalla-dalla a cikin cikakken bincikensu na baya-bayan nan, Back Channel zuwa Cuba. Ko ya kamata mu ji "alfahari game da kanmu" don matakan da Obama ya ɗauka ana iya yin muhawara, amma "abin da ya dace," duk da cewa takunkumin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin rashin biyayya ga dukan duniya (Isra'ila ban da) kuma yawon shakatawa ne. har yanzu hana. A cikin jawabin da ya yi wa al'ummar kasar da ke sanar da sabuwar manufar, shugaban ya bayyana karara cewa ta wani bangaren kuma, za a ci gaba da ci gaba da hukunta kasar Cuba bisa kin amincewa da bukatar Amurka da kuma tashe-tashen hankula, inda ya yi ta maimaituwa kan dalilan da ba za a iya cewa komai ba.
Abin da ya dace a kula, akwai kalaman shugaban, kamar haka:
Cikin alfahari, Amurka ta goyi bayan dimokiradiyya da 'yancin ɗan adam a Cuba cikin waɗannan shekaru hamsin. Mun yi haka da farko ta hanyar manufofin da ke da nufin ware tsibirin, tare da hana tafiye-tafiye mafi mahimmanci da kasuwancin da Amurkawa za su iya morewa a ko'ina. Kuma duk da cewa wannan manufar ta samo asali ne da kyakkyawar niyya, amma babu wata al'umma da ta bi mu wajen kakaba wa wannan takunkumin, kuma ba ta da wani tasiri da ya wuce samar wa gwamnatin Cuban dalili na takurawa al'ummarta ... A yau, ina mai gaskiya ga ka. Ba za mu taba goge tarihin da ke tsakaninmu ba.
Dole ne mutum ya yi sha'awar irin wannan furuci mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya sake tunawa da kalmomin Tacitus. Tabbas Obama bai san ainihin tarihin ba, wanda ya hada da yakin ta'addanci na kisan kai da kuma takunkumin tattalin arziki na abin kunya, har ma da mamayar da sojoji suka yi a Kudu maso Gabashin Cuba sama da karni, ciki har da babbar tashar jiragen ruwa, duk da bukatar da gwamnati ta yi tun bayan samun 'yancin kai na mayar da abin da ya faru. An sace shi da bindiga - manufar da ta dace kawai ta hanyar sadaukarwar da aka yi na toshe ci gaban tattalin arzikin Cuba. Idan aka kwatanta, mamayewar da Putin ya yi a Crimea ba bisa ka'ida ba ya yi kama da mara kyau. Sadaukar da kai ga ramuwar gayya kan 'yan Cuban da ke adawa da mamayar Amurka ya wuce gona da iri, har ma ya yi watsi da fatan bangarori masu karfi na 'yan kasuwa don daidaitawa - magunguna, kasuwancin noma, makamashi - wani sabon ci gaba a manufofin kasashen waje na Amurka. Manufofin zalunci da zalunci na Washington sun kusan ware Amurka a cikin duniya tare da haifar da raini da ba'a a duk duniya. Washington da abokan huldarta suna son yin kamar suna "kebe" Cuba, kamar yadda Obama ya fada, amma rikodin ya nuna a fili cewa Amurka ce ke ware, watakila shine dalilin farko na canjin bangare.
Babu shakka ra'ayin cikin gida shi ma wani abu ne a cikin "tashi na tarihi" na Obama - ko da yake jama'a, ba tare da la'akari ba, sun goyi bayan daidaitawa na dogon lokaci. Wani binciken jin ra'ayin jama'a na CNN a 2014 ya nuna cewa kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu ne kawai na Amurkawa a yanzu suna ɗaukar Cuba a matsayin babbar barazana ga Amurka, idan aka kwatanta da sama da kashi biyu cikin uku na shekaru talatin da suka gabata, lokacin da shugaba Reagan ke yin gargaɗi game da babbar barazana ga rayuwarmu da 'yan tawayen suka yi. Babban birnin nutmeg na duniya (Grenada) da sojojin Nicaragua, kwanaki biyu kacal suka yi tafiya daga Texas. Tare da tsoro yanzu ya ɗan ragu, wataƙila za mu ɗan ɗan sassauta faɗakarwarmu.
A cikin babban sharhin da aka yi kan matakin na Obama, babban jigon shi ne, yunƙurin da Washington ta yi na samar da dimokuradiyya da 'yancin ɗan adam ga Cuban da ke fama da wahala, wanda kawai 'yan ci-rani na CIA suka yi, ya ci tura. Ba a cim ma manyan manufofinmu ba, don haka canji mai wuyar gaske yana cikin tsari.
Shin manufofin sun gaza? Wannan ya dogara da abin da burin ya kasance. Amsar a bayyane take a cikin rikodin shirin. Barazanar Cuban ita ce wadda aka saba da ita wacce ta shiga tarihin yakin cacar baka, tare da magabata da yawa. Gwamnatin Kennedy mai shigowa ce ta bayyana shi a fili. Babban abin damuwa shi ne cewa Cuba na iya zama “kwayar cuta” wacce za ta “yaɗa yaɗuwa,” don aron sharuɗɗan Kissinger don daidaitaccen jigon, yana nufin Allende's Chile. An gane hakan nan take.
Da niyyar mayar da hankali kan Latin Amurka, kafin ya hau kan karagar mulki Kennedy ya kafa Ofishin Jakadancin Latin Amurka, karkashin jagorancin Arthur Schlesinger, wanda ya ba da rahoton sakamakonsa ga shugaban mai jiran gado. Ofishin Jakadancin ya yi kashedin game da ra'ayin 'yan Latin Amurkawa ga "ra'ayin Castro na ɗaukar al'amura a hannun mutum," wani babban haɗari, kamar yadda Schlesinger daga baya ya fayyace, lokacin da "Rarraba filaye da sauran nau'o'in dukiyar ƙasa yana ba da fifiko ga azuzuwan masu mallakar… [da] Talakawa da marasa galihu, waɗanda misalin juyin juya halin Cuba ya ƙarfafa su, yanzu suna neman dama don rayuwa mai kyau."
Schlesinger yana sake nanata kukan Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka John Foster Dulles, wanda ya koka da Shugaba Eisenhower game da hadarin da "Communists" na cikin gida ke tattare da su, wadanda ke da ikon "mallakar ƙungiyoyin jama'a," wani fa'ida mara adalci da ba mu da ikon yin hakan. kwafi.” Dalili kuwa shi ne “Malakawa su ne suke roƙon su kuma sun kasance suna son su wawashe masu hannu da shuni. Yana da wuya a shawo kan mutanen baya da jahilai su bi ka’idarmu cewa masu kudi su wawashe talaka.
Wasu sun yi karin haske kan gargadin Schlesinger. A cikin Yuli 1961, CIA ta ba da rahoton cewa "Babban tasirin 'Castroism' ba aikin ikon Cuba bane ... Inuwar Castro tana da girma saboda yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a duk Latin Amurka yana kiran adawa ga ikon mulki da kuma karfafa tayar da hankali don canji mai mahimmanci," domin wanda Cuban Castro ya samar da abin koyi. Majalisar tsare-tsare ta Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta kara da cewa, "Babban hadarin da muke fuskanta a Castro shi ne ... a cikin tasirin da wanzuwar mulkinsa ke da shi a kan 'yan adawa a yawancin kasashen Latin Amurka ... Amurka, sabani na dukkan manufofin mu na duniya na kusan karni daya da rabi," tun lokacin da ka'idar Monroe ta ayyana aniyar Amurka ta mamaye duniya. A sauƙaƙe, ɗan tarihi Thomas Paterson ya lura, “Cuba, a matsayin alama da gaskiya, ta ƙalubalanci mulkin Amurka a Latin Amurka.”
