Inkqubela phambili luluvo olwaqanjwa ngenkulungwane ye-18, ixesha lokuKhanya kunye neenguqu kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukugcina umbono uphila kwixesha lethu. Kwi
Ngaloo mihla yamandulo, inzululwazi nobugcisa zazibonakala zikhula ngesantya esinjalo nesiqinisekiso, zicombulula iingxaki ezininzi yaye zisenza ubomi bube lula gqitha kwizigidi zabantu kangangokuba kwakulula ukukholelwa—ngokomzekelo eBritani ngenkulungwane ye-19—ukuba uluntu lwalukwinqanaba eliphezulu. indlela eya kwindawo ehlala iqaqamba ngakumbi.
Ingcamango "yophuhliso" iquka inguqulelo yenkulungwane yama-20 yenkqubela phambili. Ubuncinci kude kube nokuvela kweeNgxelo zoPhuhliso loLuntu ze-UN phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990, "abaphuhlisi" abasemthethweni njengeBhanki yehlabathi babhidanisa ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nempilo yabantu kwaye, betyhala iinkqubo ezinkulu ezifana ne "Green Revolution", kubalwa kwisayensi kunye iteknoloji yokuphelisa intlupheko nokungalingani.
Iimfazwe zehlabathi ezimbini, iShoah, amanyundululu athe ngokuthe ngcembe atyhilwa yikoloniyalizim, ugqatso lwezixhobo zenyukliya neentlekele zenyukliya zasekuhlaleni zonke zibe negalelo kwinkulungwane yama-20 ekupheliseni ukholo kwinkqubela phambili. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukwanda kweengxaki zemali, "ukutshatyalaliswa kweoli", isoyikiso sendlala enkulu kunye nobunqolobi badlala indima efanayo kwi-21st. Sibonakala ekugqibeleni siyifumana ngeentloko zethu ukuba impucuko inokubuyela emva kwaye kule nto. mzuzu kanye phantse ngokuqinisekileyo siyityhalela kwelo cala.
Ngokwembali, kuphela ngasekhohlo, kuphela amandla okuqhubela phambili aye azisa inkqubela kwingqiqo yokukhululwa komntu. Umbuzo ke lowo UMXHOLO ibuza ababhali bayo- "Inokuba yintoni imbono entsha yenkqubela phambili yasekhohlo kwinkulungwane yama-21?" ingxamisekile.
Makhe ndizame ukuwuphendula kuqala ngokwalatha umahluko umntu amele awenze phakathi kwenkqubela phambili yenzululwazi neyobugcisa nenkqubela yabantu. Abo babini babeqhele ukuhamba kunye; namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, ingxoxo, ngokwenene umlo unenkxalabo yokuba ingaba uphuhliso lwenzululwazi ngokwenene luyinkqubela okanye hayi. Ngoku ekhohlo kufuneka azame ukumisa oko kubhalwe ngokufanelekileyo “inkqubela phambili”, indima engenakucingelwa yabaqhubela phambili kwiminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo. Kumhla wethu, xa kucingelwa ukuba “inkqubela phambili” ilawulwa ziinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezigxile kuphela kwinzuzo nasekuvuleni iimarike ezintsha, lo ngumsebenzi oqhubekayo.
Umzekelo weGenetically Manipulated Organisms uyabonisa le ngongoma. Nangona kungekho mntu ubonise ngokucacileyo ukuba i-GMOs iyingozi kwimpilo yabantu, impembelelo yabo eyingozi kwindalo kunye namandla abo okusasaza kunye nokutshabalalisa inkululeko yamafama ekukhuleni izityalo eziphilayo okanye eziqhelekileyo ziyabonakala. Ukwazi ukuba i-transnational corporations ilawula i-GMOs, ngakumbi iMonsanto kunye nelifa elinzima leemveliso ezinobungozi eziqhubekayo zilungile ukukhusela ukulima kwe-GMO ngaphandle kweemeko eziqulethwe ngokungqongqo.
Asifuni amandla enyukliya angaphezulu koko, njengakuwo
Umbuzo wenkqubela phambili ekukhululweni komntu wahlukile. Apha ekhohlo ngokucacileyo akubizwa ukuba kuthintelwe, kodwa ukufuna nokufumana iindlela ezintsha—kanye njengokuba bonke abantu abanenkqubela abakhe baphila baye bazama ukwenjenjalo. Bonke kwafuneka balwe nentaphane yeentlobo zengcinezelo kwiimeko ezinzima zexesha labo, kwaye uninzi lwabo, masijamelane nalo, lulahlekile. ISpartacus ayizange ibuphelise ubukhoboka mandulo
Umceli mngeni ongazange ubonwe ngaphambili abajongene nenkqubela phambili ngoku kukusebenza kuzo zonke iinkalo zejografi. Ukuza kuthi ga kutshanje, kwakwanele ukuzama ukuhlangabezana neengxaki zelizwe likabani—umvuzo ondilisekileyo, ukuphuculwa kweemeko zokusebenza, unyango olufanelekileyo, imfundo yehlabathi lonke, ukwahlulwa kweCawa noRhulumente njalo njalo. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, imiba yesizwe isabalulekile. Zinjalo ke ezasekuhlaleni. Ngokungakumbi, nangona kunjalo, siyabona ukuba imida yobomi bethu ifikelela ngaphaya kwemida yelizwe lethu. Abantu baseYurophu namhlanje kufuneka bajongane nenyaniso yokuba iipesenti ezingama-85 zemithetho ebalawulayo ayizukuvela kwipalamente yabo yesizwe kodwa isuka eBrussels kunye ne-EU ikwindlela yeneo-liberal, imodeli yezoqoqosho eqhutywa kushishino ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na ingcamango yentlalontle. inkqubela.
Kutshanje iNkundla Yobulungisa YaseYurophu iye yawisa izigqibo ezisinyanzelisayo ezingekho ngaphantsi kwesithathu
Ukuthetha kumazwe ngamazwe, yinkqubo ecothayo kabuhlungu ukubeka imixholo ebalulekileyo kwi-ajenda, singasathethi ke ngokuyenza ithathelwe ingqalelo. Kuthathe iminyaka engamashumi amabini ukukholisa abathathi-zigqibo besizwe nabamazwe ngamazwe ngobunyani kunye nobungozi bokutshintsha kwemozulu, ngoko babenomdla wokumamela amaqumrhu, ngakumbi iinkampani ze-oyile. Ngoku ekubeni wonke umntu eziqonda izoyikiso, ubunkokeli buphinda bukhubazekile. Siyazi ukuba iimbacu zemozulu ziya kubethelela iingcango zethu kwiminyaka nje embalwa—kodwa akukho malungiselelo enziwayo. Siyazi ukuba indlala iphinda iligqugqise ihlabathi, ukuba amashumi ezigidi zabantu abaphuma kubomi bendlala engapheliyo baphinde baphoswa kwesi sihogo, ukanti siyaqhubeka nokuvelisa amafutha endalo endaweni yezityalo zokutya kwaye akukho nzame zokuqulatha amandla emarike akhokelela kwindlala enkulu.
Abantu abaqhubela phambili kufuneka bayisuse iBhanki yeHlabathi, iNgxowa-mali yeMali yaMazwe ngaMazwe kunye noMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi kube kanye kwaye endaweni yawo kufakwe imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe esabela ngenene kwiimfuno zekota yesithathu yoluntu engahoywanga. Ngexesha lokufa kwakhe ngowe-1946, uJohn Maynard Keynes wayesele ezoba iiplani zemibutho enjalo—sinokwenza okubi kakhulu kunokugrumba size siphucule ukuze zihambelane neemfuno zanamhlanje.
Kuyo yonke indawo sibona abantu abaphezulu bexhalabele ukuphelisa inkqubela yedemokhrasi yeenkulungwane ezidlulileyo kunye nokubeka ubunkokeli obungakhethwanga [iKomishoni ye-EU…] okanye iitekhnoloji [IMF, i-WTO…] ethembekileyo kwiminqweno yabo ephetheyo. Umzabalazo othe gqolo wabantu abaqhubela phambili ukugcina idemokhrasi ibadibanisa neentshaba zabo ezizama ukuyijongela phantsi: intsilelo yedemokhrasi kufuneka ibe sisikhonkco sazo zonke izenzo zethu zexesha elizayo.
Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba eyiqonda le nto, uBarack Obama uye wavela ekungaziwayo kwezopolitiko ukuze athathe indawo ephambili kwingcinga edibeneyo kwaye, umntu unethemba, kungekudala iofisi
Imbali yoluntu, ngoko ke umzabalazo wenkululeko yoluntu, awukapheli kwaye kufuneka singaze silithuke ikamva. Masibe nethemba lokuba inkqubela phambili yehlabathi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke abantu baseYurophu, baya kumanyana kuloo mazwi: Ewe sinako.
Eli nqaku ligalelo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano "Ingcamango yenkqubela phambili kwi-21st Century", eya kupapashwa ngeSpanishi kwi. TEMAS para el Debate, NgoJuni 2008.
USusan George nguSihlalo weBhodi yeTransnational Institute kunye nomongameli ohloniphekileyo wase-Attac-France. Iincwadi zakhe zamva nje La Pensée enchaînée: Comment les droites laïque et religieuse se sont emparées de l'Amérique [Fayard, 2007], iza kupapashwa ngesiNgesi njenge: Ukuqweqwedisa iMelika: Indlela iNkolo kunye neLungelo leSizwe elitshintshe ngayo into ecingwa ngabantu baseMelika [Okuzayo, iPolity Press 2008], kunye Thina bantu baseYurophu [Pluto Press, 2008].
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela