Uziva njani emva kokuphumelela kukaMacron?
Ndakhululeka. Ndandigula lunyulo, ndicinga ukuba ilizwe lonke lalidiniwe yinto yonke. Ndandingoyiki uloyiso lweLe Pen njengoko ndandinjalo ngaphambili. Uvoto beluvumelene ngamxhelo mnye ukuba umsantsa wawumkhulu kakhulu ukuba ungagubungela iLungelo elikude kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, olu lonyulo ludale iyantlukwano enkulu ngakumbi ngasekhohlo kwaye iveze iFransi ecandeke kakhulu. I-Front National ngombulelo yoyiswa, kodwa iphinde yafumana ivoti erekhodiweyo ngengqiqo yokuba bayiphinda kabini ivoti yabo.
Yintoni eqhube irekhodi yenkxaso ephezulu yeLe Pen?
Izizathu zifana nezo ziqhuba iBrexit, iTrump kunye nezinye iziganeko. Oku koko ufumana emva kweminyaka engama-40 yeniyoliberalism. Ukungalingani kunyuke kakhulu, intswela-ngqesho ibambelele kumyinge we-10 leepesenti kwaye abantu baziva bengabandakanywanga, kwaye banexhala lokuba abantwana babo baya kuba mbi ngakumbi kunabo.
Iivoti zikaLe Pen zivela kwimimandla engasenamashishini eMantla, ezilalini ziziva zishiywe ngaphandle kwiinkxalabo zaseFransi nakubantu abanemivuzo ephantsi nehlayo kunye nemfundo ephantsi.
Kwaye kuyinyani ukuba la maqela ebengahoywanga kakhulu ngabo bonke oorhulumente kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo. Ngokwemimandla yasemaphandleni, umzekelo, imigaqo-nkqubo yaseFransi neyaseYurophu ithande i-Fรฉdรฉration Nationale des Syndicats d'Exploitants Agricoles (FNSEA), emele awona mafama atyebileyo afumana phantse zonke iinkxaso phantsi koMgaqo-nkqubo wezoLimo we-EU, ngelixa amafama amancinci efumana okuncinci. okanye akukho nto.
Iyamangalisa into yokuba imiba emikhulu kwezi ndawo zingahoywayo zelizwe ijolise kubantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kunye nabanqolobi, abangafumaneki ngokukhawuleza kwezi ndawo zoluntu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpendulo zilula zilula kunokuhlalutya okwenzeka ngokwenene kuluntu, oluye lwaba luluntu. ukugqithiselwa okukhulu kobutyebi ukusuka kwabahluphekayo ukuya kwizityebi okanye emaphandleni ukuya ezidolophini.
Ucinga ntoni ngokunyuka kukaMรฉlenchon, owapapashwa kumaphephandaba ngamazwe njengophuhliso olumangalisayo kunyulo kodwa ekugqibeleni wasilela ukwenza umjikelo wesibini?
Ewe, ngaphandle usenokuba ngumntu ongaziwayo, kodwa ngaphakathi eFransi ube ngumntu obalaseleyo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Wayelilungu leQela leSocialist kodwa wemka ngo-2008, ekruqukile kulondolozo lwendalo. Uthathe inxaxheba njengomgqatswa osekhohlo kunyulo oludlulileyo (ngo-2012) kwaye wafumana ukuviwa okulinganayo kodwa wadibana nomtyholwa, okhwazayo, โonomsindoโ. Ufunde izifundo zakhe okanye wathotywa bubudala - ngoku uneminyaka engama-65 - kuba ngeli xesha uye wabonakala enobubele, ekrelekrele kwaye eliciko.
Ushiywe ngokuqinileyo kwaye unemibono emihle kakhulu - ngokokubona kwam ungomnye weenkokheli zezopolitiko ezimbalwa ezithathele ngokupheleleyo iimpembelelo zethiyori kunye nezenzo zokubeka okusingqongileyo phambili kunye nemfuno yethu yenguqu eluhlaza. Ube sisithethi esichukumisayo, izihlwele ezinomtsalane, ngakumbi abantu abancinci, kwimisitho yobuninzi apho athethe kakuhle ngaphandle kwamanqaku kunye ne-backup yeqela elikhulu letekhnoloji (ebonakala ngokomzimba kwisixeko esinye kwaye ngaxeshanye kwihologram kwezinye ezintlanu umzekelo) kwaye ixhaswe sisicwangciso esiphucukileyo seendaba zoluntu.
Ngenxa yoko usondele kakhulu kumjikelo wokuqala, kwaye ube ngowokuqala kwizixeko ezikhulu. Ukuba wayeze kuqala, kunzima kwaye kuyoyikisa ukucinga ukuba ingaba yintoni isiphumo phakathi kwakhe - ethathwa njengeyingozi kakhulu yimikhosi yentengiso, echazwa rhoqo njengolukhuni okanye kude-ekhohlo nangona oku kungeyonyani - kwaye ngokwenene kude-ekunene. umviwa.
Ngaba amaFrentshi namaDatshi amavoti ngokuchasene neFar Right abonisa incopho yepopulism, nokuba ngasekunene okanye ngasekhohlo?
Andisiboni isizathu sokuba wonke umntu ngoku ebonakala ecinga ukuba kufuneka abize umnqweno ofanelekileyo wotshintsho othwalwa zizigidi zabantu njenge "populism". Kodwa ukuba ukungalingani kushiywe kungakhange kuthintelwe kwaye ukuba i-centrist kunye namaqela abizwa ngokuba 'yi-socialist' iyaqhubeka iyamkela imigaqo-nkqubo ye-neoliberal ngoko Hayi, "i-populism" ayizange iphakame kwaye iya kuqhubeka ngasekhohlo. Ngoko ke ndicinga ukuba mhlawumbi ekunene ngokunjalo apho abantu babona isisombululo kwiingxaki zabo ngokwemiqathango eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo - ukugatywa kwe "Okunye", ukuhlanjululwa kobuhlanga, ukubuyela kwixesha elidlulileyo lentsomi njalo njalo.
Owayesakuba nguMongameli uFranรงois Hollande ngoyena nobangela kwimeko yethu yangoku. Uphumelele njengomgqatswa weqela elithi "Socialist", kodwa wayityhalela kude ukuya ekunene kangangokuba ngoku ayaziwa. Wehla ngokoqobo ukuya kuthi ga kwisine ekhulwini xa wagqiba ekubeni angaphinde abaleke! Kodwa wachitha iminyaka emihlanu esakha i-boulevard ye-Far Right ukuba aqhube phantsi, ephula zonke izithembiso zakhe, enika imali eninzi kwiimanyano zabaqeshi kwaye angenzi nto ukulawula iibhanki okanye imali. Ekupheleni kwexesha lakhe wazama ukunyanzelisa umthetho ochasene nemibutho yabasebenzi okhokelela kuqhanqalazo olukhulu lwasezitalatweni. Andiqhelekanga ukubathiya abezopolitiko, kodwa uHollande unomthwalo wembali wokwenza oko anokukwenza ukutshabalalisa imodeli yethu yentlalo kunye nokwenza iFransi ikopi ephaphathekileyo yase-US.
Ke ayimangalisi ngokupheleleyo into yokuba abantu abasekhohlo bejonge eMacron naseLe Pen bakhethe ukungavoti okanye bavote bangenanto ngamanani arekhodiweyo nokuba kujongeka ngathi kungabeka emngciphekweni uloyiso lwasekunene. Ayilokhetho lwam - ndivotele iMacron - kodwa ndiyayiqonda ukuba andivelana nayo.
Yintoni esinokuyilindela kwiMacron?
Kubonakala ngathi wenze isigqibo malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo "omtsha" womtshayelo kubasebenzi kunye nokuthetha nawo onke amacandelo oluntu kodwa njengoko sithetha kuncinci kakhulu kuye kwavezwa ngaphandle kokuba uya kulawula ngomyalelo ukuba kuyimfuneko, umzekelo kwimiba yabasebenzi. Uthi uyakuqonda ukuphelelwa lithemba kwabantu abaninzi kodwa imvelaphi yodidi lwakhe inokwenza kube nzima oko. Uyimveliso ye-bourgeoisie yase-Amiens enyakatho yeFransi, i-Jesuit lycรฉe kunye ne-elite National School of Administration eyakhokelela ekubeni asebenze njengomcebisi kunye nomphathiswa wezoqoqosho kamva e-Hollande kodwa nakwibhanki yomthengisi i-Rothschilds. Kodwa usemncinci, ukrelekrele ngokwaneleyo ukuba azi ukuba sifuna indlela entsha hayi imveliso yepati. Iimarike zezemali ngokuqinisekileyo zibonakala zivuyiswa kunyulo lwakhe, kodwa ukuba akabaniki abantu ingqiqo yesivumelwano esilungileyo sikwimeko ekrwada yokuvuka kwiminyaka emihlanu kunye nokubetha okubi ngakumbi kwi-Front National.
Kufuneka ibe ngawaphi amanyathelo alandelayo okuqhubela phambili/asekhohlo?
Ngoku, ukuqinisekisa ukuba sinabagqatswa abomeleleyo kunyulo lowiso-mthetho ngoJuni kwaye sidibanisa amandla ethu. Ukuba uMรฉlenchon unokuza kwisivumelwano kunye ne-Socialist Party's Hamon kunye nabalandeli bakhe kunye neeGreens [usele enqabile ukusebenzisana namaKomanisi], abaqhubela phambili banokuphumelela izihlalo ezininzi. Kodwa ndiyoyika ukuba oko akunakwenzeka. Ikhohlo lihle kakhulu ekuboniseni oko uFreud akubiza ngokuba "yi-narcissism yomahluko omncinci". Ngoko idla ngokuhlutha uloyiso kwimihlathi yoloyiso. Ndiyathemba ukuba ndinokuba nethemba ngakumbi ekupheleni kwenyanga ezayo!
USusan George yingcali yezopolitiko yaseMelika neFrentshi kunye nentlalontle, itshantliziyo kunye nombhali ubulungisa bentlalo-ntle behlabathi, intlupheko yehlabathi lesithathu, ukungaphuhlisi kunye namatyala. Ungugxa kunye nomongameli webhodi ye Transnational Institute eAmsterdam.
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Nikela