Hanyar magance kwayar cutar da za ta iya yaduwa ita ce kashe kwayar cutar da kuma allurar da wadanda suka kamu da cutar. Wannan manufar mai hankali ita ce kawai abin da Washington ta bi, kuma dangane da manufofinta na farko, manufar ta yi nasara sosai. Cuba ta tsira, amma ba tare da ikon cimma abin da ake tsoro ba. Kuma yankin ya kasance "an lullube" da mugayen mulkin kama-karya na soji don hana yaduwa, wanda ya fara da juyin mulkin soja da Kennedy ya yi wanda ya kafa ta'addancin Tsaro na kasa da tsarin azabtarwa a Brazil jim kadan bayan kisan Kennedy, an gaishe da babbar sha'awa a Washington. Janar-Janar din sun yi "taurin kai na dimokradiyya," Ambasada Lincoln Gordon ya kori gida. Juyin juya halin ya kasance "babban nasara ga duniya mai 'yanci," wanda ya hana "cikakkiyar asara ga yammacin duk Jamhuriyar Kudancin Amirka" kuma ya kamata "samar da ingantaccen yanayi don zuba jari masu zaman kansu." Wannan juyin juya halin dimokuradiyya shine "nasarar 'yanci daya tilo a tsakiyar karni na ashirin," Gordon ya rike, "daya daga cikin manyan sauyi a tarihin duniya" a wannan lokacin, wanda ya kawar da abin da Washington ke gani a matsayin Castro clone.
Daga nan sai annobar ta bazu ko'ina cikin nahiyar, inda ta kai ga yakin 'yan ta'adda na Reagan a Amurka ta tsakiya, daga karshe kuma an kashe wasu manyan masanan Latin Amurka guda shida, limaman kiristoci Jesuit, da wata babbar bataliya ta Salvadoran ta yi, sabo da sabunta horo a Makarantar Yaki ta Musamman ta JFK da ke Fort Bragg. bin umarnin babban kwamandan rundunar na kashe su tare da duk wani shedu, mai gidansu da diyarta. An yi bikin cika shekaru 25 na kisan gilla, wanda aka yi ta tunawa da shirun da aka saba ganin ya dace da laifuffukanmu.
Haka lamarin ya kasance game da yakin Vietnam, wanda kuma aka yi la'akari da kasawa da cin nasara. Vietnam da kanta ba ta da wata damuwa ta musamman, amma kamar yadda rikodin bayanan ya nuna, Washington ta damu da cewa samun nasarar ci gaba mai zaman kanta na iya yaduwa a cikin yankin, har zuwa Indonesia, tare da albarkatu masu yawa, kuma watakila har zuwa Japan - "superdomino" kamar yadda masanin tarihin Asiya John Dower ya bayyana - wanda zai iya ɗaukar zuwa Gabashin Asiya mai cin gashin kansa, ya zama cibiyar masana'antu da fasaha, mai zaman kanta daga ikon Amurka, a zahiri yana gina Sabon oda a Asiya. {Asar Amirka ba ta shirya yin asarar lokacin yakin duniya na biyu na Pacific a farkon shekarun 1950 ba, don haka ta juya da sauri don tallafa wa yakin Faransa don sake dawo da mulkin mallaka na da, sannan kuma ga mummunan abin da ya faru, ya karu sosai lokacin da Kennedy ya karbi mulki. daga baya da magabatansa.
Vietnam ta kusan halaka: ba zai zama abin koyi ga kowa ba. Kuma yankin ya sami kariya ta hanyar kafa mulkin kama-karya na kisan kai, kamar yadda a cikin Latin Amurka a cikin shekaru guda - ba dabi'a ba ne cewa manufofin daular ya kamata su bi irin wannan layi a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Babban lamarin shine Indonesiya, wanda juyin mulkin Suharto na 1965 ya kare shi daga yaduwa, "kisan jama'a mai ban mamaki" kamar yadda New York Times ya bayyana shi daidai, yayin da yake shiga cikin farin ciki na gabaɗaya game da "hasken haske a Asiya" (marubuci mai sassaucin ra'ayi James. Reston). A baya, Kennedy-Johnson mai ba da shawara kan Tsaro na kasa McGeorge Bundy ya gane cewa "kokarinmu" a Vietnam ya "yi yawa" bayan 1965, tare da Indonesiya lafiya.
