IGaza ibhekene nenhlekelele yobuntu njengoba i-Israel iqhubeka nokuhlasela kwayo yonke indawo evinjezelwe. Bangaphezu kuka-11,000 abantu asebebulewe kanti iningi lengqalasizinda yaseGaza licekeleke phansi. Ngisho nezibhedlela azikasindiswa olakeni lwakwa-Israel. Kodwa-ke, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba awuzimisele ukuthatha isinyathelo futhi uphoqe u-Israyeli ukuthi ayeke ukubulala. Lokhu ukwehluleka kwenani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokubusa zamazwe ngamazwe, kusho usosayensi wezepolitiki/usomnotho wezepolitiki, umbhali, kanye nentatheli u-CJ Polychroniou engxoxweni nentatheli ye-French-Greek u-Alexandra Boutri. U-Polychroniou naye uyaphikisana nombono wokuthi ukungqubuzana kwe-Israel-Palestine kuyingqayizivele emlandweni futhi uchaza ukuthi kungani. Kulo mongo, uphikisana nokuthi i-US inomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu ngosizi lwamaPalestina ngaphansi kombuso wakwa-Israel.
U-Alexandra Boutri: Kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi, uhlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe lube nezinguquko ezibalulekile. Intando yeningi ekhululekile yasabalala emhlabeni wonke, ukuhwebelana kwezomnotho kwezomnotho kwajula, futhi isimo “senkinga yezokuphepha” sashintsha. Nokho, ukuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi akuzange kuqede ukungqubuzana kwezikhali, kwaba nethonya elincane emthethweni wamazwe ngamazwe, futhi izindlela ezihlangene zokuxazulula izinkinga zeZizwe Ezihlangene zahlala zingaphumeleli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine kuphinde kwavusa intukuthelo yempi yenuzi ngenkathi ngisho nongqongqoshe omncane we-ultranationalist kuhulumeni kaNetanyahu ephakamise ukuthi kudedelwe ibhomu lenuzi eGaza Strip. Uwuhlola kanjani umyalelo wamazwe ngamazwe owakhiwe ngemva kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi? Ingabe iyawa, njengoba abanye besikisela? Futhi ihlobana kanjani nalokho okwenzeka namuhla eGaza?
I-CJ Polychroniou: Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “i-liberal international order” eyakhiwa ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi yayinephutha kusukela ekuqaleni futhi, eqinisweni, yaqala ukubhidlika ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yo-2010. Yayinephutha ngoba yayingasho lutho ngaphandle kwenkathi entsha ye-US hegemony kanye “nokulingisa izindlela zaseMelika.” Ukusuka kwezepolitiki kuye kwezomnotho, i-US yayinamandla, ayizange ibhekane nokuncintisana, futhi yafuna ukusabalalisa inguqulo yayo ye ekahleukuhleleka kwezepolitiki nezomnotho emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi njengoba “izinzuzo ezingenakuqhathaniswa nakancane emakhonweni omhlaba wokuqagela amandla kanye namathuluzi nekhono elidingekayo ukuze kulawulwe ukuvumelana komhlaba jikelele.” Eqinisweni, abanye babecabanga ukuthi njengoba i-US yayiphumelele empini yayo yemibono nobuKhomanisi baseSoviet, futhi ubunxiwankulu nentando yeningi ekhululekile yayinqobile, lowomlando wawusuphelile.
Ukuze kugwenywe ukwenza izinto zibe lula, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi incwadi kaFrancis Fukuyama “yokuphela komlando” yayingasho ukuthi umlando onjalo wawusufinyelele esiphethweni kodwa, kunalokho, kwakungekho lutho olwaludlula intando yeningi yonxiwankulu. Ngamanye amazwi, zazingekho ezinye izindlela ezihlelekile ezazishiywe esikhundleni sentando yeningi yonxiwankulu futhi okwakulindelwe kwakuwukuthi “ukuthula” kuzoqubuka ezifundeni eziningi zomhlaba.
