Yintoni urhulumente osemthethweni? Ukusukela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, ukuvumelana kweNtshona kuye kwafuna ubuncinci bolawulo oludumileyo, unyulo olukhululekileyo nolunobulungisa kunye nokubophelela ngokusemthethweni amalungelo abemi.
Ukwahluka kweqondo bekusoloko kukho kwaye idabi lokwandisa inkululeko yedemokhrasi alinasiphelo kwaye alinamida. Abantu ngoku babhukuqa oozwilakhe kwiindawo ebebengazilindelanga; izigidi zamaJiphutha mva nje ziye zasikhumbuza ukuba ilungelo lokugxotha inkokeli enyuliweyo engazigciniyo izithembiso zayo okanye engazihloniphiyo izibophelelo zayo ikwayinxalenye yecanon yedemokhrasi.
Ukuba semthethweni kufuna ngaphezu kwayo yonke imvume yolawulo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abalawuli kufuneka babe namandla okukhaba amagunya angekho mthethweni. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba abakwazi ukubona nokuchonga umthetho ongekho mthethweni kwasekuqaleni? Kuthekani ukuba awona maqumrhu alawulayo angamaqumrhu azizithunzi, aziwa ubukhulu becala ziingcaphephe yaye athi ngononophelo ayeke ukupapasha imisebenzi yawo? Luthini uncedo lwabemi?
Ulwazi luyimfuneko yokuqala kwaye amajelo eendaba akancedi kangako kweli sebe. Bangaphi abachola-choli beendaba, singasathethi ke ngabantu nje abaqhelekileyo abakhe beva ngeBhodi yeMigangatho ye-Accounting yeHlabathi? Hayi indlela ekruqulayo ngayo! Ngubani ofuna ukufunda nge accounting? Yayilwa njengeqela elilula leengcebiso yiManyano yaseYurophu ebidinga ukujongana neenkqubo ezininzi ezingafaniyo zonikelo-mali kumazwe angamalungu ayo, i-IASB yahlanganisa abalawuli okanye abadla umhlala-phantsi kwiifemu ezine ezinkulu ze-transnational accounting. Yaba ngokusemthethweni ngo-2005 kwaye ukusukela ngoko, amazwe amaninzi aquka iOstreliya agqibe kwelokuba alandele imithetho yawo.
Kutheni sifanele sikhathalele? Kungenxa yokuba ihlabathi alinakuze lisuse iindawo zokuhlawulela irhafu ukuba nje i-IASB ikwazi ukubethelela "ingxelo yelizwe-ngelizwe" - inkqubo ekuphela kwayo enokunyanzela ii-transnational corporations (TNCs) ukuba zihlawule irhafu apho umsebenzi wabo wezoqoqosho uthatha khona. indawo. Enkosi โkumaxabiso odluliseloโ kunye nezinye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugwetyelwa ezisemthethweni, ii-TNCs zibangela ukuba oorhulumente baphulukane nengeniso yerhafu engachazwanga enokuphucula ubomi babantu babo. Kwaye ukuba nje iifemu eziphezulu zokubala zenza imithetho nge-proxy, ziya kuqhubeka zisenza njalo.
Ngaphezulu kwama-3,000 eZivumelwano zoTyalo-mali zaMazwe ngaMazwe ngaMazwe ngaManye (BITs) ezisebenzayo ngoku kwaye uninzi lubandakanya izibonelelo "zosombululo lwengxabano kubatyali-zimali kurhulumente". Oku kuvumela abatyali-mali - ngokwenkcazo yee-TNCs - ukuba bamangalele oorhulumente ukuba bakholelwa ukuba ingeniso yabo yangoku okanye "elindelekileyo" yonzakaliswa ngawo nawaphi na amanyathelo karhulumente. I-Australia ngobulumko yabhengeza ngo-2011 ukuba ayisayi kuphinda ibandakanye amagatya anjalo kwizivumelwano zorhwebo kunye notyalo-mali kwixesha elizayo; kade kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, ukuphepha ukumangalelwa nguPhilip Morris ngenxa yomthetho wayo ochasene nokutshaya.
Uthethathethwano luqale kwinyanga ephelileyo ngesona sivumelwano sibalulekileyo sorhwebo lwasimahla sakha sayilwa. I-TTIP, okanye iTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, iya kwenza imithetho ye-GDP yesiqingatha soqoqosho lwehlabathi. Urhwebo lonyaka lweempahla kunye neenkonzo ze-US-Yurophu zifikelela kwiitriliyoni ezinesiqingatha seedola, kodwa akukho nto ingako yothethathethwano ngemiqobo ethe ngqo efana neerhafu - ezi ziphakathi kweepesenti ezi-3 kuphela. Iinjongo endaweni yokuphelisa ii-BBB okanye "emva kwemiqobo yemida", kubandakanywa nemimiselo kunye neenkonzo zoluntu, kunye nokufumana inkululeko epheleleyo kubatyali-mali be-TNC, ngakumbi igatya lotyalo-mali ukuya kurhulumente.
Iiphaneli zolamlo ezongezelelekileyo ziya zithatha indawo yeenkundla zelizwe kwaye zinokubetha abathengi, impilo yoluntu kunye nemithetho yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokufumana amabhaso e-mega-million yeedola kwii-TNCs ezingeniso yazo idla ngokuba nkulu kune-GDP iyonke yelizwe elimangalelwayo.
Kodwa njengokuba kunjalo kumawaka e-BITs, ngoorhulumente abaxoxisana nge-TTIP, akunjalo? Yintoni engekho mthethweni ngaloo nto? Ngamafutshane, ii-TNCs ezinekomkhulu kumacala omabini e-Atlantiki ukusukela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990s zenza isigqibo ngayo yonke imiba yee-nuts-and-bolts ngokweenkcukacha ezibanzi, icandelo ngecandelo. Indawo yabo yayiyiTransatlantic Business Dialogue, esanda kwenziwa njengeBhunga lezoQoqosho laseTransatlantic. Ichaza umsebenzi wayo โnjengokunciphisa imimiselo ukuxhobisa icandelo labucalaโ kwaye lizibiza ngokuba โliqumrhu lezopolitikoโ. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi ngokuzingca esi sisihlandlo sokuqala "icandelo labucala [libambe] indima esemthethweni ekumiseleni umgaqo-nkqubo woluntu we-EU/US".
Kwi-2012, oorhulumente badibana eRio de Janeiro kwiNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo "Rio + 20" yokusingqongileyo. Ummeli we-International Chamber of Commerce waqhwatyelwa izandla xa wayebhengeza "ngoSuku lwezoShishino" ukuba "siyinxalenye yabathunywa bezoshishino bakhulu abakha bazimasa inkomfa ye-UN" kwaye waxelela abaphulaphuli bakhe ukuba "ishishini kufuneka likhokele kwaye ukukhokela." Ii-TNC ngoku zifuna indima esemthethweni kwiingxoxo zemozulu ze-UN.
Ayibobukhulu bazo nje, ubutyebi obuninzi kunye nempahla yexabiso ezenza ii-TNC zibe yingozi kwidemokhrasi. Njengoko unjingalwazi ongasekhoyo uTed Wheelwright wayesoloko esitsho, ikwalugxininiso lwabo, amandla abo okuphembelela, ukungena koorhulumente kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukukhusela iimfuno zabo njengodidi lokwenyani lwentlalontle yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukutshintshaniswa, amazwe ngamazwe, umntu ocebileyo, ohambahambayo, oneempawu ezifanayo, ukuthetha ulwimi olufanayo kunye nokwabelana ngeengcamango ezifanayo, ndibiza abantu abaqhubela phambili kungekuphela nje ishishini kodwa urhulumente iClass Davos. Abemi abaxabisa idemokhrasi babahoya ngengozi yabo.
USusan George yinzululwazi yezentlalo eyaziwayo kwihlabathi kunye noSihlalo weZiko leTransNational elizinze eAmsterdam. Incwadi yakhe yamva nje Kabani Ingxaki? Ikamva Likabani? Undwendwela eOstreliya ukuza kuthi ga ngoku i2013 Wheelwright Lecture kwiYunivesithi yaseSydney ngoLwesine Agasti 29. Jonga iprofayile yakhe epheleleyo Apha.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela