โNGINGEZA u-$10.45 ngehora njengesitoko ebusuku, ngenxa yomehluko wasebusuku. Ngangingenzi imali eyanele, ngakho ngathola omunye umsebenzi. Umsebenzi wosuku wawufuna ngisebenze amahora angu-34, ngakho nganginamatoho amabili engangingenzi lutho ngawo. Ngangingakwazi ukuzikhokhela indawo yokuhlala, futhi ngangingenayo eyami imoto.โ
KuPam Davis, ugogo wezingane ezintathu, i-Walmart yayisho ukuthi ngeke ikwazi ukuthola usizo, ihlale ikhathazeka ngezindleko ezilandelayo.
KuRob Walton, izibulo lezindlalifa ezinhlanu zenhlanhla yomndeni kanye nosihlalo wamanje wenkampani, i-Walmart isho ukuthi akakaze abe nokunakekelwa empilweni yakhe.
Ngenani elilinganiselwa ku-$34.2 billion, u-S. Robson Walton unendawo yokubalekela zonke izinhlobo zesimo sezulu-enye e-Aspen, e-Colo., enye endaweni ebizwa nge-Paradise Valley, e-Ariz. Futhi ungumthandi wezimoto zakudalaโfuthi unomdlandla kakhulu. ukuthi unezimoto okungenani eziyingxenye yeshumi nambili, okuhlanganisa, okubikwa ukuthi, iFerrari yegolide yangokwezifiso.
Ngo-2012, u-Walton washintsha ithrekhi ngokunganaki ku-Shelby Daytona Cobra Coupe-eyodwa kwemihlanu eyake yenziwa-waphinde waphihliza imoto ka-$15 million. Izindleko zokulungisa zaziyizigidi ezimbalwa zamaRandi-imali, njengoba URaymond Bravo we-OUR Walmart uveze, โkungathatha iminyaka engu-194 ukuthi isisebenzi sase-Walmart esisebenza ubusuku nemini sihole.โ
UDavis, owayeyisisebenzi saseWalmart eRichmond, Calif., Futhi eyisishoshovu se-Organization United for Respect (YETHU) iWalmart, usebenze kanzima ukuze athole iholo lakhe elincane. UWalton, ngakolunye uhlangothi, wathola imali yakhe ngendlela yesidala: Uyise wamnika yona.
Ubaba kaRob, umsunguli we-Walmart uSam Walton, wakha umbuso wakhe ngesisekelo sokwehlisa amaholo nokugcina izinyunyana zingekho. Futhi uRob, owathatha isikhundla sokuba ngusihlalo wenkampani lapho uyise eshona, ugcina izinto zihamba ngendlela ubaba wakhe enza ngayoโngokucindezela izisebenzi zase-Walmart. Njengoba โabahlanganyeliโ bayo bethola umholo omaphakathi ongu-$8.81 ngehora, isiqubulo se-Walmart esithi โIzintengo Eziphansi Zansuku zonkeโ kufanele ngempela sibe โImiholo Ephansi, Nsuku Zonke.โ
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PHEZU kwamaholo asezingeni lobuphofu, izindlela ezimbalwa zokuthuthuka kanye namazinga aphezulu okwenza inzuzo, imithetho yokusebenza ezinkampanini ezifana ne-Walmart ivikela okubalulekile ngezindleko zabasebenzi. UDavis wachaza ukuthi zimbalwa izizathu zokuthi abantu bahlale enkampanini โngoba okuwukuphela kokunyuswa kwamaholo ongakuthola manje amasenti angu-0, 20, 40 noma 70โfuthi akekho oke athole amasenti angama-70.โ
Amahora agcinwa elinganiselwe kangangokuthi izisebenzi eziningi ze-Walmart zifanelekela izinzuzo ezixhaswe uhulumeni njengezitembu zokudla. Ngokuyindida, lolo sizo lukahulumeni ngokuvamile lubuyela ephaketheni lenkampani. Ngokusho kukaDavis:
Bengizochitha imali yami yegilosa eningi ngaphakathi kwe-Walmart. Lapho ngisezitembuni zokudla, ngangithenga e-Walmart ngoba ishibhile kune-Safeway. Endabeni yami, ngizama ukusiza kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ngabazukulu bami abathathu...ngenze izibaloโizindleko zokuhamba, njll.โfuthi kwabonakala sengathi ngangikhokha emsebenzini, noma ngikhokhela izinzuzo,โ kusho yena, โfuthi izinzuzo zaba zimbi kakhulu kunangaphambili, ngenxa yokuncipha kwamahora nomsebenzi wetoho.
Lapho abasebenzi besebenza isikhathi esengeziwe, kuvamile ukuthi i-Walmart ingabakhokheli ngakho. Ngo-2008, inkampani yaphoqeleka ukuthi ikhokhe izigidi ezingama-640 zamaRandi ukuze ixazulule izenzo ezingama-63 zesigaba sikahulumeni nesezifundazwe ezakhokhisa inkampani ngokwenqaba ukukhokha isikhathi esengeziwe, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokweba amaholo. Lokhu elinye lamasudi amaningana ngokumelene nenkampani eminyakeni edluleukukhokhisa abaphathi babaphoqe ukuthi basebenze bengaholi, abasebenzi basezitolo eziningi bebika ukuthi bavalelwe.
Ubugebengu obubhekiswe kubasebenzi obufana nalaba buphindaphindwa ezindaweni zokusebenza ezihola kancane ezweni lonke. Ucwaningo lwango-2008, "Imithetho Ephukile, Abasebenzi Abangavikelwe," eyaxoxa nezinkulungwane zezisebenzi ezihola kancane eChicago, eNew York naseLos Angeles yabika ukuthi amaphesenti angu-26 alabo abahlolwa ayekhokhelwa imali engaphansi kwenani eliphansi elingokomthetho lesonto lomsebenzi elidlule. Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisithupha afushaniswe ngo-$1 ngehora noma ngaphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwekota yabaphenduli basebenze amahora angaphezu kwama-40 ngesonto eledlule. Kulabo, amaphesenti angama-76 awazange akhokhelwe inani lesikhathi esengeziwe elidingekayo ngabaqashi bawo. Lapho ebuzwa mayelana nokwephulwa kwesikhathi esengeziwe, isisebenzi esivamile esinokwephula umthetho sasifake amahora angu-11 esikhathi esengeziwe, okwakungenzeka sikhokhelwe kancane noma singazange sikhokhelwe nhlobo.
U-Rob Walton angase abe nesikhathi esiningi sokudlala endaweni yomjaho, kodwa abasebenzi bakhe abaqiniseki ukuthi bazosebenza nini ngokulandelayo noma isikhathi esingakananiโokwenza kube nzima ukugcina noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuzinza. โAbantu abaningi bafuna ukuya esikoleni noma bathole omunye umsebenzi,โ kusho uDavis. โEzimweni eziningi, awusoze waluthola uhlelo olujwayelekile. Bangase basebenze umuntu kuze kube phakathi kwamabili, bese behlela lowo muntu ngehora lesi-6 ekuseni.โ
Lokhu kuvula umnyango wokulimala emsebenzini, uDavis uthe:
Baphoqa abantu ukuthi benze amahora angu-12 emsebenzini ngokushintshana kwamahora ayisishiyagalombili. Bacindezela abantu ukuthi benze umsebenzi, futhi bayazilimaza bona. I-Walmart izothi uma ungabiki noma yikuphi ukulimala izinsuku ezingu-90, sizokuklomelisa ngo-ayisikhilimu. Ngikhumbula ngesinye isikhathi umvuzo wethu wawuyi-barbeque. Kwakukhona izingqwembe ezinkulu odongeni ezithi asizange silimale ezinsukwini ezingu-300. Kodwa lokho ngoba kakho owabika ngazo. Akunjalo ngoba ukulimala akuzange kwenzeke.
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UKWANDA kokungalingani phakathi kwabanikazi bama-Walmart nalabo abasebenza ngaphakathi ezitolo kungase kulinganiswe hhayi nje ngamaholo, kodwa kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwabasebenzi. Kusukela ezindlini kuye kwezokuthutha, ukuya emfundweni nasekufinyeleleni ukudla okunempilo, ukuya ekunakekelweni kwezempilo nesikhathi sokungcebeleka, umphakathi wase-US wakhiwe ngabangenakho-nababedlula-nabamaphupho abo.
Futhi-ke, lokhu kwehlukana okukhulu kuyaqhubeka ngemva kokuba abasebenzi bengasakwazi ukusebenzaโnjengoba bayanda abantu abathatha umhlalaphansi ngaphandle kokuhlomula uhlelo lwempesheni oluxhaswe yinkampani.
I-Economic Policy Institute (EPI) ibike ocwaningweni lwangonyaka odlule ukuthi izinhlelo ezingu-401kโeziyaziwa ngokuthi izinhlelo zomnikelo ochaziwe, esikhundleni semodeli yenzuzo echaziwe yempesheni evamileโzidala igebe elikhulu nakakhulu phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu. Ngo-2010, amakhaya aphakathi kwamaphesenti angama-20 aphezulu emali engenayo ayenesilinganiso esingu-$308,674 ekongeni ye-akhawunti yomhlalaphansi, okubalelwa kumaphesenti angama-72 engqikithi yokonga kulawa ma-akhawunti.
Ukonga okumaphakathi komhlalaphansi kwemindeni eyingxenye yesihlanu yemizi ecebe kakhulu kwakungu-$160,000โkulabo abangaphansi kwalesi sigaba esiphezulu, ukonga okumaphakathi kwakusukela ku-$8,000 kuya ku-$36,000. Futhi, njengoba i-EPI igcizelela, lezi izinombolo zaleyo mindeni enemali eyongile yomhlalaphansi. Isilinganiso esimaphakathi sayo yonke imizi, kuhlanganisa naleyo engenayo imali yokonga yomhlalaphansi, isisondele ku-zero, njengoba cishe ingxenye yemizi ayinakho nhlobo ukonga.
Ngenxa yokwehla kwezimpesheni zendabuko, kusho i-EPI, ukubhaliswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokulondoloza umhlalaphansi kuye kwehla kancane kancane kule minyaka engu-30 edlule.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Walmart ihlinzeka ngohlelo lomhlalaphansi lwe-401k kubasebenzi. Kodwa lapho inkampani inquma ngohlelo, yenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ukusethwa kwayo kubasebenzela kahle kakhulu abangani bayo baseWall Street, ngezindleko zabasebenzi.
Ngo-2011, uWalmart noMerrill Lynch kwadingeka bakhokhe izigidi ezingu-13.5 zamaRandi ngemuva kwecala lesenzo sekilasi. kubonise ukuthi uhlelo lwenkampani lwe-401k lwadlula "izindleko nezindleko eziphezulu ngokungenangqondo" kubasebenzi baseWalmart. Inkampani, ngendlela, ayiqinisekisi ukuthi izohambisana neminikelo yabasebenzi.
Izitolo zakwa-Walmart zidayisa izihlalo zezimoto zezingane ezingu-140 ezihlukene, izinhlobo ze-TV ezingu-110 nezinhlobo ezingu-220 zobhodisi abanosayizi omkhulu, konke โngamanani aphansi ansuku zonkeโ ayenze yaba i-colossus yokudayisa. Kuyamangaza-ke ukuthi emhlabeni wezimali ezihlanganyelwe eziyizi-8,000, kubahlanganyeli abayizigidi eziyi-1.2 bohlelo olunabantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke lwe-401k, i-Wal-Mart ihlanganise ukukhethwa okuncane kwezimali eziyi-10โiningi lazo ngamanani entengo aphezulu ansuku zonke.
Lokho kwakuhlanganisa izimali ezimbili zenkomba yezindleko eziphansi kanye nesikhwama sebhondi esisodwa. Phakathi kweminikelo eyisishiyagalombili ephethwe ngenkuthalo, izinkokhelo zehliswe ngesenti elilodwa kulokho okwakuzokhokhwa umuntu oyedwa ongenawo amandla okuthenga. Kwaba sengathi umthengisi omkhulu kunabo bonke emlandweni wayethumele izisebenzi zakhe ukuba ziyothenga izinkonzo zomhlalaphansi esitolo somnyango saseSoviet.
Futhi zihlukana kanjani izinto ngakolunye uhlangothi lomcebo? Ngenkathi i-CEO ye-Walmart uMike Duke ethatha umhlalaphansi "emsebenzini" wakhe ngo-2013, wahamba no-$140 million, ngemva kokuba i-akhawunti yakhe yomhlalaphansi yenyuke ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-23 ngonyaka wakhe wokugcina enkampanini.
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NGAPHAKATHI kwebhodi, ukunxeshezelwa kwezikhulu ezikhungathekile sekuyinto entsha evamile, nakuba amaholo avamile engasebenzi. Ngokocwaningo lwe-EPI olukhishwe ngoJuni eyalinganisa inkokhelo ye-CEO ephezulu ngo-2013, okuhlanganisa nenani lezinketho zesitoko ezisetshenziswe ngonyaka onikeziwe, isinxephezelo se-CEO sezinduna sikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-2.8 kusukela ngo-2012-namaphesenti angu-21.7 kusukela ngo-2010.