Nokho, izinto zashintsha kakhulu futhi ngokushesha. Izingxabano eziningi kakhulu zaqubuka ngemva nje kokuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi (iMpi YaseGulf, Izimpi ZaseYugoslavia, Izimpi ZaseChechen, ukuhlasela kuka-9/11, kanye ne-Afghan and Iraq Wars, uma sibala ezimbalwa) kangangokuthi kwabonakala ngokushesha ukuthi. umyalo wangemva kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi wawusuvele udabukile njengoba wawungakhulumi ngezimiso eziyisisekelo kodwa i-geopolitics njengenjwayelo. Ngokuphathelene nokusabalala kobunxiwankulu, imfundiso ye-Washington Consensus kanye nezomnotho zezokwelapha ezishaqisayo ezasetshenziswa empumalanga Yurophu, eRussia, eLatin America, nase-Afrika zakhiqiza ama-oligarchs, izifunda ezibuthakathaka, ukungalingani okukhulu, nokuwohloka kwezenhlalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "isikhathi esiyingqayizivele" se-US hegemony maduzane sabhekana nesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu somhlaba wonke ngenxa yokukhula kwamandla amakhulu anjengeRussia neChina, kuyilapho i-Washington Consensus ihlangabezana nokuhlehla emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kwakungesinye futhi inkomba eqinile yokuthi uhlelo lwezizwe ngezizwe lwenkululeko yobungxiwankulu olwacatshangwa yi-United States phakathi “nesikhathi sawo esiyingqayizivele” lwalugcwele ukungqubuzana okungokwemvelo. Kunoma yikuphi, ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, i-US yayilahlekelwe yinoma yikuphi ukwethembeka kwamazwe ngamazwe okungenzeka ukuthi yakuthola eminyakeni yokuqala ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Isibonelo, umkhankaso ka-Obama wokubulala nge-drone wawudume kabi kangangokuthi, njengomqondisi wangaphambili weCIA UMichael Hayden wakubeka ngaleso sikhathi, “akekho uhulumeni emhlabeni ovumelana nezizathu zethu ezingokomthetho zalokhu kusebenza, ngaphandle kwase-Afghanistan mhlawumbe no-Israyeli.” Ngokumangazayo, kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-2010 kuya phambili, abantu emhlabeni wonke baye babheka le I-US njengengozi enkulu yokuthula emhlabeni.
Muva nje, sibone ukwanda komhlaba wonke kokubusa kobushiqela, okuhlanganisa ne-US ngokuphakama kukaDonald Trump esikhundleni sikamongameli kanye nokulawula kwakhe okuphelele kwe-Republican Party, i-Brexit, ukuqhubekela phambili kwamaqembu akude kwesokudla kulo lonke elasentshonalanga ye-Europe nasezindaweni eziningi. ezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, kanye nokugunyazwa kokubusa kwamazwe ngamazwe—konke okuyizinkomba eziqinile zokuthi umyalo wangemva kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi usuphelile. Siphila ezikhathini ze-interregnum—esikhathini soguquko lusuka kwelinye uhlelo lomhlaba luye kolunye.
Ngeshwa, okwenzeka eGaza njengamanje kuwukuqhubeka kohlelo lomhlaba wonke lapho izinhlelo zokubusa zamazwe ngamazwe zingasebenzi, futhi lokho kufaka phakathi izakhiwo ze-UN.
U-Alexandra Boutri: IMpumalanga Ephakathi iyisifunda esisodwa somhlaba lapho izinguquko ezinkulu zezwe zenzeke eminyakeni yamuva nje, nokho ukuthula e-Israel-Palestine kuhlala kungenakwenzeka. Kungani kunjalo?
I-CJ Polychroniou: Kuliqiniso ukuthi sisanda kubona ukuguquka kokuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeka eMpumalanga Ephakathi, kuqala ngokubuyisana kweSaudi-Iran. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukuthi ukujwayela kobudlelwano phakathi kweSaudi Arabia ne-Iran kwanqanyulwa yiChina. Kungani lokho kubalulekile? Ngoba akukhona nje mayelana nethonya elikhulayo laseShayina eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nentshisekelo yayo yokuzibeka njengomxazululi wamazwe ngamazwe endaweni enezinkinga. Lesi sinyathelo kufanele sibonakale esimeni sezinhlelo zezwe laseShayina zokwenza kabusha ukuhleleka komhlaba—okungukuthi, ukwakha enye indlela yamazwe ngamazwe, eqhelelene “nohlelo olukhululekile lwamazwe ngamazwe” olwasungulwa ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili kanye nomsebenzi wayo. -Ukwehluka kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi. I-Egypt ne-Iran nazo ziyasondela ebudlelwaneni obuseduze. Ukucatshangelwa kwezomnotho kubonakala kuyinhliziyo yokungezwani phakathi kweCairo neTehran, kodwa kunjalo nezindaba zokuphepha. Kunjalo, kokubili isivumelwano seSaudi ne-Iran kanye namathemba obudlelwano obuseduze phakathi kweGibhithe ne-Iran kungase kube yinto eyiphupho elibi ku-Israyeli njengoba lezi zenzakalo zingazamazamisa iMpumalanga Ephakathi, kodwa isikhathi kuphela esiyosho ukuthi ikusasa lisiphatheleni.
Umbuzo wokuthi kungani ingxabano ye-Israel-Palestine ingakaxazululwa ungabukwa ngemibono eminingana eyahlukene. Ukungqubuzana okunomlando omude nonzima ongeke wadingidwa lapha. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, kumayelana nezindawo - izingxabano ngemingcele, izimangalo eziqhudelanayo ngeJerusalema, kanye nokuphepha - kuyilapho imibono yezenkolo phakathi kwamaJuda angama-ultra-orthodox kanye namaPalestine angamaSulumane aqinile ivame ukudala ukungezwani futhi ibangele udlame. I-Israel ngokwayo ingumphakathi ohlukene phakathi ngezindinganiso zezombangazwe kanye nendima okufanele inkolo ibe nayo kwezombangazwe. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, isishoshovu sakwa-Israyeli U-Uri Avnery no-Ariel Sharon yaba nengxoxo yobungane. U-Avnery watshela uSharon ukuthi “okokuqala ungumIsrayeli, futhi ngemva kwalokho ungumJuda.” USharoni waphendula ngokufutheka wathi “kuqala ungumJuda, futhi ngemva kwalokho ungumIsrayeli.” Ngempela, poll abonisa ukuthi amaJuda ezwe kwa-Israyeli azibona engowakwa-Israyeli kuqala namaJuda okwesibili, kuyilapho iningi lamaJuda angama-ultra-orthodox lizibona njengamaJuda kuqala bese kuthi ama-Israel abesibili. Ngokufanayo, amaJuda ezwe abeka kuqala izimiso zentando yeningi kunomthetho wenkolo, kuyilapho okuphambene kuyiqiniso ngengxenye enkulu yamaJuda angama-ultra-orthodox.
Kodwa akuyona yonke into empilweni emnyama nemhlophe. AmaJuda amaningi angama-Orthodox emhlabeni wonke azwakalise ukweseka okuqinile ubunzima basePalestine ngaphansi kombuso wakwa-Israel. Abasinde ekuQothulweni Kwesizwe bazigxekile izenzo zakwa-Israel kanye nezinga lokucekela phansi okungakaze libonwe eGaza lapho isibalo sabashonile basePalestine sesidlule abantu abayi-11,000. Futhi ezinye izakhamizi zakwa-Israel zibhikishela impi futhi zithi akumiswe ukulwa. Akufanele siwashaye indiva la mazwi anesibindi futhi siqinisekise ukuthi siyayigxeka inzondo ehambisana ne-islamophobia kanye nokucwasa ngokwebala.
Omunye umbono oyisisekelo wokuthi kungani ukuthula kuye kwahlala kuwumgomo ongaqondakali odabeni lwe-Israel-Palestine uphakamisa ukuthi yingoba lezi zinhlangothi zombili zimane zizondana kangangokuthi zizimisele ukwenzelana izinto ezingenabuntu. Impela, abaholi bakwa-Israel bavame ukusebenzisa ulimi olululaza abantu basePalestine, umbuso wakwa-Israel ubeka uhlelo lwengcindezelo kanye nokubusa ezindaweni ezithathiwe, futhi ukuhlasela kwakamuva kweGaza Strip ehlaselwe kumane kuwubulwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Hamas iphinde yembula imibala yayo yangempela ngokuhlaselwa okunyantisayo ngaphakathi kwendawo yakwa-Israel okwabulala abantu abangaba ngu-1,200 (umnyango wezangaphandle wakwa-Israel ubuyekeze ukwehla kwesibalo sabashonile kusukela ekuhlaselweni kuka-Okthoba 7 Hamas), ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi, kuhlanganise nabesifazane abaningi nezingane. Ismail Haniyeh, umholi we-Hamas ephila ngokunethezeka eQatar naseTurkey, washo lokhu ngosuku izimpi zakhe ezazibulala ngazo abantu abasha emkhosini womculo nasemiphakathini yakwa-Israel kibbutz: “Inye kuphela into esizoyisho kini: phumani ezweni. umhlaba wethu. Suka phambi kwethu. Phuma edolobheni lethu i-Al-Quds [iJerusalema] kanye ne-mosque yethu ye-al-Aqsa. Asisafuni ukukubona kulo mhlaba. Lo mhlaba ungowethu, i-Al-Quds ingeyethu, yonke into [lapha] ingeyethu. Ningabafokazi kuleli zwe elihlanzekile nelibusisiwe. Ayikho indawo yokuphepha kwakho.”
Omunye umbono, ngokusobala oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, uphakamisa ukuthi ukungqubuzana kwe-Israel-Palestine kuyingqayizivele, mhlawumbe akufani nanoma yimuphi omunye emlandweni wanamuhla, yingakho cishe kungenakwenzeka ukuxazulula. Ngicela ukwehluka ngayo yomibili le mibono.
Okokuqala, phakathi nomlando wesintu, amaqembu amaningi ezinhlanga, izinhlanga, nezenkolo ezehlukene azondana ngothando olukhulu njengoba amanye amaJuda akwa-Israel namaPalestine azondana namuhla. Cabanga ngamaKatolika namaProthestani omlando wokuqala wamaNgisi wanamuhla, amaGreki namaTurkey, impi yamaNgisi nama-Ireland, amaHutu namaTutsi, ukuze unikeze izibonelo ezimbalwa nje. Cabanga futhi ngokufundiswa kwamaNazi kanye nezinkolelo ezeqisayo ezimelene namaSemite eJalimane, okwaholela ekugcineni ekuphishekeleni elinye lamacebo amabi amakhulu kakhulu emlandweni wesintu, okungukuthi, “ikhambi lokugcina,” nendlela izinkolelo kumaJuda zagcina zishintshile ngayo. ngemva kwempi ukungenelela kwenqubomgomo.
Okwesibili, yini ngempela ehlukile ngombango we-Israel-Palestine? Kubhekwe ngombono wokuqhathanisa nomlando, izinga lokucekela phansi umphakathi noma izinga lodlame olungakhethi alwenzi ingxabano phakathi kwe-Israel-Palestine. Mayelana nokucekelwa phansi kwezakhamuzi, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezakhamizi ziye zabulawa ezindaweni ezinjengeSyria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Sudan, njalonjalo. Mayelana nodlame olungakhethi, izinhlangothi zombili ezingxabanweni zase-Israeli-Palestine ezinecala, kunenqwaba yamacala lapho ukuqhuma kwamabhomu ezindaweni ezihlala izakhamuzi (i-US eVietnam kanye ne-Battle for Fallujah, isibonelo) kanye nokuhlasela ngokungakhethi kwabantu. (umzabalazo wezikhali e-Algeria wokuthola inkululeko eFrance wawuhilela ukuhlaselwa ngokungakhethi kwabantu, ukuthunjwa kanye nokubulawa kwabantu bangaphandle) ubaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wanamuhla wodlame lwabantu.
Ukungqubuzana kwe-Israel-Palestine kuqale emuva ekupheleni kwe-19th ikhulu leminyaka, futhi ngenkathi ukudalwa kuka-Israyeli (ngokuQothulwa Kwesizwe kudlala indima eyinhloko, nakuba kukhona izazi-mlando ezithi ukusungulwa kuka-Israyeli kwakungenzeka ngaphandle kokuQothulwa Kwesizwe ngenxa yendima yenhlangano yamaZiyoni) kwabangela i-Arab-Israeli yokuqala. Impi, isimo siba nzima kakhulu ngemva kuka-1967 njengoba impi yezinsuku eziyisithupha yavuselela isimo sesifunda ngezindlela eziningi neziyisisekelo futhi yashintsha nesimo sokungqubuzana kwezikhali. Izifunda zama-Arab ngaleso sikhathi zazingenalo intshisekelo yokuqaphela u-Israyeli noma ngokuthula no-Israyeli, kodwa lesi sikhundla sabhidlizwa ngesivumelwano sokuthula se-Israel-Egypt sango-1979, salandelwa yisivumelwano sika-Israel neJordani sango-1994, saphinde sahoxiswa ukuthula okwakuholwa yiSaudi. uhlelo olwamukelwa yingqungquthela yama-Arab eBeirut ngo-2002. Kodwa njengoba isimo sezwe lama-Arab ngaku-Israyeli sishintshashintsha, isimo sakwa-Israyeli, esasiguquguquka ngandlela-thile, saqala ukungabekezeleli: akukho sixazululo semibuso emibili, akukho ukubanda kwezindawo zokuhlala, abukho ubukhosi basePalestine eMpumalanga yeJerusalema, akukho ukubuya kwababaleki basePalestine. Futhi lesi sikhundla saba lukhuni ngempela njengoba umphakathi wakwa-Israyeli uqala ukujika ngendlela efanele.
Noma kunjalo, isikhundla sobuholi bakwa-Israel besingeke sibe lukhuni kangako ukube i-US ibifake ingcindezi ku-Israel ngokusabisa ngokuqeda usizo lwezempi. Kodwa-ke, i-US yayingenandaba nakancane ekucindezeleni u-Israyeli ukuthi enze noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezivumelwano okungenzeka ukuthi zikhiqize imiphumela ebonakalayo ekuthuleni phakathi kuka-Israyeli namaPalestine. Inhloso eyinhloko yaseWashington kwakuwukugcina i-US hegemony esifundeni futhi lokho kwakudinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-Israel njengezwe lesathelayithi. Njengoprofesa waseHarvard wobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe UStephen Walt muva nje, i-US ibhekene nokushoda kwenqubekelaphambili ekuxazululeni ingxabano phakathi kuka-Israyeli namaPalestine, futhi empeleni, "imbangela" yempi yakamuva.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka manje, bonke abaphathi baseMelika, noma ngabe iDemocratic Alliance noma iRiphabhulikhi, isho into efanayo: okungukuthi, ukuthi i-United States "izibophezele ekuxazululeni ingxabano ye-Israel-Palestine." Kodwa-ke, empeleni, inqubomgomo yase-US maqondana nePalestine iqhutshwa yinhloso eyodwa kuphela, okuwukugcina isimo sikhona. I-US ibilokhu ibheka ngenye indlela uma kukhulunywa ngobugebengu bakwa-Israel kanye nokuphulwa komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuthatha isibonelo esisodwa, i-Israel inomgomo osenesikhathi eside wokuhlalisa izakhamuzi endaweni yasePalestine. Kusukela eFord naseCarter kuya eBiden namuhla, wonke umongameli wase-US uye wangena emlandweni ephikisana nokwandiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala zakwa-Israel endaweni yasePalestine. Kodwa lokhu kube “ukugxeka” okungasho lutho nhlobo njengoba kungazange kuhambisane nanoma iyiphi ingcindezi yokuthi u-Israyeli ayeke imisebenzi yokuhlaliswa kwabantu engekho emthethweni ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. I-Pillage futhi iyicala lempi ngaphansi kweSitatimende SaseRome seNkantolo Yamacala Obugebengu Yamazwe Ngamazwe. Ukwengeza inhlamba ekulimaleni, emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, i-US iphikisana nezinqumo ezingaphezu kuka-53 zoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN ezigxeka izinqubomgomo zakwa-Israel.
Kungashiwo okufanayo ngesixazululo semibuso emibili. I-US ikhokhele kuphela isixazululo semibuso emibili. Eqinisweni, kusukela ku-Oslo Accords, isisombululo semibuso emibili sesiphenduke “ihlaya elisobala emaphasishi eNhlangano Yezizwe,” ngokusho kowayeyisikhulu se-UN. Craig Mokhiber.
Ngamafuphi, akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ukungqubuzana kwe-Israel-Palestine kusalokhu kungaxazululiwe uma singengezi esithombeni indima ebalulekile edlalwe yi-United States ekuhlangabezaneni, ngezinga elikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, izinjongo zika-Israyeli. IWashington idinga i-Israel ngezintshisekelo zayo ze-geostrategic eMiddle East. Kungakho i-Israel idlala indima enkulu kangaka kunqubomgomo yase-US nokuthi kungani u-Israyeli ethi “umamukeli omkhulu kunabo bonke onqwabelene wosizo lwangaphandle lwase-US kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II.” Kungakho futhi iWashington ibekezelela ubugebengu bempi bakwa-Israel kanye nobugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini, okwenza i-US ibe nesandla ngokuphelele ekuhlaselweni kwePalestine. Kodwa ungakhathazeki ngokuhlanganyela. I-US yethule izimpi eziningi, yenza unya, futhi yadala izimbobo ezimnyama ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni jikelele. Inecala lamacala amaningi empi.
U-Alexandra Boutri: Izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu njenge-Amnesty International kanye neHuman Rights Watch zikhiphe imibiko echaza i-Israel njengezwe lobandlululo. Ochwepheshe abaningi bezomthetho nabo bayavumelana nokuchazwa kwe-Israel njengombuso wobandlululo, okuhlanganisa nama-rapporteurs aqokwe yi-UN. Kunjalo, izikhulu zakwa-Israel kanye namaqembu asekela u-Israel e-US bayigxekile imibiko ebiza i-Israel izwe lobandlululo njenge-antisemitism, kanti muva nje iNdlu iphinde yaphasisa isinqumo sokuthi i-Israel ayilona izwe elicwasa ngokwebala noma lobandlululo. Uthini umbono wakho ngalolu daba
I-CJ Polychroniou: Okokuqala, mangisho umbono wokuthi konke ukugxekwa kwezinqubomgomo zakwa-Israel ngokwemvelo kuwukungahambisani namaJuda kungaphezu kokuhlekisa futhi kuhloselwe ukuthulisa ukugxeka kanye nenkulumo-mpikiswano. Mayelana nesinqumo seNdlu, lokho bekungafanele kumangaze kunoma ngubani oqonda ukuguquguquka kwepolitiki yase-US kanye nenqubomgomo yase-US ku-Israel. Singakhohlwa futhi ukuthi iMelika yeseka uhulumeni wobandlululo waseNingizimu Afrika wobandlululo futhi yaphikisana noMandela. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngamalungelo abantu kanye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, i-US iyizwe lokugcina emazweni asentshonalanga ukuthi noma ubani kufanele alalele ukuthi ithini. Mayelana nokuthi i-Israel iyizwe lobandlululo, angicabangi ukuthi okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwa-Israel kungafaniswa nokwakwenzeka eNingizimu Afrika ngaphansi kobandlululo. Ngaphansi kobandlululo, umbuso waseNingizimu Afrika wawusebenzisa imithetho eqinile yokucwasa ngokwebala. Abansundu babelawulwa imithetho yobandlululo eyayibaphoqelela ukuba babe mpofu futhi baphelelwe ithemba. Konke bekuhlukaniswa ngesikhathi amaphoyisa ephethe izinja ezikhonkothayo namasosha ahlomile ezulazula emalokishini. Abantu basePalestine abahlala kwa-Israel, okuyisibalo esingaba yisihlanu sezakhamizi zakwa-Israel, banezinga lesibili futhi amalungelo abo asenciphile kusukela uNetanyahu eqale ihlandla lakhe lesibili njengondunankulu, kodwa ubandlululo lwaseNingizimu Afrika alufani no-Israel. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba Noam Chomskyuseveze kaningi eminyakeni edlule, okwenzeka endaweni yasePalestine kubi kunobandlululo lwaseNingizimu Afrika. Ngicabanga ukuthi iphuzu lakhe lokuthi iNingizimu Afrika yobandlululo yayidinga abasebenzi abamnyama kuyilapho ama-Israel ayengenalo usizo kubantu basePalestine ezindaweni ezifana neGazais.
U-Alexandra Boutri: Ngakho-ke, uma izinhlelo zokubusa zamazwe ngamazwe emhlabeni wanamuhla zingakwazi ukubhekana nenkinga yobuntu ehlasimulisayo njengalena eyenzeka eGaza, yiliphi ithemba elikhona ngesixazululo sengxabano ye-Israel-Palestine?
CJ Polychroniou: Ngifisa sengathi ngabe nginayo impendulo yalo mbuzo, kodwa anginayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi sisesenkathini yokubusa kombuso wesizwe futhi lapho, ngeshwa, isisho sikaThucydides esithi “abanamandla benza njengokufisa kwabo, nababuthakathaka bahlupheka ngalokho okufanele” sisasebenza ebudlelwaneni bamazwe ngamazwe. . Ukufaka ingcindezi kuhulumeni wase-US ukuthi aphoqelele u-Israel ukuthi ahloniphe umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe futhi aqede umsebenzi yiyona nto izakhamuzi zaseMelika ezingayenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngethemba ukuthi ama-Israel nawo azobuyela ezingqondweni futhi akhethe uhulumeni ohloniphekile ozophishekela ngobuqotho isisombululo semibuso emibili njengoba lokhu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuphepha kuka-Israyeli.
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Nikela