Inhlolovo yokuguqulwa koMthethosisekelo eVenezuela yehlulekile, futhi uChavez, ngokungafani nabaphikisayo baseVenezuela, wakwamukela ngomusa ukuhlulwa. Umphumela omuhle kakhulu ubungaba ukunqoba okuncane kohlangothi lwe-"Si", futhi ukulahlekelwa kuzoba nemiphumela emibi yesifunda neyomhlaba jikelele. UMengameli waseColombia u-Uribe, esekelwa yi-US, sekunezinsuku ngaphambi kokuthi acekele phansi isivumelwano sokusiza abantu uChavez abezama ukusishintshanisa phakathi kukahulumeni waseColombia namavukelambuso e-FARC. I-US isemkhankasweni wokuxoxisana ngesivumelwano sohwebo lwamahhala nePeru. I-Canada, isebenzela inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US njengoba ivame ukwenza, izama ukuthola i-US isivumelwano sokuhweba samahhala neColombia ngomnyango ongemuva, ngokuxoxisana ngokwayo. Kukho konke lokhu, amabutho anenqubekela phambili kanye nosopolitiki abakhona emazweni afana ne-Ecuador, iBolivia, neBrazil, babheke eVenezuela ukuze bathole isiqondiso nokusekelwa kwezombusazwe. Umphumela wenhlolovo uzosiza i-US ukuthi ihlukanise la mabutho.
Kodwa, njengoba uChavez esho, impi ayikapheli futhi kukhona izinto ezinhle ezingaphuma kulokhu.
Imiphumela yenhlolovo: "Cha" uthole u-50.7% (4 504 351), "Yebo" uthole amavoti angu-49.2% (4 159 392). Ukunganaki kwakuphezulu kakhulu, ku-44.11%. Laba bavela ku-El Tiempo, iphephandaba laseColombia, futhi baqhamuka lapho kubalwa amavoti angama-97%.
Qaphela ukuthi izinto bezisondelene kangakanani. Ukwehlukana okujwayelekile eminyakeni edlule, okuhlanganisa nereferendamu ka-2004, kube ngamavoti acishe abe yizigidi ezi-5 noChavez kanye namavoti acishe abe yizigidi ezi-3.5. Kule nhlolovo, babalelwa ku-500 000 abavoti abashintshile futhi bavotela uChavez. Okhethweni lukamongameli lwangonyaka odlule, uChavez anqoba ngalo ngo-63% wabavoti, abavotile ngamaphesenti angama-30 kuphela. Abaningi abebevote noChavez bavotele ukugoba, kanti abanye bavotele ukuphikisa.
Amaqhinga ajwayelekile okwesaba kanye namaqhinga angcolile asetshenziswa abaphikisi nabaseMelika. Ukusabalala kolwazi olungaqondile, olusuka emcabangweni wokuthi uChavez uzovimba iziketi ezincane kuChavez ukuthi uzothatha izibulo lakho, bekugcwele yonke indawo. Kube neziteleka ezincane, izinsongo zokuketulwa umbuso okusha, nokunye ukuhlukumeza. Kodwa abaseBolivia babewanqobile lawo maqhinga esikhathini esidlule futhi abaningi babo base bevezwe isu lezindaba laseBolivarian elinamandla kunanini ngaphambili.
Ikuphi okuhle okungavela ngakho? Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezingenzeka eVenezuela, njengoba kungenakwenzeka, ukuthi ingenza i-socialism, ukubamba iqhaza okudumile, kanye nentando yeningi kubonakale njengezinto ezijwayelekile, izinketho ezijwayelekile umphakathi ongakhetha kuzo - uma kungenjalo kwabakhethekile noma e-US. , kubantu baseVenezuela naseLatin America. Esikhundleni salokho, ngaso sonke isikhathi uma kunenqubo yokhetho, kuba nokwehlukana, umuzwa wokuthi yonke iphrojekthi yoguquko isesilinganisweni, lonke ikusasa lisesilinganisweni futhi udlame lwama-imperialism lulenga phezulu, nokuthi ukuvota ngokumelene noChavez kuwukuhambisana nalokhu. reactionary impiriyali. Uma, esikhundleni salokho, leli voti lingabonakala ngendlela uChavez alethula ngayo, njengokuhlulwa kwesiphakamiso esithize "okwamanje" (enye yemisho yakhe edumile), esimweni senqubo eqhubekayo, lokho kungaba yinto enhle kakhulu. .
Kunobuthakathaka obubili obuhlobene ekuguquguqukeni kweVenezuela. Okokuqala ukungabikho kwabaholi ababonakala kakhulu abanephrofayili yethelevishini kazwelonke kanye nemibono yabo, abakuphiko likaChavez, okuyingxenye yenqubo yoguquko, kodwa lokho kungase kube neziphakamiso ezihluke kancane noma imibono yamasu. Lokhu yinto amavukelambuso ahlala enesikhathi esinzima ukuyikhiqiza - kuhlale kubukeka kugxile kumuntu oyedwa.
Inkinga yesibili ubunzima, obuphinde budalwe kakhulu yi-US kanye ne-imperialism, ekubeni nendawo yokungaboni ngaso linye ngaphakathi kwenqubo yoguquko. O, kuyiqiniso ukuthi amaBolivari abekezelela ngokumangalisayo ukuphikiswa, evumela inkulumo nezenzo ezimelene nohulumeni ebezingeke zibekezelelwe e-US noma eCanada. Okunzima kakhulu nokho, futhi okungacaci ukuthi kuzofezwa kanjani, wukuthi kube nenkulumo-mpikiswano phakathi kwenhlangano mayelana neziphakamiso ezithile ngaphandle kokuthi uhlangothi olulodwa noma olunye ludlulele kwabaphikisayo. Esimeni lapho iqembu eliphikisayo linabavoti ababalelwa ezigidini ezi-3.5, kanye namandla amakhulu emithombo yezindaba, uxhaso lwezimali lwakwamanye amazwe, futhi ekugcineni nokusekelwa kwezempi, lokho kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza. Kodwa lo mphumela wereferendamu ungasiza. Empeleni kungase kuhlukanise abavoti abaphikisayo, ngokubonisa ukuthi uChavez akayena umashiqela futhi uzimisele ukwamukela umphumela wentando yeningi, okuyinto amaqembu aphikisayo abengazimisele ukuyenza.
Esinye isizathu sokungaphelelwa yithemba ngalokhu kuhlulwa kungenxa yobuthakathaka benhlolovo uqobo. Iphutha elibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi bekuyinhlolovo ye-"omnibus", lapho abavoti bekufanele bamukele noma benqabe yonke iphakheji. Ezinye izingxenye zaleli phakheji zazijabulisa - ezinye izingxenye zazingaphansi.
Zintathu izinto ebezingithinta kunhlolovo, ukube bezizethulwe bona bengizoziphikisa. Lokhu kwaba ukususwa kwemikhawulo yesikhathi, (okuyinto encane kakhulu, uma kubhekwa izindawo eziningi zomhlaba ezingenawo), amandla kamongameli anda okuqoka nokususa izikhulu, kanye nemibandela yeminyaka eyi-7 (yokubili Ngingavotela ngokumelene nokuningi ngoba angasetshenziswa ngokumelene namaBolivarians esikhathini esizayo - ubani ofuna ukunamathela kuhulumeni wokuphendula ogunyaziwe iminyaka engu-7?). Kusukela ekukhuleni kwezenhlalakahle kuya ekwakhiweni kwamandla adumile, bekukuningi okuhle kakhulu futhi okujabulisayo ekuguqulweni komthethosisekelo, kodwa singakwazi kanjani ukuthi lezi 500,000 noma ngaphezulu ezishintshiwe azizange zishintshe lezi zindaba ezintathu? Ukusekelwa kwenqubo ye-Bolivarian kungase kujule kunokusekelwa kwale nhlolovo, futhi ukusekelwa okungase kube khona kuyo kukhulu nakakhulu (uma kubhekwa izinga eliphezulu lokuzithiba kanye nomphumela wokhetho lokugcina lukamongameli). Besihlale sazi ukuthi amaBolivari ayeyintando yeningi ezinhlangothini ezimbili zaseVenezuela. Ukwamukela lokhu kunqotshwa nokuqhubeka nenqubo nakanjani kukhombisa lokhu kwabaningi.
U-Justin Podur uphathe inhlolovo ka-2004 ye-ZNet yaseVenezuela futhi ubhala ngezindaba zaseColombia-Venezuela. Uzinze eToronto futhi angafinyelelwa ku- [i-imeyili ivikelwe].