Ucwaningo lugcizelela inkambiso yesikhathi eside, njengoba abacwaningi be-EPI bachaza ocwaningweni lwabo, โIsilinganiso sokunxeshezelwa kwe-CEO-to-worker sasingu-20-to-1 ngo-1965 kanye no-29.9-to-1 ngo-1978, sikhule safinyelela ku-122.6-to--- 1 ngo-1995, yafinyelela ku-383.4-to-1 ngo-2000, futhi yayingama-295.9-to-1 ngo-2013, ephakeme kakhulu kunalokho eyayiyikho ngeminyaka yawo-1960, 1970, 1980 noma 1990.โ
Yebo, kunjalo, 295.9-to-1. Ngakho-ke, nakuba isinxephezelo sezikhulu kungenzeka sithinteke ngemva kwenhlekelele yezimali ka-2008, kusesendleleni yokululama, bese kuba okunye. Nokho, abasebenzi abazange babe nenhlanhla kangako. Kusukela ngo-2010, isinxephezelo sabasebenzi bezinkampani ezizimele empeleni sehle ngamaphesenti angu-1.3, ngokombiko we-EPI, simile emazingeni ka-2009.
Kwake kwaba nesisho esithi โigagasi elikhuphukayo liphakamisa zonke izikebhe.โ Kwakusekelwe embonweni wokuthi ukuchuma kwezomnotho kweCorporate America kwakuzoholela ekuchumeni kwawo wonke umuntu. Le mfundiso yemakethe yamahhala ayikaze ibe yiqinisoโkodwa ayihambisani nhlobo nezikhathi esiphila kuzo namuhla, lapho izikebhe ezimbalwa zikanokusho zigibela phezulu, futhi inqwaba yabasebenzi ibambelele ku-driftwood, uma ingashayisani. amadwala ngasogwini lolwandle.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukukhiqiza kwabasebenzi kuqhubekile nokukhula, ababoni izinzuzo. Ngokolunye ucwaningo lwe-EPI olukhishwe ngoJuni, ukukhiqiza kukhule ngamaphesenti angu-64.9 phakathi kuka-1979 no-2013, kodwa isinxephezelo samahora wonke sokukhiqiza kanye nezisebenzi ezingagadile, ezihlanganisa amaphesenti angu-80 abasebenzi bomkhakha ozimele, zikhule ngamaphesenti angu-8.2 nje kuphela.
โNgakho ukukhiqiza kwakhula ngokushesha okuphindwe kasishiyagalombili kunesinxephezelo esivamile sezisebenzi,โ kuphetha ababhali balo mbiko. โOkuningi kwalokhu kukhula komkhiqizo kukhule kulabo abahola kakhulu. Iphesenti eli-1 eliphezulu labaholayo libone izinzuzo ezinqwabelene zamaholo onyaka ezingamaphesenti angu-153.6 phakathi kuka-1979 no-2012โokungaphezu kakhulu komkhiqizo womnotho wonke.โ
Lokhu kungalingani okukhulu kuvezwa imizabalazo yabasebenzi abahola kancane efana ne-OUR Walmart, imikhankaso yemithetho yamaholo aphilayo namareferendamu, kanye nokuhamba ezweni lonke ngabasebenzi bokudla okusheshayo. Ngaphandle kokuziphindiselela kwezinkampani ezifana neWalmart, echitha izigidi kubameli kanye nemiyalelo yokuzama ukumisa imibhikisho nezenzo zasemsebenzini, inqwaba yabasebenzi abahola kancane sebeqala ukumelana nobugovu. Laba basebenzi bayingxenye yokusiza ekwakheni kabusha amanethiwekhi alabo abazokwazi ukuthi ngelinye ilanga bafake inselelo enkulu ezimpahleni ezinkulu zezinkampani.
โNgikholwa ukuthi engikwenzayo kuyinto efanele enhliziyweni yami,โ kusho uDavis, owabamba iqhaza ezinyathelweni ezintathu zokungalaleli umphakathi kanye nesiteleka ngonyaka odlule, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho waxoshwa. โAbasebenzi abahola kancane basizakala baze bafike ezingeni lesithathu.โ
"I-Walmart ingumdayisi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni-kufanele ngabe ibeka izinga kwezinye izinkampani," kusho uDavis. โAmaholo ezikhulu asesimeni esibucayi. Kumele bababuyisele emgqeni.โ Wanezela, ehleka, โI-Walmart isohlwini lwama-CEO ahola kakhuluโsifuna nje ukuthi bahlale nathi futhi babone ukuthi bangangena kanjani ohlwini 'lwezindawo ezifiseleka kakhulu zokusebenza.'
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