NgoNovemba, iCharles Koch Foundation umemezele ukuba iya kubonelela malunga nezigidi ezi-4 zeerandi kwizibonelelo kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard kunye neMIT ukuqeqesha isizukulwana esilandelayo seengcali zomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle. Yinxalenye yomzamo wesiseko wokulawula umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle wase-US kude nogxininiso kungenelelo lomkhosi kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu lwePentagon.
Ewe, kunjalo: uCharles Koch.
Ukwangulo mfo uchazwe kwisigxeko esibuhlungu sikaJane Mayer sendlela oosozigidi bezigidi-gidi abathe bagalela ngayo ityhefu yabo echasene norhulumente kwigazi laseMelika. Kwi Imali Emnyama, Mayer uchaza indlela uCharles kunye nomntakwabo uDavid abaxhase ngayo imibutho eye yakhuthaza ukucuthwa kwerhafu kwizityebi, i-ajenda echasene nolawulo elahla indalo ngokuthanda iinkampani zamandla (ezifana ne-Koch Industries), kunye ne-Tea Party formations efuna ukunciphisa urhulumente. ukusa kwinqanaba lokungabikho.
I-Kochs ibhalisela uguqulelo lwe-radical, lwe-right-wing ye-libertarianism ngokubhekiselele kuyo akukho nto kufuneka ime endleleni yoshishino lwamahhala. Akumangalisi ukuba ifilosofi kaKochs inceda isiseko sabo. Bachitha phantse isigidi seerandi bexhasa uGeorge W. Bush kunye namanye amaRiphabhlikhi ngo-2000, emva koko. uzuze lukhulu ukusuka kulawulo lukaBush kunyango olukhethekileyo lweenkampani zamandla (singasathethi ke amashumi ezigidi zeedola kwiikhontrakthi zikarhulumente abazifumene ngo-2000). Nangexesha leminyaka ka-Obama, iinzame zabo kwinqanaba lomdibaniso kunye norhulumente "lokususa urhulumente emqolo wabo" wancedwa ukuphinda kabini ubutyebi babo, ukusuka kwi-19 yeebhiliyoni zeedola nganye ngo-2008 ukuya kwi-41 yeebhiliyoni zeedola nganye ngo-2016.
IiKochs zinezothe ngeendlela ezininzi. Kodwa abanakubekwa tyala ngenxa yokungahambelani nentiyo yabo kurhulumente, zonke urhulumente. Uninzi lwamaphiko e-right "deficit hawks" lusebenzisa ngaphandle kokhuseleko lwesizwe xa bezama ukubuyisela imali kuzo zonke iindawo zikarhulumente ngaphandle kwePentagon. Kodwa i-Kochs iphatha inkcitho yokhuselo njengayo yonke enye inkcitho karhulumente. Kule meko, ide ihambe ngokuchasene neminqweno yabo yemali. IiKochs zenziwe malunga ne- $ 170 yezigidi phakathi kwe-1996 kunye ne-2011 kwiikhontrakthi zokhuselo. Kwiskimu esikhulu sezinto, ewe, i-10 lezigidi zeedola ngonyaka yimpazamo ejikelezayo koosozigidi bezigidi.
Ifilosofi yabo yokuchasana nemfazwe kunye nokungenelela kuthethe ukuba iCato Institute, itanki yokucinga yenkululeko yaqala kwaye yaxhaswa ngemali ngabakwaKochs, ithathele ingqalelo ngokungaguqukiyo. izikhundla ezilungileyo kumgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Kodwa iZiko leCato, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu kunye nekomkhulu ledolophu elisembindini, belisoloko lisecaleni kuluntu lomgaqo-nkqubo waseWashington. IiKochs zinqwenela ukuthembeka okuqhelekileyo.
Yiyo loo nto iCharles Koch Foundation ibonelela ngemali kwiHarvard kunye neMIT - eyona nkcazo yokuthembeka kwesiqhelo - ukukhuthaza ukucinga okuchasene nokungenelela kwizifundiswa. Abantu ababini abaza kulawula inkqubo ngabagxeki abacingayo bemfazwe yase-US: uSteven Walt waseHarvard kunye no-MIT uBarry Posen. UWalt noJohn Mearsheimer babhala a isincoko sokuqonda in Imicimbi yabangaphandle Ngo-2016 ebeka ingxabano "yokulinganisa i-offshore," isicwangciso esihle sokunciphisa izibophelelo zomkhosi wase-US phesheya kolwandle. iyaxhasa.
Ndimhlonipha kakhulu uWalt noPosen. Ndikwasebenze nabantu baseCato kumaphulo awohlukeneyo omgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle.
Kodwa kwimeko yezopolitiko yangoku, xa ulawulo lukaTrump luqalisa uhlaselo olupheleleyo kwiinkqubo zomdibaniso kunye nentlawulo yerhafu exhaswa nguKoch isendleleni ngeCongress, kufuneka abaqhubela phambili bamkele iimvuthuluka ezimbalwa eziphoswa ngabakwaKoch kwicala leeNkomfa. amaphulo okulwa imfazwe?
IiKochs kunye neTrump
Njengomgqatswa kamongameli, uDonald Trump wenza ingxolo malunga nokuchasa ungenelelo lomkhosi kunye nokunciphisa indawo yePentagon phesheya. Enkosi kakhulu kumcebisi wakhe omkhulu uSteve Bannon, uTrump naye weza ekwamkeleni izikhundla ezichasene norhulumente ezithandwa ngabantu abalwela inkululeko.
Kodwa uCharles noDavid Koch babengamthandi uTrump (umzalwana wesithathu, uBill, uxhasa umtyunjwa weRiphabhlikhi). Njengoko iphulo lika-2016 lalivutha, amahemuhemu asasazwa malunga nenkxaso-mali ye-Koch iphulo elichasene noTrump kunye noCharles Koch nokuba uxhasa uHillary Clinton. Ezo zangqineka zibubuxoki. I-Kochs ayizange isebenze inethiwekhi yabo ukuze ixhase uTrump, kodwa ayizange ikhuphe intsebenziswano.
Ewe, uninzi lwezopolitiko kunye nabasebenzi be-Koch babenjalo ifakwe kwiphulo, ukusuka kuMike Pence (umlingane kaTrump) ukuya kuCorey Lewandowski (umphathi wephulo likaTrump, waxoshwa ngoJuni 2016). UMarc Short, umcebisi wezonxibelelwano kaPence kwaye emva koko waba ngumlawuli wezomthetho kaTrump, wake waba ngumphathi weFreedom Partners, umbutho oxhaswa ngemali yiKoch. "Isikhewu eTrump singenawo eyakhe inethiwekhi sizaliswe ngabantu abalinywa iminyaka yinethiwekhi yeKoch," uRichard L. Hasen, unjingalwazi wezomthetho e-UC Irvine. xelelwe le Los Angeles Times.
Akuzange kube kudala emva kokuba abalawuli bengene ezikhundleni abazalwana bakwaKoch waqala ukuphanda indlela iqela likaTrump elinokuthi liqhubele phambili ngayo i-ajenda yalo. Bamkele ukurhoxa kukaTrump kwisivumelwano semozulu saseParis, imimiselo eyahlukeneyo yokusingqongileyo eye yabuyiselwa ngabaphathi, kunye nomzamo wengqungquthela. ukubulala i-Affordable Care Act.
NgoMeyi, abazalwana ichonge isicwangciso irhafu Trump njengento abanokuyifumana ngasemva - ngendlela enkulu. Njengoko umlo wawuqina kwiCongress, inethiwekhi yaseKoch yayiphuma yonke. UTim Phillips, umongameli we-Koch-asebenzisana namaMerika ekuPhumeleleni, xelele Boston Globe: โYeyona nzame ibalulekileyo sakha sayenza.โ Uthungelwano lwe-Koch ludibanise i-400 yezigidi zeedola kwiminyaka emibini ezayo yomsebenzi wezopolitiko, kwaye isebenzisa i-chunk elungileyo yokufumana intlawulo yerhafu. Ibe yinkundla epheleleyo yoshicilelo nge-op-eds kunye ne-8 yezigidi zeerandi ukuhlasela iintengiso.
Ke, masiyilahle imbono yokuba iiKochs zinokuthenjwa ukuze zixhase umzamo omkhulu wokulwa noTrump. Abazithandi izikhundla zakhe malunga nokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, intsangu, okanye uhlengahlengiso lobulungisa kulwaphulo-mthetho. Kodwa banqwenela ukuxhaphaza uTrump "njengesidenge esiluncedo" kwiphulo labo lokuphanga umanyano.
Ngokuchasene neeGlobalists
Kulula kum ukuba ndithathe amanyathelo asemthethweni ngokuchasene nokuthatha imali kwiiKochs. Abandinikanga nto. Kodwa nazi ezinye izizathu zokuba abanye banokucinga kabini ngokuthatha izixhobo zabo zokulwa nemfazwe.
Isizathu sengcamango: Isikhundla esiqhubekayo sokulwa nemfazwe yinxalenye yenkqubo enkulu yamazwe ngamazwe exhasa uxolo lwehlabathi kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona emva kongquzulwano, iinkqubo ezisingqongileyo ezinamandla, iinzame zamazwe ngamazwe zokulwa nentlupheko, kunye neendlela zamalungelo oluntu ezibamba amazwe kunye nabantu ngabanye. AbakwaKoch abanamdla kuyo nayiphi na loo nto.
Yonke imiba emiselweyo ye-ajenda yenkqubela phambili yamazwe ngamazwe ifuna amazwe anamandla. I-Kochs ikholelwa ukuba isandla esingabonakaliyo semarike yamahhala siya kusombulula zonke iingxaki, ngaphandle kwesikhokelo sikarhulumente okanye ukuphazamiseka. Ngendlela efanayo naleyo uMargaret Thatcher wayengakholelwa ngayo kuluntu, kuphela ngabantu, iiKochs azikholelwa ngokwenene kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe. Awona mandla ezizwe ngezizwe anako nakuphi na ukungeniswa kuwo ngamaqumrhu ezizwe ngezizwe. Inkxaso-mali yabo yokulwa nemfazwe ke ngoko iza neengcinga ezinzulu (ukuba zihlala zifihliwe) zincanyathiselwe.
