Benghazi, Libya - Iziboshwa zase-Afrika zihleli ngodonga ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sezokuphepha esiphethwe amavukelambuso.
Umkhandlu ophikisayo ophethe empumalanga yeLibya ulethe izintatheli zakwamanye amazwe ukuthi zizobona ama-50 ase-Afrika nabaseLibya
kusolwa ukuthi ubelwela uMoammar Kadafi. (Isithombe nguLuis Sinco / Los Angeles Times)
Sekuphele cishe izinyanga ezimbili kwaqala impi yombango eLibya, kanti uGaddafi engakahlulwa kuyacaca ukuthi isahluko sakhe seNcwadi Yomlando sizophetha ngokuketulwa kwakhe. Njengoba i-US, iNtshonalanga neSaudi Arabia isekela obala amavukelambuso futhi ihlinzeka ngosizo lwezepolitiki nezempi kuyindaba nje yesikhathi kuze kube yilapho uhulumeni omusha ethatha izwe elinothe ngowoyela. Futhi njengoba lesi sahluko sisenamakhasi ambalwa asele kukhona ukusonteka nokujika okubonakala sengathi sekwaziwa, nakuba kungenakuchazwa kakhulu.
Kokunye, lokhu ngeke kuphele ngokuthi, โFuthi wonke umuntu waphila ngokujabula ngemva kwalokho.โ Ayikho indaba eyenzeka njalo. Futhi kubantu abamnyama base-Afrika eLibyaโnoma labo ababalekile noma abasabalekaโlokhu ngeke kusaba iqiniso. Yindaba yabo egcizelela usizi lwe-Arab Revolution. Kwabaningi, osekuqalile njengokuthuthela kwelinye izwe ukuthola umsebenzi ukuze bondle imindeni yabo, indaba etholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, isiphenduke inkinga yobuntu njengoba bebalekela ukuphepha kwabo.
ILibya, esenyakatho ne-Afrika, inabantu abaningi abangama-Arabhu. Iphinde ibe nenkinga yokucwasa ngokwebala. Ezweni elinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyisi-6 lapho ingxenye yesithathu yabo okungabantu abamnyama base-Afrikaโiqembu elicindezelwe kakhulu ezweniโkungaba okufanele ngokuphelele ukubuza: Kungani bengeyona ingxenye yokuhlubuka? Kungani lokhu "kukuvukela kwama-Arab"? Kuyamangaza kakhulu ukubona iqembu elicindezelwe kakhulu lingahlanganyeli nje kuphela noguquko kodwa libalekela ukwesaba. Omunye umbuzo othokozisayo uthi: Uma amavukelambuso edinga usizo lwakwamanye amazwe ukuze anqobe, futhi azivikele ekubulaweni kwabantu, pho kungani bengawuncengi umphakathi omnyama ukuba uhlanganyele emzabalazweni wabo wobumbano?
Sengike ngathintana nobuholi bamavukelambuso izikhathi ezimbalwa (kusukela mhla zingama-28 kuNdasa wezi-2011) manje ngibuza ukuthi ngabe banazo yini izinhloso zokukhuluma ngokumelene nokuhlukunyezwa kwabantu abamnyama base-Afrika futhi ngibabize ngokubambisana ukuba bajoyine uguquko lwabo, futhi kuze kube manje akayitholanga impendulo. Manje, i-Interim National Council (INC) isanda kukhipha izimemezelo mayelana nokuphathwa kwabo iziboshwa (olandele umbiko obucayi kakhulu we-Los Angeles Times okukhulunywe ngezansi) kanye Al-Obaidi, kodwa abakasho lutho ngosizi lwabafowabo nodadewabo abanebala elimnyama. Ngicabanga ukuthi kuwumbuzo ofanelekile ukubuza ukuthi kungani abaphikisi bamalungelo abantu bengabambeleli kubantu abamnyama; bangakhuluma ngokuqondile ngezinto ezesabekayo ezivakashelwe owesifazane ongum-Arab, kodwa kubonakala bengenakho kubo ukunamathela kwabamnyama.
Futhi ngenkathi ukucwasa kwama-Arabhu kwabamnyama eLibya akuyona into entsha akulona iphutha, njengoba sekushiwo, uGaddafiโoye wabonisa imikhuba yakhe yokucwasa ngokwebala njengoba enza lapho ezama ukunxenxa izwe ukuba limsekele ngokuthi uma ekhishwa esikhundleni โIYurophu izoba mnyamaโ ngoba nguye kuphela ongavimba izixuku ezimnyama ekuvimbezeleni kwazo enyakatho.
Intatheli u-Andrew Pervis ubeseLibya ngezikhathi eziningi zokuvukela umbuso nokugcina a idayari futhi ubhale phansi ukucwasa:
Ukucwaswa kwabamnyama eLibya okwasiza ekuqhubekiseleni phambili ukufuduka okukhona njengamanje kuyashaqisa. Emabhasini, akuvamile ukuthi abantu baseLibya abanesikhumba esikhanyayo behlise amafasitela njengoba umAfrika egibela ukuze 'akhiphe umoya' endaweni โฆ uhlobo lwehlaya. Abantu base-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara nabaseLibya abanebala elimnyama bakhokhiswa ngokweqile ezitolo, ngiyatshelwa. Emgwaqeni, zivame ukubizwa ngegama lesi-Arabhu elisho 'isigqila', abid. Amaqembu ezigelekeqe asaqhubeka nokuzulazula emigwaqweni eqondise kwabamnyama, entshontsha lokho anakho, eshaya noma yibaphi abamelana nawo. Kubantu abaziqhenyayo abeza eLibya bezothola imali yokondla imindeni yabo emakhaya, kuyihlazo elijulile. Ngenkathi abezindaba zombuso emasontweni ambalwa edlule bememezela ukuthi abantu abamnyama base-Afrika baqashwa njengamasosha embuthweni kaGhaddafi, wonke umphakathi wawazi ukuthi ukucwasa okucashile kwakusengozini yokuba i-pogrom ngakho abaningi bacasha noma babalekela emngceleni.
Lowo musho wokugcina ufanele ukucatshangelwa. Ukwesaba abamnyama abakuzwayo akuveli emabuthweni kaGaddafi kuphela kodwa nakumavukelambuso. Abacindezelwe bavame ukuba nomqondo ocacile wokuthi izinto zimiphiโukufaka isicathulo somuntu entanyeni kungaba nomphumela ofanayoโfuthi abantu abamnyama base-Afrika bayazi ukuthi ngokumemezela kukaGaddafi ukuthi uneโCoalition of the Willingโ yakhe ethi akubona abalandeli bakhe abamsekelayo. uzovakashela ukuhlukunyezwa kubo ukuze athole usizo lwamasosha amnyama angomakhelwane (okungukuthi "ama-mercenaries"), kodwa ama-Arabs ekuhlubukeni; ukwesaba okuye kwazalwa njengokusemthethweni.
Esikudingayo manje, cishe ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthi izintatheli eziningi ziye kubabaleki base-Egypt naseTunisia, ukuze zixoxisane nabamnyama base-Afrika ababaleka, futhi babhale izindaba zabo. Ngikusho lokhu ngoba uma sicabangela imiphumela yenqubo ye-propaganda kufanele silindele ukuthi indaba encane nepolitiki emelene noGaddafi izodlalwa kuyilapho ezinye izingxenye zendaba zizoshaywa indiva (ngakho-ke uma sinesifiso sokwazi yonke indaba lokhu kungabonakala ukuze ube ngowokuqala). I-UN isineqembu eLibya futhi babhala ngokunyamalala ngenkani kwamakhulu abantu abanomuzwa wokuthi bebegxeka umbuso kaGaddafi. Kodwa kuthiwani ngezisulu zokuvukela? Futhi uma sicubungula imibiko yasekuqaleni kwale nyanga mayelana nokuhlukunyezwa kwabantu abamnyama ngamavukelambuso (eminye yayo eyayisukela ekuhlukumezeni kuya ekuqedeni ukubulawa kwabantu) kungakuhle ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi izinto sezihamba kanjani cishe ngemva kwenyanga. U-Andrew Pervis muva nje ubese-Egypt, kodwa uma sikhuluma iqiniso, akukuningi esikutholayo emibikweni yakhe ngaphandle kokuthi iningi labantu abamnyama base-Afrika bakhona abangenalo ulwazi lokuthi benzeni noma baye kuphi.
Nakuba abamnyama base-Afrika eLibya beyithatha nhlangothi zombili kodwa ukuba yisisulu sokuhlubuka ikakhulukazi lokho kuyinhlekelele. Ngokungangabazeki abaningi babenethemba lokuthi lokhu kuvukela kwakuzoletha ikusasa elingcono, futhi nakuba kunjalo kuma-Arabhu, lokhu akubukeki nje kunjalo kwabansundu. Ngethemba ukuthi bazoqala ukunakwa okwengeziwe nozwelo. Kulabo abangaphunyuki ngaphambi kokuthi amavukelambuso athathe iTripoli kufanele sikhathazeke kakhulu ngesiphetho sabo.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe, ukucwasa ngokwebala sekunesikhathi eside kuhlasele iLibya futhi abantu abamnyama base-Afrika njengabo bonke abantu bomdabu bavame ukuba yizisulu zengcindezelo. Ngo-Okthoba ka-2000 BBC yabika ukuthi โizinkulungwane zabokufika base-Afrika abahlala eLibya ziye zahlaselwa izakhamuzi zendawo. Abanye kuye kwadingeka baphephele ezindlini zabo zenxusa.โ
Esikhathini esingaphezudlwana konyaka odlule I-UN Watch, uphiko lwamalungelo abantu lwenhlangano yomhlaba wonke, lwakhipha umbiko mayelana nokucwasa ngokwebala eLibya: โI-Libya kumele iqede imikhuba yayo yokucwasa abantu abamnyama base-Afrika, ikakhulukazi ukushushisa kwayo ngokobuhlanga izisebenzi eziyizigidi ezimbili ezinsundu zase-Afrika. Kunobufakazi obuningi bephethini yaseLibya kanye nomkhuba wokucwaswa ngokobuhlanga kwabasebenzi bokufika.โ
Ngaphezulu Ukubuyekeza Kwenyanga, omunye wabahleli babo, Yoshie Furuhashi, wabhala, โI-Al Jazeera ibika ukuthi abasebenzi abaNsundu base-Afrika manje bahlala ngokwesaba ezindaweni eziphethwe amavukela-mbuso eLibya. Abanye babo bahlaselwe yizixhwanguxhwangu, abanye bagqunywa ejele, kwashiswa imizi yabo nezindawo zokusebenzela. 'Abasebenzi abaningi base-Afrika bathi bazizwa bephephile ngaphansi kombuso kaGaddafi,' kusho uJacky Rowland we-Al Jazeera, ebika evela e-Benghazi," nokuthi "Mhlawumbe kuzothatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba bonke abaNxele babambe imvelo yomgunyathi yomkhiqizo odayisiwe. emhlabeni.โ
NgoFebhuwari 23, 2011, i- UNHCR, yathi i-UN "isikhathazeke kakhulu" ngabafuduki abaningi base-Afrika nabafuna ukukhoseliswa eLibya. "Okwamanje asinakho ukufinyelela emphakathini wababaleki," ngokusho kukaMelissa Fleming, okhulumela i-UNHCR. Kusukela lapho baye bathola ukufinyelela ababaleki futhi ubonge i-Egypt ngosizo lwabo ngenkathi iphawula ukuthi izinkonzo ziya ziwohloka njengoba kwanda ababaleki abangena.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kombiko kaFebhuwari okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla intatheli yase-UK I-Daily Mail wayeseBenghazi ekhuluma "ngamasosha" lapho ebika:
Abantu base-Afrika engababona babesukela koneminyaka engu-20 kuya koyedwa osevile eminyakeni engu-40 nentshebe ecwebezelayo. Iningi laligqoke izingubo zokuphola. Lapho bebona ukuthi ngikhuluma isiNgisi baqhuma babhikisha.
'Asenzanga lutho,' omunye wangitshela, ngaphambi kokuba athuliswe. 'Sonke singabasebenzi bokwakha abavela eGhana. Asilimazanga muntu.'
Omunye umsolwa, owesilisa ogqoke i-ovaroli eluhlaza, wakhomba upende emikhonweni yakhe wathi: 'Lona umsebenzi wami. Angazi ukuthi ngidubula kanjani isibhamu.'
U-Abdul Nasser, oneminyaka engu-47 ubudala, ubhikishe: 'Baqamba amanga ngathi. Sikhishwe endlini yethu ebusuku silele.' Besakhononda, baholwa. Kwakunzima ukwahlulela icala labo.
Ngosuku olufanayo BBC kubika: โOmunye umsebenzi wokwakha waseTurkey watshela i-BBC: 'Besinabantu abangu-70-80 baseChad abasebenzela inkampani yethu. Banqunywa ngezikele nezimbazo, abahlaseli bethi: 'Ninikeza uGhaddafi amasosha.' NabaseSudan babulawa ngesibhicongo. Sazibonela ngokwethu.'
Esinye isibonelo sokugqamisa umjaho: Kunevidiyo yababhikishi bentanta ku-inthanethi ebakhombisa becula, "Singama-Arab!"(cishe ngo-2:20)
The I-International Business Times waphatha indaba ngoMashi 2 ethi,
Ngokwemibiko, bangaphezulu kuka-150 abantu abamnyama base-Afrika abaphuma emazweni okungenani ayishumi nambili ehlukene abaphunyuke ngendiza eLibya bafike bahlala esikhumulweni sezindiza eNairobi, eKenya nezindaba zodlame ezihlasimulisa umzimba.
"Besihlaselwa abantu bendawo bethi singamasosha abulala abantu. Mangisho ukuthi bebengafuni ukubona abantu abamnyama," kusho uJulius Kiluu, 60, ongumqondisi wezakhiwo, etshela abeReuters.
Uma sibhekene nalesi simo singaqala ukuqonda ukuthi kungani abamnyama bemele iningi elikhulu emajele aphethwe amavukelambuso, kanye nokungabikho kwezinguquko.
The Los Angeles Times muva nje ukhiphe isihloko esithi โAmavukelambuso aseLibya abonakala ethatha amakhasi encwadini yokudlala kaKadafi," lapho bathi,
Izikhulu zamaqembu aphikisayo eBenghazi, nokuthungatha kwazo ukubopha abalandeli bakaKadafi osekudale ukugxekwa kwazo, zithatha izintatheli ohambweni olulawulwa ngokuqinile ezikhungweni zokuboshwa. Iziboshwa eziningi zithi zingabasebenzi bokufika futhi ziyaphika ukuthi zilwela uKadafi.
Futhi kwenye indatshana ehlobene enesihloko esithi, โIzintatheli zivakashela iziboshwa ezigcinwe ngabavukeli eLibya," sifunda ukuthi, "Isigameko sonke saba nomuzwa ongathandeki, njengokungathi la madoda asevele aquliswa amacala futhi agwetshwa - futhi osekusele ukubulawa kwawo. Ngokushintshashintsha okungavamile, ngathola ukuthi izikhulu zezokuphepha zangaphakathi zombuso kaKadafi phambilini bebesebenzisa lesi sikhungo ukuze babophe, bahlukumeze futhi babulale abantu abangahambisani nepolitiki.โ (Isithombe esingaphezulu kwalesi sihloko sihambisana nale ndaba.)
Kulokho esingakuqoqa emaphephandabeni amabutho kaGaddafi ikakhulukazi ama-Arab. Lokhu kusho ukuthi eminye imibuzo idinga ukubuzwa. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi ngesikhathi abezindaba besanda kuvakashela ijele eliphethwe amavukela-mbuso iziboshwa kwakungabantu abamnyama? Emqulwini wakamuva we-INC omemezela ukuthi โumbono womphakathi wentando yeningiโ ithe bayakugxeka ukucwasa. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthula kwabo mayelana nosizi lwabantu abamnyama base-Afrika kanye nemibiko yokuhlaselwa kwabo (kuhlanganisa namavidiyo abuhlungu abonisa amadoda amabili amnyama ashonile eboshelwe oqweqweni lweloli sengathi azingelwa izinyamazane) kanye nenani elingenakulinganiswa lokumelela kwabo kumavukelambuso. emajele, singakanani isitokwe esingasifaka esimangalweni? Ingabe kufanele sikholwe ukuthi kumane kuzenzekela, noma ukuthi kube lula ukubamba abamnyama kunama-Arabhu? Le mibuzo inokubaluleka kwalokho esingakulindela esahlukweni esilandelayo seLibya.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu indaba yempi yombango yaseLibya ibe ne- okuhle ngokumelene nokubi indaba yomashiqela obambelele ngokungenalunya ekubuseni kwakhe iminyaka engamashumi amane ngenkathi intwasahlobo ilethe isithembiso sokuvukela kwama-Arab. Ngaphansi kwalesi sigameko kunendaba emnyama yezisulu zokuhlubuka, futhi iyindaba exoxwa kakhulu uma iqiniso nobulungiswa bukhona.
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