I-referendum yesiFrentshi kumgaqo-siseko we-EU yenzeka ngomhla we-29 ngoMeyi, ilandelwa yireferendamu efanayo eNetherlands ngomhla we-1 kaJuni. Uvoto lwezimvo lubonisa icala elithi 'hayi' lijonge phambili, kodwa kuwo omabini la mazwe kusekufutshane kakhulu ukuba ungafowuna. Olu dliwano-ndlebe lulandelayo lusekelwe kwiinkcazo-ntetho ezinikwe kwiNtlanganiso yaBalingane beZiko leNguqulelo (TNI) eAmsterdam nge-21 kaMeyi. USusan George (SG) oseParis nguMlawuli oDibeneyo we-TNI, uSekela Mongameli we-Attac France kunye nomkhankasi osebenzayo ngokuchasene nomgaqo-siseko. U-Erik Wesselius (EW) umphandi kwi-Corporate Europe Observatory kunye noNobhala we-Comitรฉ Grondwet Nee (iKomiti yaseDatshi ye-NO Vote) e-Netherlands.
Ithini imeko yoluvo loluntu eFransi naseNetherlands ngalo mzuzu?
I-EW: Ayisosininzi nje esichasene nesivumelwano saseNetherlands, ngokwee-polls zamva nje. Kwiveki ephelileyo uvoto ngenene belusengamashumi amahlanu anesihlanu phakathi kuka ewe kunye nohayi, kodwa uvoto oluphume izolo nanamhlanje lubonisa phakathi kwe 60 pesenti kunye ne 64 pesenti kuhayi. Ngoko, sibona ukuba kukho uphuhliso olukhulu kwiveki ephelileyo, endicinga ukuba inento eninzi yokwenza nokuba urhulumente waseDatshi ukhankasa kakhulu ngokuthanda umgaqo-siseko. Nangona ndithandabuza ukuvota kwezimvo, ndiya ndiqiniseka ngakumbi ukuba oku kuyenzeka ngokwenene. Andizange ndiyicinge into yokuba xa sasiqala iphulo lethu ukuba laliza kuphuhla kweli cala.
SG: Nangona inani labantu abangaqinisekanga lihla ngokuthe ngcembe - uyazi ukuba uvoto lumalunga nentamo kunye nentamo eFransi ngokunjalo - abantu baxhalabile malunga nokuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni emva koko, kuba urhulumente uye wathembela kwingxoxo yesiphithiphithi. Impendulo yethu kuloo nto ithi 'hayi, buyela apho ukhoyo namhlanje. Okwangoku sinomnqophiso oNice kwaye kwixesha elidlulileyo kukho isivumelwano malunga neenyanga ezintathu, ngoko akukho sizathu sokucinga ukuba oku akuyi kuqhubeka njengesiqhelo '. Kodwa ngeli xesha asizukubuya umva, kuba bekukho ingxoxo enkulu kawonke-wonke kwaye abantu ngoku bazi ngakumbi ukuba yintoni kanye kanye imigaqo-nkqubo yaseYurophu. Ke ngoku singaba nengxoxo-mpikiswano yokwenyani malunga nokuba leliphi icala esifuna ukuya kulo.
Zeziphi ezona zinto uzigxekayo ngomgaqo-siseko?
SG: UValรฉrie Giscard d'Estaing, owayesakuba ngumongameli waseFransi, utyunjwe njengentloko yengqungquthela yomgaqo-siseko evelise olu xwebhu. Amalungu endibano, ali-105 kuwo, akhankanywe phezulu, amiselwa. Malunga nesibini esithathwini kubo yayingamapalamente aseYurophu okanye esizwe, kodwa abazange banyulwe ngabemi ukuba benze oku. Kwakukho nabanye ekwakusithiwa bamele imibutho yoluntu. Ke eso sigxeko sokuqala: inkalo engeyiyo eyedemokhrasi. Ingqungquthela yomgaqo-siseko idla ngokuba liqumrhu elinyuliweyo, ukuze lize ngengqiqo ebantwini. Lo mgaqo-siseko awuphumi ebantwini; ivela kwiqela elimiselweyo.
EW: Ndingathetha ngale nto kangangeeyure, kodwa owona myalezo usisiseko ngowokuba lo mgaqo-siseko awukho phantsi kwedemokhrasi kwaye ukuba siyawamkela singashiyeka sinemeko enganelanga kwaphela kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini izayo. Ndicinga ukuba oko kuyingozi kakhulu kwikamva lentsebenziswano yaseYurophu. Ingxoxo yesibini esisiseko yeyokuba umgaqo-siseko mawufundeke kwaye ufikeleleke kuluntu. Ayifanele ibe luxwebhu olunamaphepha angama-20, enamaphepha angama-480 angakumbi ezihlomelo nezibhengezo. Iphambene ngokwenene.
SG: Amalungu endibano asebenze isithuba esingangeminyaka emibini kwaye bekufanele ukuba ajongane nolungelelwaniso lwamagunya, njengoko ubuya kwenza ngokwesiqhelo kumgaqo-siseko. Ngaphandle koku, bekufanele ukuba bawumisele umgaqo-siseko uMqulu, isibhengezo esisisiseko samalungelo ebesifakwe kwiSivumelwano saseNice kodwa ebesingamiselwa ngokusesikweni ngaphaya koko. Emva koko, ngenxa yezizathu endingacacanga ngazo, uGiscard d'Estaing ngokwakhe wagqiba ekubeni abandakanye icandelo lesithathu, elijikeleze ikota yesithathu yoxwebhu kwaye olu luluhlu lonke lwemigaqo-nkqubo eneenkcukacha.
EW: Olu xwebhu luqulethe umgaqo-nkqubo omninzi. Ibandakanya isahluko esipheleleyo semigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho ngokusisiseko ilungisa iYurophu kwisakhelo seniyo-liberal. Olo hlobo lwezinto akufanele lubekho kumgaqo-siseko kuba ukuba oorhulumente baseYurophu bangathanda ukutshintsha olo khetho lomgaqo-nkqubo alunakwenzeka, luya kuba luchasene nomgaqo-siseko. Ngoko ke kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye kulula kakhulu ukucacisela abantu. Ukufakwa kwesi sahluko siphela kwimigaqo-nkqubo yeniyo-liberal kumgaqo-siseko yenye yeengongoma eziphambili esizigxekayo.
Esinye isigxeko esibalulekileyo kumkhosi we-EU. Olu xwebhu luquka amanqaku aphambili athi amazwe angamalungu e-EU aya kuphucula amandla awo emkhosini minyaka le. Oku kuye kwajikwa yinxalenye yekhohlo, abathi ukuphuculwa akuthethi ukuba kuchithwa imali eninzi, kodwa ukuba uyazi ukuba ezi zindululo zivela phi uye ube nexhala. Ziyimveliso yeqela elisebenzayo eliquka abameli abaninzi beshishini lomkhosi laseYurophu, nabafuna ukuthengisa iimpahla zabo. Yiyo loo nto babevuya kakhulu ukuba nale mihlathi kumgaqo-siseko waseYurophu.
SG: Icandelo lesithathu libandakanya uluhlu olupheleleyo lwemigaqo-nkqubo kuzo zonke iindawo, kwezolimo, kokusingqongileyo, intsebenziswano yamapolisa, ubulungisa, ibhanki enguvimba, njalo njalo. Kodwa eyona nto iphambili kukuba, nangona kunjalo, iinjongo zombutho ziwuchaza njengoqoqosho. indawo apho unenkululeko yokuhamba ngempahla, iinkonzo, abantu kunye nenkunzi, kunye nesithuba apho ukhuphiswano lukhululekile kwaye lungathintelwa. Ukhuphiswano luza kwisicatshulwa amaxesha angama-47, igama elithi market 78 amaxesha, ibinzana elithi inkqubela yentlalontle ayikhankanywanga kwaphela, okanye kanye ndiyaqikelela, kwaye intswela-ngqesho ayikhankanywanga kwaphela.
Sinezichaso ezininzi kumxholo wolu xwebhu, kodwa eyona inkulu kukuba esi sicatshulwa asilungiswanga, asihlaziywa. Ayilungiseki kuba ufuna imvisiswano kathathu kuwo onke amazwe angama-25. Ukulungisa umgaqo-siseko kufuneka kuqala kubekho ingqungquthela, ekufuneka ifikelele kwimvumelwano. Emva koko banikezela ngosana kwiintloko zikarhulumente, nazo kufuneka zivumelane nolu tshintsho lucetywayo. Emva koko kungena kwinkqubo efana nale sihamba kuyo ngoku, yokwamkelwa kwepalamente okanye iireferendamu, kwaye nayo kufuneka ivumelane ngazwi linye kungenjalo umgaqo-siseko awunakuguqulwa. Ke ithathwa nguye nabani na oyifundileyo into ukuba ayinakwenzeka ukuba ayilungise.
Baye basabela njani oorhulumente baseFransi nabamaDatshi kweli phulo lokungabikho?
SG: Urhulumente waseFransi usebenzisa ingxabano yokuba akukho 'Plan B', kwaye ngenxa yokuba iFransi ithi hayi loo nto ayithethi ukuba abanye oorhulumente baya kuvuma ukuphinda baxoxisane. Impendulo yethu kuloo nto kukuba umntu kufuneka ayiyeke le nto kwaye, ngokusemthethweni, ukuba iFransi ivoti hayi olu xwebhu luphumile. Iphumele wonke umntu.
UMongameli uJacques Chirac naye uthi 'siya kuba zimvu ezimnyama zaseYurophu.' Urhulumente uzama ukwenza abantu bakholelwe ukuba siyakuphila phantsi komthetho owahlukileyo kwiYurophu iphela, ukuba wonke umntu uya kuba nomgaqo-siseko kodwa siya kuba nento eyahlukileyo, kwaye baye babhidanisa oku kunye nenqaku elitsha elithi urhulumente unelungelo lokuyishiya iYurophu. Ngoko ke bakhuthaza ukungacaci kule ngongoma.
Kodwa ngokwenene sivakalelwa kukuba emva kokuvota kuya kuba nexesha elide lengxoxo kunye nokuba ukulingana kwamandla kuya kutshintsha kakhulu. Ukuba siphumelele oko kuthetha ukuba ubunkokeli bobuSoshiyali bujongelwa phantsi, umongameli akahlonelwa kwaye inkulumbuso nayo-isiphumo siya kuba sisidubedube sezopolitiko kwipolitiki yaseFransi. Emva koko sinokuba nengxoxo-mpikiswano yokwenyani malunga nokuba sifuna ntoni na ngokulandelayo namaqabane ethu akwamanye amazwe. Yiloo nto emele yenzeke. Kodwa okokuqala kufuneka sithi hayi, oku akusiyo imodeli esiyifunayo kwiYurophu nakwihlabathi.
EW: E-Holland basanda kuvuma uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhethekileyo lwezigidi ezine ze-euro ukukhankasela u-ewe, kuba babesoyika kakhulu u-hayi. Siqalise ityala lenkundla ukuba sifune ukuba le mali ingasetyenziswa, okanye ukuba akukho phulo kufuneka lifumane ukufikelela okulinganayo kumajelo eendaba kunye nezixa ezilinganayo zemali, kuba oku kungaphandle ngokupheleleyo. Akukho phulo libe ne-euro ye-400,000 iyonke, kwaye isasazwe kwiqela lamaqela. Iqela lam, elona qela lisebenzayo elikhankasela i-hayi, lifumene i-euro ezingama-30,000 kuphela, ngoko ke sinokuthelekisa ama-30,000 ethu nezigidi ezine zawo.
Nangona kunjalo, ndicinga ukuba sinokuvuyiswa kukuba urhulumente akathandwa ngabantu baseDatshi ngeli xesha, kuba uye wasebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo enzima ye-neo-liberal social. Bekukho uqhanqalazo oluninzi lwemanyano yabasebenzi ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo kwaye ndicinga ukuba into esiyibonayo ngoku kolu tshintsho lucacileyo olusiya kuhayi luhlobo lokuhlawula.
SG: Ndingathanda ukubulela owayesakuba nguMkomishinala waseYurophu uFrits Bolkenstein, owayesakuba lilungu likarhulumente waseDatshi, ngokuza eFransi nokukhusela umyalelo wakhe, omalunga nenkululeko yokuhamba kweenkonzo kunye nendlela imithetho yelizwe lemvelaphi esebenza ngayo. kwaye ingabi ngumthetho welizwe ekunikelwa kulo inkonzo. Uye wathi akakholelwa kuyo yonke le nto yovoto, ukuba abantu banyulwe ukuba bavote kwezi zinto kwaye kufuneka nje bavunyelwe ukuba baqhubeke nayo, kwaye abantu abaqhelekileyo mabangabandakanyeki kule ngxoxo. Ngoko oko kwaba luncedo lokwenene. Oko kwaba lukhuthazo olukhulu kuthi.
EW: Urhulumente waseDatshi wenze iimpazamo ezininzi zobudlelwane boluntu. Elinye lawona maqela alawulayo, iLiberals, lenze isibhengezo sikamabonakude apho babonisa khona imifanekiso yeAuschwitz, Srebrenica - eyona nto ibuhlungu enkulu yaseDatshi-kwaye emva koko kwaqhushumba iMadrid, kwaye umyalezo wokuqukumbela wawusithi 'sifuna umgaqo-siseko we-EU yenza iYurophu ibe ngcono kwaye ikhuseleke.' Ke emva koko iiLiberals zacinga 'owu ke, mhlawumbi ayingombono ulungileyo ukusasaza oku,' kodwa ngelishwa kubo iikliphu zazisele zijikeleza kwi-intanethi. Lo ngumzekelo omhle wendlela urhulumente aswele ngayo iingxoxo zokuthengisa umgaqo-siseko. Ngokwenene babuyela kwiingxelo ezingenanto malunga nokuba kutheni iYurophu ibaluleke kangaka.
SG: Urhulumente waseFransi ukhupha zonke iintambo. Bayaphakuzela. Oosomashishini babethe 'asizukukhankasa ngokukhutheleyo kuba sicinga ukuba ayizukuba licebo elilungileyo, isenokungabi namveliso.' Kodwa kule veki zingaphezulu kwekhulu iinkokheli zamashishini ezinkulu ezityikitye isibheno sokuba kuvotelwe u-ewe. Umphathiswa wezokhuselo uthe: 'ukuba awuvoteli u-ewe, iYurophu iya kudutyulelwa esihogweni.' Baphakuzela nyhani. I-Chirac yabonakala kwi-TV kunye neqela labantu abancinci abakhethwe ngokucophelela, kwaye amalungu amabini e-ATTAC agxothwa ngenxa yokuba athi ayenamaqela amaninzi. Ke abantwana abaseleyo bekufanele ukuba bathobele kwaye bahle, kodwa babuza imibuzo malunga nekamva lethu uChirac akakwazanga ukuyiphendula, kwaye ii-polls ze-no zenyuka emva koko. Ngoko sibulela uChirac naye. Kwaye kukho inkulumbuso. Qho xa engena kumabonakude uyasinceda.
Abantu bakwavota ngokuchasene nokubonakaliswa kwe-neo-liberalism e-France ukuba bebebandezelekile ukusukela oko wonyulwayo urhulumente okhoyo ngo-2002.
Uqale njani kwaye kutheni ukusebenzela malunga novavanyo?
EW: Saqala malunga nonyaka onesiqingatha odlulileyo. Ngokwenene, sasiyiqela labantu abavela kwimbono ekhohlo ngokubanzi abaye basebenza kwimiba ye-EU ixesha elide. Bendisebenza kwimiba ye-EU ukusukela phakathi koo-1990 kwaye ndabandakanyeka kwisamithi engenye ngo-1997 ngexesha lothethathethwano lweSivumelwano saseAmsterdam.
Siye sahlala kunye saza saceba indlela yokujongana nalo mbuzo wovoto kunye nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba akuzukwenzeka ukuba urhulumente athi 'xa usithi hayi ungumntu wobuhlanga,' lo nto ibinokusibeka kwikona enye njengelungelo. -amaphiko populists.
SG: Ingxoxo-mpikiswano yaseFransi ngomgaqo-siseko yaqala ngendlela ephantsi. Asizange sisebenze kuyo unyaka onesiqingatha, kodwa besisebenza ngayo ukusukela kwihlobo elidlulileyo. I-ATTAC yakhupha uluhlu lwamabango angama-21 kwinkomfa yangaphakathi kurhulumente ngo-2004, akukho nalinye kuwo elanelisekayo, ngaphandle nje kokuba ukulingana phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini kwabekwa kwiinjongo, kodwa oko yayilibango elinye kuphela kuma-21; abanye abanelisekanga. Yaqala ke inkqubo endingakwaziyo ukuyichaza, kuba le yeyona ngxoxo-mpikiswano inkulu ebesinayo eFransi ukusukela ngo-1968. Andazi ukuba ivela phi le nto. Kumele ukuba yinto yokuba akukho mntu uceliwe ukuba anike uluvo lwakhe malunga neYurophu kwiminyaka eyi-13 edluleyo. Ixesha lokugqibela lalijikeleze i-Maastricht, ngo-1992, kwaye baqhubeka besithi (urhulumente kunye no-Giscard d'Estaing kunye nabantu ababhala umgaqo-siseko) 'kuhle, ungakhathazeki malunga necandelo lesithathu, oku ayisiyongxaki ngokwenene, oko kukuthi. isishwankathelo nje sazo zonke izinto ezazikho kwiminqophiso yangaphambili, nahlala phantsi ke noko, niya kuphila phantsi kwayo. Kodwa abantu babengazi ngokwenene ukuba iYurophu yayifakwe yonke into, yonke ibhalwe phantsi kuxwebhu olunye. Iintshaba zethu azizange zicaphule isicatshulwa. Nje ukuba uqalise ukuyicaphula, kwaye abantu bafumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le kwaye bafumanise ukuba yintoni eza kumiselwa umgaqo-siseko kwaye ingahlaziywayo kwaye ingalungiswa, baye boyika ukufa.
Ngokumalunga noququzelelo ngokuchasene nomgaqo-siseko, oko kwaqala ngenene 'ngobizo lwama-200', eyayiluxwebhu olutyikitywe ngabantu abangama-200 ababephuma kwiindawo ngeendawo zasekhohlo, kubandakanywa imibutho, imibutho yabasebenzi, amaqela, njl njl. iimbumba kulo lonke elaseFransi. Ngoku kukho phakathi kwama-800 kunye nama-900 aqokeleleneyo asezantsi kwinqanaba lesebe, kwinqanaba lesixeko, okanye ngamanye amaxesha nangaphantsi. Ezi ndibano beziququzelela iingxoxo-mpikiswano kwilizwe lonke. Bendikwingxoxo-mpikiswano ukusuka kwi-100 ukuya kwi-5000 yabathathi-nxaxheba. Ilungelo alifiki ndawo kufutshane nolu hlobo lwezihlwele.
EW: Ekuqaleni kwephulo lethu besifuna ukubandakanya imibutho yasekuhlaleni kunye neeNGO. Ingcamango yethu yayikukwenza uhlobo lweqonga njengoko senzile ngexesha le-counter-summit ye-1997, ingqungquthela yaseYurophu esuka ngaphantsi, kodwa safumanisa ukuba akukho nanye i-NGOs eyayikulungele ukuthatha indawo yangempela kumgaqo-siseko. Ngokukodwa, babesoyika ukukhetha esidlangalaleni ukuba akukho cala. Ngoko ke ngokusisiseko kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba senze olo hlobo lomanyano.
Siye sagqiba ekubeni sigxile ekuphembeleleni imiqathango yengxoxo. Siqale ngokubhala amanqaku angomgaqo-siseko ngokwethu, saphinda sacela nabanye abantu abasuka kwimvelaphi eyahlukeneyo yezopolitiko, umzekelo abaphuma kumbutho weSocial Democrat kunye neGreen party ukuba benze okufanayo. Ke, sikwanazo iziqwengana ezibhalwe ngamalungu amaqela axhasa ivoti ye-ewe, kunye nohlalutyo lomxholo kunye nezigxeko zomgaqo-siseko eziqokelelwe kwincwadi enye. Siye savelisa nolunye uhlobo lwezixhobo, njengencwadana enemifanekiso apho sichaza izinto esizichasayo eziphambili nxamnye nomgaqo-siseko. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba oko kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ukusuka kwicala lasekunene akukho mxholo ulungileyo, akukho phantse akukho mxholo, kwaye ndicinga ukuba ibe yinzuzo enkulu kuthi.
SG: Sivelise imathiriyeli eninzi. Iincwadi ezimalunga nomgaqo-siseko zezona zithengiswa kakhulu. I-ATTAC yavelisa incwadi encinci kunye nomfanekiso kaChirac kunye noFrancois Roland, ongunobhala jikelele weqela le-Socialist, kwikhava yeveki eyaziwayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Match. Isihloko esithi 'bavuma omnye komnye.' Uyazi, kubonakala ngathi ngumtshato we-gay, kwaye sinomfanekiso wabo be-ice-skating kunye kwaye bathi ewe omnye komnye. Kule ncwadana siphendule zonke iingxoxo zeqela leSocialist kunye ne-UMP ye-center-right. Oku kuthengiswe iikopi ezingama-38,000 kwiveki yokuqala. Emva koko sakhupha enye incwadi echaza uMgaqo-siseko inyathelo nenyathelo.
Ayizizo zonke izigxeko zomgaqo-siseko ezivela kwinkampu enenkqubela. Yeyiphi eminye imikhosi yezopolitiko exhasa uvoto lohayi?
I-EW: Inxalenye yelungelo iyahlanganisana kulo mba, kwaye bebekhankasela ukuba hayi nabo, kodwa kude kube ngoku iyamangalisa into yokuba sikwazile ukufumana iindaba ezingaphezulu kunabo. Ukuza kuthi ga kule veki ibililizwi lethu kuphela ebesixoxisana ngevoti yokungabikho kumajelo eendaba. Ngoku uGeert Wilders, usopolitiki olwela amalungelo abantu, ukhenketha ngebhasi, ukuze loo nto imenze athathele ingqalelo amajelo eendaba, kodwa okwangoku akunakwenzeka ukuba urhulumente atsho ukuba uyawuchasa umgaqo-siseko kufuneka ube ngumphambukeli. .
SG: Ndicinga ukuba icala lika-ewe lelo likhuthaza i-neo-liberalism esulungekileyo nengqongqo. Imalunga nokuthatha iYurophu iyise kwimodeli yaseMelika apho kukho ukhuseleko oluncinci loluntu, kwaye kukho ukhuphiswano lomntu wonke ngokuchasene nomntu wonke. Iinkonzo zoluntu ziya kuthotywa kakhulu, imfundo yasimahla kunye nempilo yasimahla inokuchaphazeleka kakhulu. Ke icala ewe libonelela ngemodeli yaseMelika yokhuphiswano, apho imarike ithatha isigqibo kwaye kukho ipolitiki encinci kakhulu. Abantu baya kuhluthwa ithuba lokuthatha isigqibo malunga nantoni na.
I-European Left yahlulwe malunga nalo mbandela. Kutheni amanye amaqela ezopolitiko exhasa u-ewe?
EW: E-Netherlands iqela laseGreen Left lithi ewe kumgaqo-siseko. Ngoko ke ekuphela kweqela elishiyekileyo elikhankasela ukungabikho kwevoti liqela lobuSoshiyali.
Iqela eliHlaza lixoxa ukuba nangona oku kungengomnqophiso ofanelekileyo, lenza inkqubela phambili malunga nokuphucula idemokhrasi kwinqanaba le-EU. Uvavanyo lwabo kwakhona kukuba, ngaphakathi kwimeko yezopolitiko yangoku, ukuba unokuxoxisana kwakhona mancinci amathuba okuba nantoni na engcono iya kuphuma. Bathi isivumelwano siya kwenza iYurophu ibe ngcono ekujonganeni nentswela-ngqesho, iqulethe uphuculo oluninzi kumgaqo-nkqubo wokusingqongileyo, njl.
SG: Ndibona ukufana okuninzi phakathi kweNetherlands neFrance. I-Socialists yayinoluvo lwangaphakathi kwiqela kwaye ubunkokeli baphuma kudala ukuba ewe (yayimalunga ne-60-40). Isiphumo sesokuba amaSocialists ahlukene ngoku, kuba abantu ababini abaphambili kubunkokeli beqela baphume kuluhlu. Omnye yinkulumbuso yangaphambili uLaurent Fabius, kwaye omnye, uHenri Emmanuelli, ukhokela umkhwa owona ukude ngasekhohlo. Inkokheli zombutho zibatyhola ngokudlala umdlalo weFascist, kwaye baye bathukwa banyeliswa liqela labo. Oku akwehlanga kakuhle kwirenki kunye nefayile. Kwi-poll nganye, ngaphezu kwe-50 pesenti yabantu abazichaza njengamaSocialists bathi baya kuvota. Kwenzeka into efanayo nakwiGreens.
Uphendula njani kwiingxoxo ezithethelela imiba etyholwa ngokuba yinkqubela phambili yoMgaqo-siseko?
SG: Inxalenye yokuqala yomgaqo-siseko imalunga nokwabiwa kwamagunya kwaye ikwaqulathe amagatya omkhosi. Itsho ngokucacileyo ukuba i-NATO iza kuba lelona candelo liphambili lokhuselo lwamazwe akwi-EU. Oko kuyinxalenye enye, kodwa iPalamente yaseYurophu ayinawo amandla okuqalisa umthetho okanye ukunyusa irhafu, kwaye ayinawo amandla epalamente eqhelekileyo kwilizwe eliqhelekileyo.
Icandelo lesibini ngumqulu wamalungelo osisiseko. Abantu abaninzi baneengxaki ngale nto, ngakumbi eFransi, kuba ihlehla xa ithelekiswa nomgaqo-siseko waseFransi kunye neminye imigaqo-siseko ebhalwe ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-18, kuquka nokubhengezwa kokuqala kwamalungelo amadoda nabasetyhini. Omnye wesolotya lomqulu, umzekelo, uthi unelungelo lokukhangela umsebenzi kodwa hayi ukuba unelungelo lokusebenza. Umsebenzi awuphathwa njengelungelo elisisiseko. Kodwa ilungelo lokusebenza sisiseko esisisiseko sembuyekezo yabantu abangaphangeliyo, ngoko ke oku kukuhlehla kakhulu. Kukho nabanye. Amabhinqa amaninzi avakalelwa kukuba ukukhankanywa nje ngokulula kokuba โwonke umntu unelungelo lokuphilaโ ngaphandle kokukhankanywa kweenzuzo zamabhinqa kumazwe ahlukahlukeneyo kukusilela okunzulu, yaye avakalelwa kukuba eli candelo labhalwa ngolo hlobo ngenxa yokuba kumazwe awahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka iPortugal neIreland, kukho ukungabikho kokusesikweni. akukho lungelo lokulawula ukuzala, ukukhupha isisu, njl.
Kukho ezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibonakala ngathi zibuyela umva kuthi kwaye ekupheleni kwetshatha ithi 'oku akudali misebenzi mitsha okanye izibophelelo ze-EU kwaye nasiphi na isigqibo senkundla malunga nalo asilolungelo elibangwayo.' Ngamanye amazwi, izigqibo zenkundla azinakunyanzelisa amalungelo anokubangwa. Banokugqiba kuphela ukuba umgaqo-siseko uyasetyenziswa okanye hayi.
I-EW: Ingxoxo yethu ephambili ngokusisiseko yingxoxo yedemokhrasi, ngoko ke ekuphenduleni oko kuthethwa ngumbutho oHlaza siyavuma ukuba kukho uphuculo oluncinci, olufana nokuba iPalamente yaseYurophu ekufumaneni intsingiselo engaphezulu malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-EU kwezinye iindawo. Ukwenziwa elubala kwiBhunga laBaphathiswa kuya kuphuculwa kancinane nako. Kodwa - kusoloko kukho 'kodwa' ohamba nolu phuculo - ukuba uthetha ngokusebenza elubala kwiBhunga kufuneka uqwalasele ukuba uninzi lwezigqibo zeBhunga zilungiselelwa kwiikomiti. Phantse iwaka leekomiti ezikhoyo namhlanje ziya kuhlala zingafihlwanga njengoko zinjalo ngoku. Akukho kuphononongwa ngokupheleleyo malunga nento abayenzayo, kwaye loo meko ayisayi kuguqulwa ngumgaqo-siseko.
IPalamente yaseYurophu kwiminyaka edlulileyo iye yafumana amandla amaninzi, kodwa awukwazi ukuyithelekisa nepalamente yakho yelizwe. Into yokuqala kukuba akukho maqela okwenene: kukho amaqela ePalamente ye-EU abanye abantu bacinga ukuba ngamaqela, njenge-Social Democrats okanye iqela le-Christian Democrats, kodwa le nto ayisebenzi njengemibutho, yingqungquthela nje. amaqhezu esizwe asebenza phantsi kweambrela. Kubekho ezinye iinzame zeGreens, umzekelo, ukwenza i-European Green party, kodwa ezo zethutyana. Ke ngaloo ndlela sinohlobo olungaqhelekanga lwezopolitiko, kwaye luyinto engaqhelekanga ngakumbi kuba awunaye urhulumente oneqela lezopolitiko. Ilizwe ngalinye lityumba uMkomishinala walo kwaye iKomishoni iziphatha njengorhulumente, kodwa awunazo iintshukumo zesiqhelo phakathi kwamaqela alawulayo kunye namaqela aphikisayo onokuwabona kwidemokhrasi emele abantu.
SG: Sikwasebenzisa iingxoxo zedemokhrasi kunye nenyaniso yokuba imigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho zizixhobo ekungafanelekanga ukuba zibe kuxwebhu lomgaqo-siseko. Kukho isigqeba solawulo esiphindwe kabini esicetywayo kumgaqo-siseko: esinye yiKomishoni, echazwa njengekuphela kwequmrhu elinokuthi lichaze okulungileyo, ngumsebenzi walo lowo. Kwaye kukho umongameli omnye, onyulelwe ixesha elinokuvuselelwa iminyaka emibini enesiqingatha. Kodwa oko kubonakala kuyindlela yokulwa phakathi kwemithombo emibini eyahlukeneyo yamandla olawulo. Ngamanye amazwi, basusa ubumongameli obujikelezayo beenyanga ezintandathu, apho unokuya eFinland aze aye eGrisi, aze aye eIreland njalo njalo. Ke bayayisusa loo nto, enokuba yinto entle, kodwa ngendlela ebonakala ngathi ayinamveliso kakhulu.
Ngokubanzi, nangona kunjalo, ingxoxo yethu ibuyela kwi-neo-liberalism. Xa umgaqo-siseko wanikezelwa yingqungquthela kwiintloko zamazwe kunye noorhulumente, ukongezwa kunye nokuthabatha kwabo kwenza ukuba ibe neo-liberal ngakumbi kunokuba yayiyiyo xa iphuma kwizandla zengqungquthela. Mhlawumbi oko kubonisa oorhulumente baseYurophu njengoko benjalo namhlanje. Kodwa iba yingxaki kuba kunzima kakhulu ukutshintsha lo mgaqo-siseko. Njengoko umgaqo-siseko waseFransi wowe-1793 usitsho, 'Isizukulwana esinye asifanele sithobele izizukulwana ezizayo kwimithetho yaso.'
Abantu abafunde ngokwenene isicatshulwa somgaqo-siseko phantse basoloko bephuma kulo msebenzi unzima uzimisele ukuvota ngokuchasene nawo, nangona kukho usasazo olusemthethweni lwezezimali kunye namajelo eendaba malunga nevoti ye-ewe, ethi 'idemokhrasi yayo ngakumbi kunale nto besinayo'.
Ukuba silahlekelwa yivoti eFransi kuya kuba yimbali yokutshatyalaliswa. Kodwa ndinokholo kubukrelekrele babantu baseFransi kwaye ndicinga ukuba singaphumelela.
Ihlelwe nguDaniel Chavez, kunye nokuhlelwa okongeziweyo ngu-Oscar Reyes
Ushicilelo: Marita Nadalutti
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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