NJE bakwethu.
Ezinsukwini ngaphambi kweDemocratic National Convention, u-Barack Obama watshela isixuku endaweni yokosa inyama
Yebo, amaDemocrat ahambela umhlangano
Isizindalwazi somhlangano wamaDemocrats izishaya isifuba ngokuthi iqembu liqopha umlando, “ngomhlangano wokuqala kusukela ngo-1960, lapho uMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy ehambisa inkulumo yakhe yokwamukela eLos Angeles Memorial Coliseum, ukuze avule iminyango yayo kubantu abangaphezu kuka-75,000 abavela ngaphesheya. izwe, njengoba u-Barack Obama emukela ukuqokwa kweDemocratic Alliance njengoMongameli wase-United States e-Invesco Field e-Mile High. Emahoreni okuqala angu-48 ngemva kokukhishwa kwesimemo, abantu baseColoradan abangaphezu kuka-80,000 bacele izincwadi zokuqinisekisa ukuthi umphakathi uzokhuluma ngenkulumo kaSenator Obama."
Kodwa abangakusho ukuthi akubona bonke abahambele umcimbi abadaliwe-noma abazophathwa-ngokulinganayo. Ngesikhathi senkulumo ka-Obama ye-Invesco Field, kubika i New York Times, "abasekeli abaningi bazobe behlezi ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esivulekile ebusuku. Kodwa iqembu labasekeli kanye nabaphathi bezinkampani bazobuka umcimbi kuma-skyboxes aluhlaza, nokudla okuphekiwe kanye nebha egelezayo, kanye nenani lentengo efika ku-$1 million."
Abahambele i-Skybox—okuhlanganisa abamele i-Quest, i-Comcast ne-Xcel Energy kanye no-Tom Golisano, wase-New York Republican onikele ngo-$1 million—bazokwazi nokugwema imigqa yezokuphepha emide, njengoba benomnyango ohlukile “womphakathi” kanye nendawo eyimfihlo. ikheshi ukuze babayise ezihlalweni zabo.
Kunamahemuhemu okuthi u-Oprah Winfrey, ongomunye wabantu abacebe kakhulu emhlabeni, ukujabulele kakhulu ukuba khona emhlanganweni waze waqasha indlu isonto lonke—ebiza u-$50,000, imali engaphezu kwezisebenzi eziningi eziyithola ngonyaka.
Ngaphambi komhlangano, amaDemocrats enze isiqiniseko sokuthi abezindaba bayaklonyeliswa ngokuthobela kwabo futhi baphuzwa iwayini, badliwe futhi bajatshuliswe njengezingane ezoniwe-emhlanganweni.
Uma okweqile kuyitimu engashiwongo yomhlangano weDemocratic Alliance, kuningi okufanayo eNgqungqutheleni Kazwelonke ye-Republican ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva
UMcCain kanye namaRiphabhulikhi bazozama futhi ukuthengisa isithombe sabo "sabantu abavamile" emhlanganweni wabo wengqungquthela-okufana noGeorge W. Bush, isithombe esiqondile, esingenangqondo somfundi wase-prep-school-bese-Yale-graduate-turn. -simple-rancher, wenza eminyakeni emine nesishiyagalombili edlule.
Ngenkathi i-GOP izophakanyiswa amandla adumile eDemocrats–Kanye West vs.
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IMIHLANGANO ayigcini nje ngokuhlaba umxhwele umphakathi waseMelika obuka izenzakalo kumabonakude wesikhathi esiphambili. Baphinde bamayelana namaphathi ngemuva kwamahora angabonwa muntu. Yilapho izinqumo zangempela zenziwa khona.
Izingqungquthela zephathi yilapho umthelela wangempela uthengiswa khona. Abagqugquzeli bezinkampani nabanikelayo bangaphunyuka emithethweni yokhetho yenhlangano elawula iminikelo abangayenza kubantu abathile—ngezikhala ezibenza bakwazi ukunikeza amashumi ezigidi ukuze bafake ezingqungqutheleni.
"Izinkampani ziphendule izingqungquthela zethu zikazwelonke zokuqoka izikhundla zaba yithuba labaphathi nabagqugquzeli ukuthi badle, badle futhi baxoshe abenzi bomthetho benza sengathi inhloso yomphakathi," kusho uMongameli Wezakhamuzi Zomphakathi u-Joan Claybrook.
Njengombiko okhishwe ngo-Agasti 20 yi-Public Citizen uthi, "Namuhla, izingqungquthela zokuqoka umongameli azizona izindaba ezinhle ngoba abaqokwa ngokugabadela bakhethwa kusenesikhathi; bambalwa abantu abanendaba nezingqungquthela, njengemibukiso yababukeli be-TV eyehlayo; nokho imali enenzalo ekhethekile. kunanini ngaphambili iqoqwa futhi isetshenziswe emihlanganweni emikhulu.
"Ngaphansi kokucatshangelwa 'kwe-civic boosterism' iminikelo engenamkhawulo futhi engalawulwa ifakwa ngembobo enkulu kumakomiti abamba iqhaza asebenza kakhulu inhloso yezombangazwe yokuhlinzeka ngokukhangisa kanye nokufinyelela kuzinkampani kanye nabanye abanikela ngemali."
Abaxhasi baphinde baphunyuke emithethweni ngokuthile okubizwa ngokuthi "isikhwama sikamasipala," lapho idolobha elizosingatha leli dolobha lidala isikhwama somhlangano ukuze abanikeli abacebile abazimele, izinkampani namabhange bakwazi ukufaka isandla. Umbandela walesi sikhwama wukuthi kufanele kube ngeyazo zonke izingqungquthela ezisedolobheni-hhayi ezikamengameli kuphela.
Kodwa lokho akuvimbeli isikhwama sikamasipala ukuthi siphume ibhaluni ngaphambi kwengqungquthela yephathi enkulu bese sihwamuka ngemva kwalokho. I-Dallas Convention Fund ngeminyaka yawo-1980 iyisibonelo esihle, ngokusho kwePublic Citizen. "I
Ngenxa yalezi zintuba, inani lemali ethambile engena ezivumelwaneni liye landa kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Ngo-1980 no-1984, izimali zomphakathi zakhokhela imihlangano yamaqembu, ingxenye enkulu—ingaphezu kancane kwamaRandi ayizigidi ezine ngo-4 futhi cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-1980 ngo-7, ngokwePublic Citizen.
Namuhla, uxhaso lukahulumeni luyingxenye encane nje yemali engena ezingqungqutheleni. Ngo-2000, imithombo yangasese yanikeza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-20 emhlanganweni weRiphabhulikhi kanye namaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-36 kumaDemocrats. Ngo-2004, amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-57 angena kumaDemocrats kanye namaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-86 kumaRepublican. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-112 zamaRandi emalini yangasese izogeleza esikhwameni somhlangano ngo-2008.
Izingqungquthela bezingekho mayelana nokudingida inkundla yeqembu noma ukunquma ngoqokiwe isikhathi eside. Akukhona kakhulu mayelana nokunquma ukuthi ubani ozomela iqembu, kodwa mayelana nokuthi amaqembu azomela bani—imboni yezidakamizwa, imboni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, izikhungo zezezimali, njll.
Ngesikhathi somhlangano, izinkampani kanye nabameleli bazo bangathenga isikhathi sobuso esincane nabenzi bomthetho—ngenani. Lapho benikela ekomitini yokusingatha umhlangano, basuke bethenga isihlalo sabo etafuleni.
Futhi bathola abakukhokhelayo. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa zalokho okuthengwa yiminikelo.
"Umxhasi WePlatinum" emhlanganweni we-Republican-umuntu onikela ngesigidi esingu-$1-uthola ukufinyelela kwe-VIP
Lezi zinhlelo zokuthola imali bezingafanelekile kangangokuthi i-RNC yazikhipha ephaketheni layo elishicilelwe ngemuva kokuba abezindaba bebike lolu daba.
Ngokuqondene namaDemocrats, incwajana ethunyelwe egameni le-
Labo abanikeze isigidi esingu-$1 noma ngaphezulu-izinga "Lomxhasi Kamongameli"-bathola izicucu zomhlangano kuwo wonke ama-hospitality suite futhi baqinisekiswa izimemo ezenzakalweni eziyimfihlo ezisingathwa nguSenenja waseColorado, uGov. Bill Ritter Jr., amalungu ethimba lekhongolose yezwe. kanye nabanye osopolitiki abahamba phambili beDemokhrasi.
Umnikelo omncane ungakuthengela ukukhangisa emicimbini yomhlangano. Isibonelo, ukuze ufinyelele izinga le-"Mile High Plus" ku-DNC, umnikeli angakhokha u-$52,800 futhi amenywe emcimbini wekomiti labasingathi, lapho angakwazi khona ukuxubana noma anikeze izikhwama ezinophawu lwenkampani ezihambelini noma abezindaba abakhona. Uma ukhokha imali eyengeziwe, umcimbi ongaya kuwo umkhulu.
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ABALELWA ku-400 amaqembu azophonswa ezingqungqutheleni, iningi lawo elizosingathwa yizinkampani, abagqugquzeli nezinhlangano ezinxenxa abantu.
Ngonyaka odlule, ngesethembiso sokukhuculula inkohlakalo, uKhongolose washaya umthetho okwakufanele uqede umkhuba walabo abafuna ukunxeshezelwa noma izinkampani abazisebenzelayo ukuba benze imicimbi ewubukhazikhazi yokuhlonipha abameli ezingqungqutheleni zeqembu.
Kodwa, njengokujwayelekile, nomaphi lapho kunomthetho, kukhona i-lophole. Ngenkathi i-House Ethics Committee ikhipha imihlahlandlela yayo ngoDisemba, yathi abagqugquzeli noma amakhasimende abo bangaphonsela iqembu lamalungu eNdlu amaphathi, hhayi kummeli oyedwa.
Isibonelo: Iphathi egubha iqembu lamaDemocratic Conservative Democrats elibizwa ngokuthi "Blue Dog Coalition" ngeSonto ebusuku
"Inzuzo yokuqongelela imali ye-Blue Dogs ibe semandleni abo okuthwebula amaqembu anentshisekelo yamabhizinisi ajwayele ukushwiba ama-Republican, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo ethola imali emaqenjini emibono ancike kwesokunxele," kuphawula u-Anit Jindal we-CRP. Kuze kube manje ngomjikelezo wokhetho lwango-2008, leli qembu selihehe izigidi ezingu-2.3 zamaRandi kubaxhasi ngabanye, ingxenye enkulu evela emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, amabhange kanye nezindawo ezithengiswayo.
Kepha i-AT&T ayithathi noma yimaphi amathuba okubhotela uhlangothi olulodwa lwesinkwa sayo sengqungquthela. Emhlanganweni we-Republican, isiqhwaga se-telecom sixhasa ngokubambisana ukwamukela "i-Republican Main Street Partnership" ngaphambi kokuthi umhlangano uqale ngo.
Iphathi ye-"AgNite" e-RNC, ehlanganisa ibhendi ye-rock engakahambi-kodwa-ecishe yakhohlwa
Nazi ezinye izibonelo ezimbalwa ezihlanganiswe inhlangano engenzi nzuzo i-Sunlight Foundation, elandelela izingqungquthela:
- Idili lokuhlonipha "Ikilasi Lentsha" le-House Democrats elixhaswe yi-Visa ne-US Bank.
- I-"Financial Literacy Brunch" emhlanganweni weDemocratic Alliance owawuphethwe yi-Allstate, Bank of America, Capital One, Charles Schwab, US Bank, Visa, Wells Fargo, Wachovia nabanye.
- Inkundla "Yokwakha Imiphakathi Ezinzile" emhlanganweni we-Republican oxhaswe ngu-Fannie Mae, uFreddie Mac, Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yabakhi Bezindlu kanye ne-National Association of Realtors.
— "Ikhonsathi ye-Creative Coalition Gala" emhlanganweni we-Republican ohlanganisa i-Charlie Daniels Band futhi ixhaswe yi-Target.
Enye inketho yezinkampani ezizama ukusebenzela abenzi bomthetho “izindawo zokungenisa izihambi” ezisingathwa yiDemocratic DRM Campaign Committee, lapho abaxhasi bengahlangana khona noSomlomo weNdlu uNancy Pelosi nabanye abaholi beNdlu. E-RNC, e-Honeywell, e-Citi nase-Anheuser-Busch banezindawo zabo zokwamukela izihambi lapho bengenza khona ubungane futhi bathonye abantu.
Isamba esingu-$112 million semali yebhizinisi emibuthanweni. Lokho kunganikeza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuningi, kumise ukuvalwa okumbalwa futhi kukhokhele ibutho elincane lothisha.
Noma ingathenga ithonya elikhulu lezombangazwe.
"Abamabhizinisi bebengeke basebenzise lolu hlobo lwemali uma bengacabangi ukuthi ililungele ibhizinisi," uMeredith McGehee, umqondisi wenqubomgomo kwa-.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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