Ukuqashelwa kabanzi kwaleli qiniso kuqhubekisele phambili uguquko lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwaze kwaba seqophelweni eliphezulu lempi yokuthi ubani ozoba ngoqokwe njengomengameli weDemocratic Party. U-Hillary Clinton usola uhlelo luka-Barack Obama "lokushiya ngaphandle" abantu abayizigidi ezingu-15 "ekuvikelekeni kwendawo yonke," futhi u-Obama uthi ngokugunyaza ukuthi wonke umuntu abe nomshwalense, uhlelo lukaClinton lujezisa labo abangenawo amandla okuwukhokhela.
Inkulumo ethukuthele eceleni- "Unamahloni, Barack Obama!" UClinton usole ngemuva kokuthi u-Obama esolwa ngokuhlanekezela uhlelo lwakhe ezincwadini zokukhankasa-bobabili abangenele ukhetho lweDemocratic Alliance abakude nokuphakamisa uhlobo lwezinguquko ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe abantu ukunakekelwa kwezempilo abakudingayo.
Eqinisweni, ngezindlela ezibalulekile, izinhlelo ezimbili zamaDemocrats zingenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu kubantu abafisa ukuthola usizo lwezempilo olusezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa bashiywe bengenayo enye indlela kodwa imboni yomshuwalense wangasese ezimisele ukwenza inzuzo eyengeziwe.
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Kodwa okwamanje, inkulumo-mpikiswano phakathi kuka-Obama noClinton idale ithuba lokuthi abamelene nebhizinisi lokunakekelwa kwezempilo-njengenjwayelo babeke udaba lwabo phambili-ngohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olugcwele umhlaba wonke, olukhokhelwa umuntu oyedwa.
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Izinhlelo zika-OBAMA KANYE KANYE noClinton ziyabelana ngeziphakamiso ebezidingeka isikhathi eside nezamukelekile, okuhlanganisa ukuvinjelwa kwezinkampani zomshwalense zisebenzisa izaba "zezimo ezikhona ngaphambili" ukuze kunqandwe abantu ekutholeni umshwalense, kanye nezimfuneko zezinkampani zomshwalense ukuthi zikhokhise amaphrimiyamu afanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amaklayenti athini. 'iminyaka noma impilo.
Nokho, ngale kwalokhu, u-Obama noClinton abavumelani ngokuthi ubani ozonikezwa umshwalense nokuthi kanjani.
UClinton uthembisa igunya likahulumeni elizodinga ukuthi wonke umuntu abe nomshwalense, kodwa akucaci ukuthi leli gunya lingasebenza kanjani. UClinton uthi kuzoba khona uhlobo oluthile losizo, cishe isikweletu sentela, sabantu abenza imali eningi kakhulu ukuze bafake izicelo ze-Medicaid, kodwa abangakwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zomshwalense ophezulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isiphakamiso sakhe asicacile ngemininingwane.
Yize ekuphika, uhlelo lukaClinton lufana nomthetho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo wango-2006 owaphasiswa yiMassachusetts odinga ukuthi wonke umuntu esifundazweni athole umshwalense.
Ngaphansi komthetho, abantu abenza izikhathi eziphindwe kathathu kunomugqa wobumpofuโ$30,630 kubantu ngabanye kanye no-$41,880 kwabashadileโbathola uxhaso oluzobasiza ngokuthenga umshwalense. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi bakhokha inani eliphelele lomshwalense-okungaba noma yikuphi ukusuka ku-$1,464 ngonyaka entsheni yabantu abadala kuya ku-$9,600 ngonyaka kulabo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55.
Akumangalisi ukuthi, naphezu kosongo lwezinhlawulo ezizokwenyuka ziye ku-$2,000 ngo-2008, amaphesenti angu-7 kuphela abantu abangu-244,000 abangenawo umshwalense eMassachusetts base bethenge umshwalense ngo-December 1, 2007.
Ephendula, umkhankaso ka-Obama uveze ukuthi igunya likaClinton lizojezisa abantu abasezingeni eliphakathi. Uhlelo lwakhe lukhawulela umshwalense ogunyaziwe ukuthi ubhekelele izingane zodwa.
"Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwecebo likaSen. Clinton nelami ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi inkinga yabantu abangenazo usizo lwezempilo ukuthi akekho obaphoqe ukuthi bathole usizo lwezempilo," kusho u-Obama engqungqutheleni yeDemocratic Alliance eLas Vegas ngonyaka odlule. "Engikubonayo abantu abangathanda ukuthola usizo lwezempilo futhi abangakwazi ukukukhokhela."
Kodwa uma u-Obama efuna wonke umuntu akwazi ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okuthengekayo, ubengasekela uhlelo lukazwelonke lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olukhokhelwa umuntu oyedwa oluhlanganisa wonke umuntu. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, wathi uyalweseka uhlelo olunjalo.
Ngo-2003, u-Obama watshela izethameli engqungqutheleni ye-AFL-CIO: "Kuyenzeka ngibe umgqugquzeli wohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olukhokhelwa umuntu oyedwa. Angisiboni isizathu sokuthi kungani i-United States of America, izwe elicebe kakhulu emlandweni womhlaba. , ukusebenzisa amaphesenti angu-14 oMkhiqizo Kazwelonke Kazwelonke ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, akukwazi ukuhlinzeka ngomshuwalense wezempilo oyisisekelo kuwo wonke umuntu...
"[E] wonke umuntu phakathi, akekho ngaphandle-uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lomkhokhi oyedwa, uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo jikelele. Yilokho engingathanda ukukubona. Kodwa njengoba nonke nazi, singase singafiki lapho ngokushesha. Ngoba, okokuqala kufanele sibuyisele i-White House, futhi kufanele sibuyisele iSenethi, futhi kufanele sibuyisele iNdlu."
Manje, nokho, u-Obama uthi uzokweseka umuntu oyedwa kuphela uma "eqala ekuqaleni" - futhi, njengoba atshela New Yorker ngo-May 2007, "Singase sidinge uhlelo olungaphazamisi kangangokuthi abantu bazizwe sengathi ngokuzumayo lokho abakwaziyo ngezimpilo zabo eziningi kuphonswe endleleni."
Izinkulumo zika-Obama kungathi ululungele ushintsho olubonakalayo, kodwa iqiniso wukuthi uyazibamba.
"U-Obama ubhekisela emaphepheni amabili abasunguli be-PNHP uDkt. David Himmelstein kanye noDkt. Steffie Woolhandler: Iphepha labo eliphelele lezikweletu zezokwelapha njengengxenye yokuqothuka (Ezempilo, 2005) kanye nocwaningo lwabo olubalulekile ekuphathweni okungamaphesenti angama-31 ohlelweni lwezempilo lwase-US (I-New England Journal of Medicine, 2003)," Umqondisi Ophethe Odokotela Bohlelo Lwezempilo Lukazwelonke (PNHP) uDkt. Ida Hellander wabhala ngoMeyi odlule.
โNgeshwa akakhombisi ukuqonda imithelela yazo zombili.
"Ngokwesibonelo, uyaqhubeka nokuthembela kumshwalense wezempilo ozimele (amaphesenti angu-75 abantu abalahlekelwe yizikweletu zezokwelapha babe nomshwalense) futhi uyagcizelela (njengoHillary Clinton) ukuthi amakhompyutha angakwazi ukunciphisa imithwalo yokuphatha ohlelweni lwezempilo (umkhokhi oyedwa kuphela ongenza lokho, kodwa uyaqhubeka nokuthembela kumshwalense wezempilo ozimele (amaphesenti angu-XNUMX abantu abalahlekelwe yizikweletu zezokwelapha babe nomshwalense) futhi ugcizelela (njengoHillary Clinton) ukuthi amakhompyutha angakwazi ukunciphisa imithwalo yokuphatha ohlelweni lwezempilo (umkhokhi oyedwa kuphela ongenza lokho," njengoba kubonisiwe ocwaningweni lwabo).
U-Obama usho into eyodwa ngesikhathi ebhekene nezilaleli zenyunyana evuna ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okukhokhelwa umuntu oyedwa. Manje, emkhankasweni kamongameli, uthi uzokwenza okunye.
Ngaphandle kwengcindezi ephoqa ukuthi athathe umkhokhi oyedwa, u-Obama nakanjani uzokhetha lokho okubonakala ukusungulwa kweDemocratic Party njengesixazululo esinengqondo, "esingaphazamisi kangako".
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LOWO ZINKATHAZO kufanele wazi kubalandeli bakaHillary Clinton. Phakathi nomkhankaso wakhe, uhlala ecela irekhodi lakhe lokulwela izinguquko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngesikhathi sokuphatha komyeni wakhe, uBill Clinton.
U-Hillary Clinton uthi wafunda isifundo esibalulekile saseWashington ngaleso sikhathi mayelana nokunciphisa izimfuno zakhe zenguquko. Kodwa-ke, izishoshovu zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezahlangana naye zafunda isifundo esihlukileโisilo esidala nokushintsha.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1993, u-Hillary Clinton wahlangana nezishoshovu zamalungelo okunakekelwa kwezempilo njengo-Quentin Young we-PNHP no-David Himmelstein. Batshelwe ngokuqondile ukuthi uhlelo lomkhokhi oyedwa alinawo umkhuleko ne-Clinton White House. Isiphakamiso sakamuva esivela ku-White House saphakamisa ukumbozwa okungenamazinyo "komhlaba wonke", kodwa nalokho bekukuningi kakhulu ukudlula imboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nemilomo yayo kuCongress.
Ekugcineni, "Umthetho Wezokuphepha Wezempilo," obuthaka kakhulu, owawugxile kakhulu ezinhlanganweni ezizimele zokugcinwa kwezempilo (ama-HMO), wabuna futhi wafa ngaphambi kokuthi uze uyovota kuCongress. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nasesimweni sokulindelwe umphakathi okusabalele ukuthi abakwaClintons bazowina ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuwo wonke amaMelika asebenzayo nampofu, abaphathi babhekelele imboni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo okubalulekile.
Ngalesi sizathu, indlela engcono yokuthola ukuthi labo abazongenela ukhetho bazinikele kangakanani ekushintsheni okude kwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kungaba ukulandela umkhondo wababambe iqhaza emikhankasweni.
Ngokusho kweCentre for Responsive Politics (CRP), uClinton kuze kube manje uhamba phambili ohlwini lwabazokhethwa njengomongameli ukuthola iminikelo embonini yezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-3.9. Kodwa u-Obama akasalele emuva nge-$3.2 million. UJohn McCain ungene ngo-$1.2 millionโkodwa ababengenele ukhetho kwiRiphabhulikhi uMitt Romney noRudolph Giuliani ngamunye bahehe cishe ngokuphindwe kabili kunoMcCain.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu ukuthi imali yomkhankaso evela emkhakheni wezempilo iya kumaDemocrats ngaphambi kwamaRiphabhulikhi kulo nyaka-iminikelo kumaDemocrats yehlula amaRiphabhulikhi cishe ngezigidi ezi-4 zamaRandi. Lokhu kuphambene neminyaka yokhetho edlule, lapho amaRepublican ehlula amaDemocrats.
Phakathi kwabanikeli abaphezulu abayi-10 bomkhakha wezempilo kukhona i-Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, eyafuna ngamandla izinzuzo zemithi kadokotela eza ngaphansi kwe-Medicare futhi yaphikisana nemizamo yokuthola imithi ejwayelekile emakethe. Kuze kube manje lo mjikelezo wokhetho, i-Pfizer isihlukanise imali yayo ngokulinganayo phakathi kwama-Democrats nama-Republicanโuhambo olukhulu kusukela ekuncikeni kakhulu kumaRiphabhulikhi.
Izibalo zemidondoshiya yezidakamizwa u-Eli Lilly kanye ne-GlaxoSmithKline ziyefana. Khonamanjalo, phakathi kwethimba lika-Obama lomkhankaso kukhona uMoses Mercado, umgqugquzeli we-Ogilvy Government Relations, onohlu lwamakhasimende akhe oluhlanganisa i-Pfizer ne-United Health Group, inkampani yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ephethwe.
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KHONA NJENGOBA, abantu abavamile basaqhubeka nokubhekana nemiphumela yohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olungenisa inzuzo. Abanye abantu abayizigidi ezingama-47-cishe oyedwa kwabayisithupha baseMelika-ungenawo umshuwalense wezempilo. Ngokusho kwe-US Census Bureau, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2.2 bengezwe ezinhlwini zabangaqinisekisiwe ngo-2006 kuphela.
Ngonyaka odlule, ifilimu kaMichael Moore Sicko kwaqinisekisa lokho abantu abaningi ababhekana nakho mathuphaโukuthi noma unomshwalense, akusho ukuthi unesiqiniseko sokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Iqiniso "lohlelo lomshwalense wezempilo" e-US ukuthi alukho kulezi zinto-alunempilo, akekho oqinisekiswa ukunakekelwa, futhi akubonakali lukhona uhlelo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zikaClinton kanye no-Obama zabelana ngokungaphezu kwalokho abazokhethwa abangathanda sikucabange. Bobabili bashiya ngaphandle abokufika abangenazo izincwadi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izingane noma abantu abadala. Futhi ayidingi izinkampani zomshwalense ukuthi zikhave ukukhipha isisu noma uhla lwezinye izinkinga zempilo yokuzala kwabesifazane.
Zombili lezi zinhlelo zithembele ikakhulukazi kubaqashi ukuthi banikeze umshwalense kubasebenzi babo, abambalwa kakhulu abawunikezayo-futhi uma benza, izisebenzi ngokuvamile kufanele zikhokhe inani elikhulu, futhi ukufakwa kukude kakhulu nokuqedwa.
Nakuba izinhlelo zabo zingase zinikeze abantu imali abangayithenga uma bengakhaviwe emsebenzini, izobe isekelwe embonini yomshwalense yangasese, eyenza inzuzo. Izinhloko zalezi zinkampani ezinkulu zisazobiza isibhamu, futhi ngokungangabazeki, izigidi zabantu zizohlala zingakwazi ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ngakho-ke zizohamba ngaphandle.
Esikhundleni sokumela isinyathelo esikhulayo sokuwina ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuthengekayo kwawo wonke umuntu, lezi zinhlelo ziya kolunye uhlangothi.
"Izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezihamba phambili zeDemocrats, uma zenziwe, ziwumgomo wokwehluleka ngokunikeza imboni yomshwalense yangasese enye i-bonanza: i-carte blanche ithuba lokuthengisa izinqubomgomo zemihlomulo elinganiselwe kubantu abanempilo futhi kuvimbele ukulungiswa kokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuhlelekile," uDkt. UJohn Geyman wabhala ku Sikhuk Umagazini.
"Bazophinde bakhuphule izindleko, bakhuphule imithetho ebekiwe, bacebise ababambiqhaza ezimakethe ngezindleko zeziguli, imindeni nabakhokhi bentela, futhi baqhubekisele phambili izimakethe eziphatha ukunakekelwa kwezempilo njengenye nje impahla okufanele ithengwe futhi idayiswe. I-Wall Street izochuma njengoba u-Main Street ibuhlungu."
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