Imibhikisho yase-Ukraine, eyaqubuka ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba 2013 kulandela ukwenqaba kukaMongameli uViktor Yanukovich isivumelwano sohwebo sase-Europe, ithole izindaba eziningi emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa ne- New York Times. Njengenjwayelo, for the NYT nezinye iziteshi eziningi zezindaba, yilokho okungcwatshwayo, noma okungashiwongo, okubalulekile lapho uqonda okwenzekayo. Nakuba isithombe esivame ukuvezwa yileso sokuhlubuka okudumile okuvukela inkohlakalo kanye nezikhathi ezinzima zomnotho, njengoba u-Max Fisher weWashington Post esanda kuveza esiqeshini sakhe esithi “Imibhikisho yase-Ukraine ibuyile. Nasi isizathu.,” iqiniso liyinkimbinkimbi kancane.
Selokhu kuqale imibhikisho, ingaphezu kuka-750 NYT ziye zakhuluma “ngemibhikisho yase-Ukraine.” Izindatshana eziyi-12 kuphela (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 futhi 12) baphinde bakhulume ngeqembu elithi "Svoboda", i-ultra-rightwing nationalist party enobudlelwane bomlando ne-fascism, i-white supremacist, ne-neo-Nazis-futhi abahamba phambili emibhikishweni kanye nezingxabano ezinobudlova namaphoyisa.
Ku-athikili 1, u-Oleh Kotsyuba, owathi NYT amanothi "uyikhandidethi likadokotela ngezilimi zesiSlavic nezincwadi e-Harvard kanye nomhleli we-inthanethi we-Krytyka, ijenali yobuhlakani e-Ukraine," ubhala ucezu olusitshela ukuthi kanjani, "Ngomhla zingama-21 ku-Nov., ebizwe ngokuthunyelwe ku-Facebook ngu- intatheli egama layo linguMustafa Nayem, abantu base-Ukraine abangaphezu kuka-1,500 babonakale e-Independence Square eKiev bezophikisana nesinqumo sikahulumeni wabo “sokumisa kancane” amalungiselelo okusayina isivumelwano senhlangano ne-European Union.” Futhi, uKotsyuba ubhala ukuthi, "uSvoboda, imiyalezo yakhe yobuzwe, ukucwasa kwabokufika, emelene nezihlakaniphi kanye nokucwasa abantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo ekhungathekise abantu base-Ukrainian abanomqondo waseYurophu esikhathini esidlule - bangene emibhikishweni kusenesikhathi."
Uma sibheka izithombe zemibhikisho phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokuvukela, igama elithi “okushunyekiwe” lingase libe nencazelo encane. Amafulege aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka naphuzi e-Svoboda awubukhona obubusayo. Lokhu kubonakala ku-Athikili 2, nezinye zezithombe NYT eshicilelwe, futhi okuphawulwe ukuthi phakathi kwamanye amaqembu ezepolitiki alwela amalungelo, "u-Oleg Tyagnibok we-Nationalist Svoboda Party, uhola umbutho wokubhikisha ngokubambisana nomfelandawonye wezishoshovu zomphakathi."
I-athikili yesi-3 ikhuluma kafushane ngo-Svoboda lapho isihloko sicaphuna isikhulu seqembu sithi, “Yimpi yokulwa,” futhi, “Noma ubani oyekayo kuqala, uyalahlekelwa.”
Njengomanduleli waso, i-Article 4 icwebezela i-Svoboda, nakuba isho ukuthi “osopolitiki bakwamanye amazwe […] basebenzise ithuba lengqungquthela yongqongqoshe ukuhlangana nabaholi bamaqembu aphikisayo,” okuhlanganisa “u-Oleg Tyagnybok, umholi weQembu le-Svoboda Party. ” “Isikhulu esiphezulu saseMelika” esishiwo endabeni asishiwo ngegama.
Futhi njenge-athikili 2, isithombe esihambisana nalesi sihloko sesine sihlanganisa imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi yeqembu elidume kabi lobuzwe:
Ku-Article 5 sifunda ngendlela uSvoboda adiliza ngayo isifanekiso sikaLenin ekuqaleni kukaDisemba 2013, nakuba lesi sihloko singaniki iqembu udumo. Nokho, iye yaphumela obala ngokuzigqaja ngokuzibophezela, okuyinto ephawula i-Article 6.
Isigaba sesi-7 siza cishe inyanga kuqale ukuvukela umbuso futhi iyindatshana yokuqala ukunikeza noma yimuphi umongo womlando nezepolitiki eqenjini le-Svoboda. I-NYT's U-Andrew Kramer ubhala ukuthi, "Iqembu lilandelela izimpande zalo ebuthweni leqembu lase-Ukraine leMpi Yezwe II, elalihlangene ngokukhululekile neJalimane lamaNazi," nokuthi, "Kuze kube ngu-2004, uSvoboda wayebizwa ngokuthi i-Social-Nationalist Party, okusho abagxeki. kwakuyigama nje elisuka ezifisweni zalo zangempela kanye nokubhekisela kwangamabomu kuNhlangano Yesizwe YamaNazi. Ama-neo-Nazi angajabhile asagcwele izinhlu zawo, kusho izinhlangano ezifunda ngamaqembu anenzondo eYurophu.”
I-athikili yesi-8 yincwadi evela ku-Mark Levin, umqondisi weqembu lamaJuda eWashington DC, exwayisa nge-anti-semitism kanye ne-xenophobia yeqembu le-Svoboda, kodwa uyehluleka ukuqaphela ukuthi u-Svoboda ungumgqugquzeli walokhu kuvukela u-Levin okufanayo.
Inyanga yokuthula ku-Svoboda idlula lapho u-Kramer ephakamisa i-Article 9, bese ecaphuna isikhulu seqembu le-Svoboda sisola uhulumeni ngokususa ingxabano. Kuze kube ngakusasa ku-Article 10 lapho kuphawulwa khona ukuthi “Imibhikisho Iyabulala,” nokuthi “abalandeli bakaSvoboda bebephakathi kwababhikishi abanonya kakhulu.”
I-Article 11 ikhuluma ngeqembu esimweni “sokukhala kokudumala kwabanye bababhikishi ababehlangene ukuzolalela abaholi ababili, owayengumpetha wesibhakela, u-Vitali Klitschko, ohola iqembu elibizwa nge-Ukraine Democratic Alliance for Reform, no-Oleg Tyagnibok, inhloko yeqembu lama-nationalist uSvoboda.”
Isihloko sokugcina esazisa abafundi: “Abanye bababhikishi abanolaka kakhulu abalandeli beqembu le-Nationalist Svoboda Party kanye nomholi walo, u-Oleg Tyagnibok.”
Kukhona okwengeziwe. Futhi kufihlwe kakhulu ku- NYT ukusabalala Svoboda yiqiniso ukuthi USenator wase-US kanye nalowo owayengenele ukhetho lukamongameli uJohn McCain baya e-Ukraine ngoDisemba ukuyokhuluma nababhikishi kanye nokuhlangana nomholi weSvoboda u-Oleg Tyagnibok.. Ngenkathi i NYT wakwazi ukubhekisela kuhambo lwamasenenja oluya eKiev, lapho ahlangana khona noMongameli uYanukovich, ezihlokweni ezimbili (1 futhi 2), futhi esiqeshini sombono esasibhekisela ekubeni kwakhe ekhuluma nababhikishi, asikho nesisodwa isihloko esikhuluma uSenator McCain ehlangane nabaholi bamaqembu aphikisayo, ikakhulukazi uTyagnibok, umholi weSvoboda. Ngenkathi abanye ku NYT angase acabange umhlangano kaMcCain nomholi weqembu elisezingeni eliphezulu NYT uvumile ukuthi kugcwele “ama-neo-Nazis” abengeyona indaba yezindaba, thina kwa-NYTX, nokho, sicabanga ukuthi lokhu bekuyizindaba.
Ezihlokweni ezingaphezu kuka-750 ezishicilelwe ku- New York Times selokhu kwaqala imibhikisho ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba kube nezihloko eziyi-12 kuphela ezikhulume nge-"Svoboda," iqembu lezepolitiki elixhumene namaNazi elihamba phambili emibhikishweni. Oyedwa kwabangu-1+ kuphela onikeze umongo womlando nezepolitiki kuleli qembu elinodlame lama-fascists. Akekho oshilo ukuthi uSenator uJohn McCain waya e-Ukraine ngenyanga edlule eyokhuluma nomholi wabo, u-Oleg Tyagnibok, nokukhuluma nombhikisho noTyagnibok eceleni kwakhe, njengoba enikeze isiqiniseko sokuthi uyameseka. Okuwukuphela kwezihloko ezimbili ezibonisa ipolitiki engathandeki ye-Svoboda, i-op-ed nencwadi, ayinikezeli ulwazi olubalulekile.
Okuwukuphela kokunye okubanzi okuhlanganisayo NYT enikeziwe ngeqembu kuza unyaka ngaphambi kokuvukela umbuso. NgoNovemba 2012, esihlokweni esithi “Ama-Ultranationalists ase-Ukraine Abonisa Amandla Amangalisayo Ekuvoteni,” sifunda ngendlela “u-Oleg Tyagnibok ayeyilungu lePhalamende lase-Ukraine, ozakwabo bamkhahlela ngayo ngenxa yenkulumo evuthayo lapho achaza indlela abase-Ukraine, phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, balwa ngayo ngesibindi namaMuscovites, amaJalimane, amaJuda ‘kanye nezinye izigwegwe,’ . wabe esesebenzisa amagama ahlambalazayo ukuze abhekisele 'kumafia amaJuda namaRussia, abusa e-Ukraine.' ”
Nakuba uMnu. Tyagnibok enikeza isikhala sokuphika abagxeki bakhe izikhalo nokukhathazeka, futhi athi “iSvoboda imane nje iyiqembu elisekela i-Ukraine. Futhi yilokho, ”kusho NYT i-athikili iyaphendula: “Yebo, bekungenjalo.”
Lesi sihloko sixwayisa ngokuthi uMnu. Tyagnibok “usebenzise umlayezo weqembu lakhe osekela i-Ukraine ukuze athole ukukhungatheka ngomnotho wezwe omile kanye nokudumala okwandayo,” nokuthi, “Abacwaningi abangochwepheshe kwezokweqisa bathi yithalente elihlanganyelwa abanye abaholi bamazwe akude. -amaqembu alungile futhi asizile ukuwafaka emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, kuhlanganise neHungary, Poland neRomania. " Khuluma ngokufanekisa.
Lolo hlobo lomongo, okhombisa i NYT ingalethwa, ibilahlekile ngezinga elikhulu ngesikhathi idingeka kakhulu: manje.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iChannel 4 News yase-UK, futhi njengesiqhathaniso, ayizange ililahle ibhola.
Ezihlokweni ezimbili bakwazile ukunikeza uhlobo lwesimo i NYT wehlulekile ukupha.
Maphakathi noZibandlela iChannel 4 yabika ukuthi “Iqembu elingakwesokudla enhliziyweni yemibhikisho yase-Ukraine lihlangana nelungu lephalamende laseMelika.” I-athikili ithi, "Imibhikisho iyaqhubeka enhlokodolobha yase-Ukraine ngemuva kokugunyazwa nguSenator wase-US uJohn McCain kodwa enhliziyweni yenhlangano e-Kiev ilele iqembu eliphikisayo elingakwesokudla elixhumene ne-BNP." Ku-Svoboda, i-Channel 4 yazisa abafundi bayo ukuthi, "Iqembu labhaliswa ngo-1995, ekuqaleni lalibizwa ngokuthi i-Social National Party yase-Ukraine futhi lisebenzisa ilogo yesitayela se-swastika."
Bese futhi kule nyanga nesiqephu sabo sakamuva, "I-Ukraine: ontamolukhuni besokudla basemoyeni wombhikisho 'wentando yeningi',” isikhungo sezindaba saseBrithani sithi “iqembu leSvoboda [li]bamba iqhaza eliphambili emzamweni nasemaqenjini amasosha ahola ezimpini zasemgwaqweni.”
Isiteshi 4 asisodwa. Umagazini wamasonto onke omdala kunayo yonke e-United States, i-The Nation, muva nje ubike ngokuthi “Ubuzwe base-Ukraine enhliziyweni ye-'Euromaidan '.” Intatheli ezinze eMoscow u-Alec Luhn ubhala ukuthi, “Izindaba zombhikisho bezigxile ekubizeni ukuhlanganiswa kweYurophu kanye nomzabalazo wokulwa nombuso wakwaYanukovich kubonakale kugqama kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwezinkulumo zobuzwe, ezivamise ukuba ne-chauvinist, okuholele odlameni hhayi emaphoyiseni kuphela, kodwa. futhi ngokumelene nezishoshovu zophiko lwesokunxele.”
Umholi wase-Ukraine okhethwe ngokwentando yeningi usehoxile esivumelwaneni sezohwebo ne-EU, i-Europe kanye ne-US abacasuke ngaso. Lokhu kwavusa ukucasuka nobudlova kwamaqembu aphikisayo ophiko lwesokudla—okukhona phakathi kwawo okuhlanganise nama-neo-Nazi ultra-nationalists abafuna ubuzwe bufakwe ohlwini lwamaphasipoti—nezixhumanisi eziya eNtshonalanga. Bazama ukuwisa uhulumeni. Okuvezwayo kwakamuva nje kukahulumeni waseYanukovich onikeza isivumelwano sokwabelana ngamandla, lapho abaphikisi benqaba.
Ngaphambi kokuthi umhlaba uthembele ekusakazweni kwemidiya okujwayelekile ukugqugquzela uguquko, okuyinto Forbes umagazini manje ubiza obala ukuthi iNtshonalanga ingenele ukuze isize ukubona (futhi phawula ukuthi abazihluphi ngisho nokukhuluma ngoSvoboda noma ipolitiki yabo ngenkathi bekhala izinyembezi zengwenya ngesiphetho se-Ukraine), mhlawumbe kufanele sibheke ukuze sibone ukuthi ubani osesikhundleni. inhliziyo yokuvukela eKiev, okungenzeka avale isikhala, futhi abuze: Ingabe isivumelwano sohwebo neNtshonalanga sifanele ukuvela kabusha kwe-fascism eYurophu?
Isibuyekezo (1/30/2014): Lesi sihloko sihlelwe ukuze sicacise futhi sigcizelele ukuthi ngenkathi i NYT ayiwubheki umhlangano kaMcCain nomholi weSvoboda u-Oleg Tyagnibok njengobalulekile wezindaba, i-NYTX iyakubheka.
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Nikela