An kwatanta yakin Vietnam a matsayin gazawa, cin kashi na Amurka. A hakikanin gaskiya nasara ce ta wani bangare. Amurka ba ta cimma babban burinta na mayar da Vietnam cikin Philippines ba, amma an shawo kan manyan matsalolin, kamar na Cuba. Irin waɗannan sakamakon saboda haka suna la'akari da shan kashi, gazawa, yanke shawara mai ban tsoro
Tunanin daular yana da ban mamaki a gani. Da kyar wata rana ta wuce ba tare da sabbin misalai ba. Za mu iya ƙara yanayin sabon "tsarin tarihi" akan Cuba, da liyafarta, zuwa jerin fitattun.
5 comments
Ban tabbata cewa “virus” na kunshe da 100% ba. Misalin Cuban ya ci gaba da kasancewa, duk da babbar barnar Amurka, tare da wasu nasarori na gaske, don taimakawa kwarin guiwar canjin Latin Amurka da ya bar a wannan karni.
Ni duk na goyi bayan maido da dangantaka - a zahiri, fara samun kyakkyawar dangantaka - da Cuba. Amma wani ɓangare na dalilin fara dangantakar diflomasiyya shine cewa tsoffin manufofin "ba su yi aiki ba." Neo-cons da neo-libs ba su da ikon canzawa. Akwai yiyuwar Amurka za ta ci gaba da yi wa gwamnatin Cuba zagon kasa tare da hambarar da gwamnatin kasar, amma ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban. Shi ne wanda mu, shi ne abin da muke yi. Kuma da zarar wannan ya faru, Cuban za su kasance mafi muni a gare shi. Babu sauran tabbacin ilimin kiwon lafiya. Babu sauran hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa.
Ina tsammanin yana da kyau a lura cewa jim kadan bayan canjin manufofin Obama game da Cuba ya sanya hannu kan Dokar Kariya ta Rasha ta 2014 ta zama doka. Daga cikin sabbin matakan da ake dauka na sabar a kan Rasha sun hada da karin takunkumin tattalin arziki da kuma taimakon dala miliyan 350 na taimakon soja ga Ukraine. Yaƙi don sabon daya?
Yawancin masu fafutuka da masu shiryawa da nake aiki tare da IMHO waɗanda yakamata su sani har yanzu suna haɓaka Kennedy a matsayin wani nau'in abin koyi don "zaman lafiya". Sakamakon rashin fahimtarsu daga kamfen ɗin farfagandar JFK mai nasara Chomsky ya bayyana a wani wuri da ya fi nasara fiye da ƙoƙarin da aka yi na Reagan. Abu ne mai ban haushi kuma a ƙarshe yana ƙarfafa ra'ayin 'yan Democrat a matsayin masu tallata madadin, manufofin harkokin waje na Amurka. Ina matukar godiya da kokarin da Chomsky ya yi don taimaka mana mu karyata wadannan rudu masu sassaucin ra'ayi.
Ee, tunanin daular yana da ban mamaki a gani., musamman game da Cuba. Duk da shawarar mai tarihi da hikima da Obama ya dauka na maido da daidaita huldar dangantaka da Cuba da sassauta takunkumin karya doka da rashin da'a da aka kakabawa Cuba, har yanzu takunkumin na ci gaba da mamaye Guantanamo ba bisa ka'ida ba, sansanin sojojin Amurka, a kudu maso gabashin Cuba wanda ya zama na haramtacciyar hanya. karara da cin zarafi na cin mutuncin Cuba da mutuncin yankinsa. Don haka, wannan ci gaba ne na koyarwar Monroe na mulkin mallaka da hegemonic wanda har yanzu ke cutar da dangantakarmu ta diflomasiya, siyasa, tattalin arziki, al'adu, da ruhi da Latin Amurka wanda dole ne mu yi kowane abu don gyara da wuri-wuri.