Isizathu semali: Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iCharles Koch Foundation ikhuphe imali engaphantsi kwe-15 yezigidi zeerandi ukuxhasa iinkqubo kumaziko emfundo ukujonga umgaqo-nkqubo ongaphantsi komkhosi wangaphandle. Yimali encinci leyo xa ithelekiswa noko iyichithayo kwiinzame zokutyhila i-Obamacare okanye ukufumana isicwangciso serhafu sikaTrump siphumelele. Ikwamalunga nento eyenziwa ziiKochs minyaka le emkhosini wase-US. Mhlawumbi ukuba iKoch Enterprises ibhengeze ukuba iyahlukana nayo yonke imisebenzi enxulumene nomkhosi, ukupha kwabo ngesisa kuya kuba nefuthe elingakumbi.
Isizathu semfundo: Njengoko uJane Mayer ebonisa Imali Emnyama, abakwaKoch baye baxhasa ngezimali iinkqubo kwiidyunivesiti zokutshintsha intetho yezemfundo isuke kwinkululeko yokucinga. Ukuxhasa kwabo ngezimali iinkqubo โzomthetho noqoqosho,โ ngokomzekelo, kuye kwanceda ekutshintsheni umsebenzi wobugqwetha ekucingeni ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Kwaye ayisingathi iiKochs ziye zacaca ngakumbi malunga neendlela zazo. UJane Mayer catshulwa umcebisi kaKoch, uGeorge Pearson: โWalumkisa ngelithi, izipho zesithethe eziya kwiiyunivesithi aziqinisekisi ulawulo olwaneleyo lweengcamango. Endaweni yoko, uye wakhuthaza inkxaso-mali kumaziko abucala kwiidyunivesithi ezidumileyo, apho impembelelo kwizigqibo zokuqeshwa kunye nezinye iindlela zolawulo zinokuqhutywa ngabanikeli ngelixa befihla iradicalism yeenjongo zabo.
Isizathu esisemthethweni: I-Kochs izama ukunika imbonakalo yokuba i-transpartisan. Baye basebenzisana nabaqhubela phambili kuhlaziyo lwesigwebo, nangona uMayer ebonisa ukuba banomdla kakhulu ekufumaneni izigwebo ezincitshisiweyo kumaqumrhu kunabahluphekayo. Basebenza kunye Negro College Fund, kodwa imali iya ekuboniseni indlela โushishino oluyimigaqo, uqoqosho, kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha ezinegalelo kwintlalontle yabantu, uluntu kunye noluntu.โ
Igama elithi "intlalontle," njengoko iinkcukacha zikaMayer, yayiyinto abakwaKochs abaze nayo ukubeka ubuso obuncumileyo kwinkxaso-mali etshabalalisa uluntu, iinkqubo zentlalontle kunye nokusingqongileyo. Nokuba inkxaso-mali yabo entsha yomgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle ingezi nemitya enjalo, isanceda ekuguqulweni komfanekiso weKochs.
Ke, nangona uWalt kunye noPosen, ingenguye uCharles Koch, abaya kulawula iimali eHarvard naseMIT, inkqubo inokuba ngumphetho omncinci we-wedge. Ukuba i-Kochs ithatha isigqibo sokugalela imali kumgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle, inokuphelisa ngempumelelo indawo yokulwa nemfazwe kwiziseko zayo zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuba iingxoxo ezinje zingqineke ziyimpumelelo, iUnited States iya kubunciphisa ubukho bayo emkhosini, kodwa umhlaba awusayi kukhuseleka ngenxa yoko. Iyonke inkcitho yasemkhosini yehlabathi inamandla Nyusa ukuhlawula ukudendwa kwe-US. Amaqabane ase-US - uMzantsi Korea, eJapan - banokuthatha isigqibo sokufumana ezabo iinkqubo zezixhobo zenyukliya ukuba i-ambrela yenyukliya yase-US iyawohloka. Ngaphandle kwenkqubo-sikhokelo yokhuseleko eyomeleleyo yezizwe ngezizwe, amanye amazwe ngokuqinisekileyo aya kulwela omnye komnye ngenxa yegunya le-US hegemonic.
AbakwaKoch abakhathali. Bayamkela isiphithiphithi sehlabathi kuba becinga ukuba baya kukwazi ukwenza inzuzo ngayo. Mhlawumbi uWalt kunye noPosen bakholelwa ukuba basebenzisa ngempumelelo uCharles Koch ukuya esiphelweni sabo sokwakha umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle wase-US onenyani. Kodwa ooKoch, abaneebhiliyoni zeerandi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ibe ngabo abalawulayo, bangaqhathwa.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela