Justin Podur
Ngo-Ephreli 11, i-2002,
uMongameli okhethiwe waseVenezuela, uHugo Chavez, waketulwa empini
ukuketula umbuso. Ukuketula umbuso kwaqala ngesiteleka esibizwa ngebhizinisi kanye nabezindaba
umkhankaso ngokumelene noChavez. Ababhikishi bamashele esigodlweni sikamongameli futhi,
ngokusho kofakazi bokuzibonela abambalwa, badubulana noChavez
abasekeli nabanyeโmhlawumbe iningi labasekeli bakaChavezโbabulawa. Amalungu e
amasosha athi uChavez uyalele amasosha ukuthi avulele ngenhlamvu kumuntu ongahlomile
umbhikisho futhi wasebenzisa lokhu njengezaba zokuyalela ukuba aboshwe. Abaholi bokuketula umbuso
usabalalise amahlebezi okuthi uChavez wesulile ekubeni yena engazange asule, futhi naye
wabe eseboshwa.
I-the united states
waphika ngokushesha ukuthi kube nokuketulwa umbuso, ngesikhathi esifanayo ekuphika lokho
babengahlangene nakho. Umongameli obambele uPedro Carmona,
yahlakaza iSishayamthetho Sikazwelonke kanye neNkantolo Ephakeme, yathembisa ukhetho olusha a
ngonyaka.
Ohulumeni
yaseMexico, Argentina, Peru, naseCuba yenqaba ukuqaphela iCarmona
uhulumeni. Kuqhume imibhikisho kaPro-Chavez. Ababhikishi bathathe a
isiteshi sikamabonakude esikhulu, sizungeze isigodlo sikamongameli, kanye nezingxenye ze
amasosha ayesathembekile kuChavez aqala ukuhlangana. Ababonisi abaningi
babulawa ngesikhathi bexabana namaphoyisa. NgeSonto, Ephreli 14, 2002, uChavez wayesebuyile
emandleni. Wethula inkulumo ngeSonto ntambama lapho athe ngeke kube khona
"ukuzingela abathakathi" ngokumelene nabaphikisayo nokuthi labo abahlela ukuketula umbuso babeyoba
ukujeziswa, kodwa ngokomthetho.
Condoleeza Rice
wokuphatha uBush uthe unethemba lokuthi uChavez usifundile isifundo
nokuthi "uzohlonipha izinqubo zomthethosisekelo" futhi athathe ithuba loku
โkulungile umkhumbi wakhe.โ Uma kubhekwa ukuthi wakhethwa ngokomthethosisekelo nokuthi i-U.S.
yayisekele (futhi ngokunokwenzeka yasiza ekuletheni) ubushiqela bamahora angu-24, lokhu
kwakuwukubonakaliswa okuphawulekayo kokuzenzisa, ngisho nangezindinganiso zoMnyango Wezwe.
Uhlelo lukaChavez,
"Uguquko lwaseBolivia," lufuna ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zezwe ukuze
ukuhlomula kwabantu bezwe. U-Chavez usize ukuvuselela i-OPEC, okuholele ekutheni a
ukunyuka kwentengo kawoyela. Inqubomgomo yakhe yangaphandle yayihlanganisa ubudlelwano obuseduze neCuba
kanye nobudlelwano bezokuxhumana nezitha zase-US ezifana ne-Iraq neLibya. Waqala
izinhlelo zokubuyiselwa komhlaba, zalungisa uhlelo lwentela, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali kwanda kwezempilo
kanye nemfundo. Lezi yizinhlobo zezinqubomgomo i-U.S. ehlala iphikisana nazo futhi
ujezisa ngobudlova.
Ngosuku olulandelayo
Ukukhishwa Umagazini we-Z uthole i-imeyili evela kwabanye abasebenzi eChavez
uhulumeni, ebuza ukuthi singabaxoxisana yini. Babevikeleke kakhulu
izinkathazo, kodwa ngesikhathi ekugcineni sixhumana nabo, uhulumeni wabo wayesenjalo
emuva emandleni futhi bangasinika amagama abo. Temir Porras Ponceleon kanye
UMaximilien Arvelaiz waqashwa emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuketula umbuso ukuze asebenze njengoChavez
abeluleki bobudlelwano nabezindaba. UTemir Porras unikeze i-akhawunti yofakazi bokuzibonela
ukuketula umbuso kanye ne-counter-up, kanye nesizinda esithile "seBoli-varian Revolution."
JUSTIN PODUR:
Ubani owenze ukuketula umbuso nokuthi amasosha alwa noChavez anokusekela kangakanani
inani labantu?
I-TEMIR PORRAS: I
Ukuphikisana noChavez kuwumbimbi lwamaqembu asabela kakhulu emphakathini.
Bamelene nezinguquko zezenhlalo, ezombusazwe, nezomnotho. Abaphikisayo bane-a
isisekelo ekilasini eliphezulu nephezulu-eliphakathi.
Kukhona ezimbalwa
izinto okufanele uziqonde, nokho, mayelana nezinguquko esikhuluma ngazo
mayelana nezinga lokuphikisa esikhuluma ngakho. Ake sithathe nje
amazinga ayisisekelo ezintela nezinkonzo zikahulumeni. Uma ubheka eYurophu, kuphi
ohulumeni be-neoliberal bayabusa, lapho behlise khona izintela kanye nomphakathi
ukusetshenziswa kwemali, khona-ke amazwe amaningi e-neoliberal eYurophu afana ne-USSR uma kuqhathaniswa
I-Venezuela mayelana nentela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali emphakathini. Izinguquko Chavez
ukuphakamisa ukuthi akuyibeki iVenezuela ngisho nasengxenyeni yamazinga entela e-United
Izwe.
Ngakho lezi zimbi kakhulu
izinguquko ezincane futhi bahlangabezane nokwenqaba okuhlelekile ngokuphelele ngabaphikisi. I
ukwenqaba, yiqiniso, ngoba bamele ukulahlekelwa, kodwa kukhona futhi isiko
ingxenye. Okusho ukuthi, uChavez umnyama, ungowomdabu, ukhuluma no
abantu. Lokho futhi kuyinto ama-elite angakwazi ukuma.
Kungani enza
ukuketula umbuso kwehlulekile?
Ngokwengxenye, ngoba
webutho. Ibutho iningi labantu. Ngabantu abampofu. Akuyona i
ibutho elakhiwe izicukuthwane. Bambalwa kakhulu abantu embuthweni abaqhamuka khona
isizinda esicebileโamaphesenti angu-60 ezwe ampofu futhi lokho kubonakala kuwo
ibutho. Ngenxa yalokho, ubushiqela abukwazanga ukunqoba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-tactical
amaphutha abawenzile, uhlelo lwabo lwalucacile kangangokuthi abakwazanga ukulithola
ukuqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele.
Kwakuyini
lamaphutha amaqhinga?
ICarmona
uhulumeni wayeyisiphukuphuku futhi enonya, kangangokuthi baze bahlukanisa ibutho cishe
ngokushesha. Uhulumeni kaCarmona uhlakaze iSishayamthetho Sikazwelonke. Bona
yahlakaza iNkantolo Ephakeme. Bawuhlakaza uMthethosisekelo bathembisa ukuthi bazokwenza njalo
ibuyisele onyakeni ngokhetho olusha. Babophe ohulumeni abaningi
ongqongqoshe ngaphandle kwamacala, besebenzisa amaphoyisa kamasipala. Bacindezela
ababhikishi ngesihluku.
Ngokushesha
waqala ukushushisa noma ubani ngokuthambekela "kweBolivarian". Baqala umkhankaso
ukwenza abantu baseBolivia babe yicala futhi bazokwenza izinto ezifana nokuthatha izincwadi
kuhulumeni wakwaChavez futhi sikubonise njengobufakazi benhloso yobugebengu. Konke lokhu
emahoreni angu-24 okuqala. Imeya eyodwa, uLeopoldo Lopez, ubize uChavez ngesigebengu
ithelevishini.
Bakwenza konke
phambi kwamakhamera, ukuze wonke umuntu akwazi ukubuka kumabonakude. Kwaba njalo
kusobala ukuthi babezoba yinhlekelele, ngokushesha, kangangokuthi babengakwazi
ukubusa.
Uyacabanga
ukuthi umnyakazo wakho usesimweni esingcono noma esibi kakhulu sokwenza izinguquko zakho?
Ngicabanga ukuthi sesingenile
isikhundla esingcono. Sisendaweni ephakeme, ngokuziphatha, manje. Abaphikisayo baye
zaziveza futhi azikhohliwe ngokuphelele futhi zihlukanisiwe manje. I-U.S. ayikwazi
bathi uChavez ungundlovukayiphikiswa. Njengoba kubi njengoba befuna ukuba abe, akayena
umashiqela.
Ngiqinisekile
lokhu ngokomlando akukaze kwenzeke. Uyasikhumbula isigameko esisodwa sobushiqela
ukuketula umholi okhethwe ngokwentando yeningi bese kufanele ambuyisele
amandla, ukunqoba, phakathi namahora angu-24?
Ingabe i-
ukunyakaza kwenza noma yimaphi amaphutha, amaphutha akwenza ube sengozini yokuketula umbuso, lokho
wenze izinguquko zakho zibe sengozini?
Sasikhona
sengozini yokuketulwa umbuso ngezizathu eziningi. Okunye ukuthi besizethemba ngokweqile ngakho
ukungakwazi kanye nokuzihlukanisa kwabaphikisayo. Okunye ukuthi sasikhona
ukuzethemba ngokweqile ngobunye bebutho elisemva kwethu. Asizange simcabange uChavez
angaba senkingeni ngokushesha okungaka.
Ngethemba ukuthi ku
I-Chavez yesikhathi esizayo izogwema izingxabano ezingenamsebenzi, njengalokho ngophethiloli
inkampani, PDV. Sazehlukanisa nabantu okungenzeka basisekele,
ngalolo hlobo lwepolitiki. Into okumele yenziwe manje ukuqhubeka nezinguquko
futhi baqinisekise isimo sabo sentando yeningi, bagcine beqinile endleleni, futhi bagweme
izingxabano ezingenamsebenzi.
Kunezinye
ubuthakathaka, namandla, ekuhambeni. Ubuthakathaka obubodwa obusobala bungakanani
igxile kumuntu othakazelayo kaChavez. Ngethemba ukuthi singavuma
lokho. Okunye engithemba ukuthi singakuvuma ukuthi yonke le nhlangano yaseBolivarian
yintsha impela futhi inomlando oyingqayizivele. Ayinawo umlando omude we
ukuphikiswa ngendlela i-Worker's Party (PT) yaseBrazil enayo, isibonelo. Phakathi ku
ngomqondo, abaseBolivia banqoba ngaphambi kokudlula kuzo zonke lezi zinqubo zomzabalazo
kanye nenhlangano edumile. Manje sihlela sisuka esikhundleni sokuphatha. Ngiyethemba
asiyishalazeli inhlangano ngenxa yalokho.
Okunye futhi
umehluko phakathi kokunyakaza kweBolivarian kanye ne-PT yaseBrazil-futhi angiyena
โi-vanguardistโโkodwa ukunyakaza kwethu kusha futhi ngenxa yalokho sishoda
amakhono nobungoti. Sintula abantu abanemibono efana neyethu futhi abanayo
izinhlobo zamakhono okuphatha esiwadingayo. Ukulungisa lokhu kuwuhlelo lonke lwe
imfundo, ukwakheka, kanye nokwakha umnyakazo. Kuyinto uhlobo lwento eyenziwa yi-PT
eminyakeni yabo eminingi bephikisana.
Ngabe kukhona
ubuthakathaka emhlabeni jikelele obungalungiseka ukuze kuvinjwe lokhu
okwenzekayo?
Yebo. Kokunye
isandla, kwakukhona lobu buthakathaka bangaphakathi ekuhambeni kwethu. Ngokolunye uhlangothi,
sasintula isivikelo samazwe ngamazwe. Kunezizathu zalokhu, kodwa
umphumela uthi-kahle, ake ngikunike isibonelo. Asithathe Iphathi Yabasebenzi
I-Brazil futhi I-PT isemandleni e-Porto Alegre. IMeya yasePorto Alegre yenza
izinguquko kusabelomali sedolobhaโizinguquko ezinhleโkanye nokunyakaza komphakathi kwezwe
ihlombe. Angicabangi ukuthi siyalibona lelo zinga lokushayelwa ihlombe ngezinguquko ezenziwe
lonke leli zweโelingowesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngokukhiqiza uwoyela.
Kuyinto engavamile
isimo. UChavez ungomunye wabaholi abayizifanekiselo kakhulu Zomhlaba Wesithathu
namuhla. Uyisibonelo sokumelana ne-neoliberalism. Ungomunye, ngezindlela eziningi
wezibalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zenhlangano emelene nembulunga yonke. Kodwa ngiyacabanga
ukuthi ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule, ubengakwazi. Ipolitiki yakhe, ngaphandle kokuba nayo
abeluleki abavela ku-ATTAC [ingxenye eqinile yenhlangano emelene nembulunga yonke
Europe], iqukethe izinqubomgomo eziphakanyisiwe ze-ATTAC nezinye izindlela zokuthi
i-neoliberalism. Nokho ubengayazi i-ATTAC kuze kube muva nje futhi i-ATTAC ayizange ikhokhe kakhulu
naye amnake.
Ngokwengxenye, lokhu
ngenxa yemvelo yokunyakaza kweBolivarian. Kuyinto yabantu bangempela
ukunyakaza. Lokho kusho ukuthi akuyona i-inthanethi savvy kangako. Iningi lamalungu ayo alitholi
ku-inthanethi. Amalungu ayo amaningi akabazi abantu abafana noGaleano. Akuyona into ephelele,
ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwemibono ngalowo mqondo.
Kuyinto
ukunyakaza okuyiqiniso kwabantu abafundayo njengoba behamba, njengoba benza izinguquko.
Kungokomzwelo njengoba kungokwengqondo futhi lokhu kungamandla nobuthakathaka.
Akubona abantu abenza izinto ngoba incwadi ibatshela ukuthi bazenze.
Ngendlela Chavez
kunjalo futhi. Eclectic, curious, njalo eshintsha futhi efunda njengoba ehamba.
Cishe ungumguquli ongokwemvelo. Z
Justin
UPodur ungumfundi oneziqu zesayensi yezemvelo eNyuvesi yase
Toronto kanye nomhlaziyi we Umagazini we-Z kanye ne-ZNet. Bheka
I-Venezuela Buka ku-www.zmag.org/venezuela_ watch.htm.